The Development of Parameters and Warning Algorithms for an Intersection Bus-Pedestrian Collision Warning System

2013 ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Chien-Yen Chang ◽  
Ting-Wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Basic Parameters

This study presents the conceptual design of an intersection bus-pedestrian collision warning system for bus drivers approaching an intersection. The basic parameters of the proposed design concept include the bus drivers’ perception-reaction time, the emergency deceleration rate of the bus, and pedestrian walking speed. A bus driving simulation was designed and conducted to analyze bus drivers’ responses to unexpected pedestrians crossing unsignalized intersections or signalized intersections during a green light interval for parameter analysis. The timings of auditory warnings and visual warnings, the locations for vehicle detectors and pedestrian detectors, and the locations for visual warning devices were also developed after analyzing the experimental results. The experimental results also highlight some important characteristics of bus driving behavior at intersections. Moreover, bus drivers really pay attention to the warning messages. Finally, this study develops and discusses some warning algorithms.

The Development of Parameters and Warning Algorithms for an Intersection Bus-Pedestrian Collision Warning System

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Chien-Yen Chang ◽  
Ting-Wei Chang
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Warning Messages ◽  
Unsignalized Intersections ◽  
Basic Parameters

This study presents the conceptual design of an intersection bus-pedestrian collision warning system for bus drivers approaching an intersection. The basic parameters of the proposed design concept include the bus drivers’ perception-reaction time, the emergency deceleration rate of the bus, and pedestrian walking speed. A bus driving simulation was designed and conducted to analyze bus drivers’ responses to unexpected pedestrians crossing unsignalized intersections or signalized intersections during a green light interval for parameter analysis. The timings of auditory warnings and visual warnings, the locations for vehicle detectors and pedestrian detectors, and the locations for visual warning devices were also developed after analyzing the experimental results. The experimental results also highlight some important characteristics of bus driving behavior at intersections. Moreover, bus drivers really pay attention to the warning messages. Finally, this study develops and discusses some warning algorithms.

scholarly journals Investigation of Bus Drivers’ Reaction to ADAS Warning System: Application of the Gaussian Mixed Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8759
Author(s):  
Wei Ye ◽  
Yueru Xu ◽  
Feixiang Zhou ◽  
Xiaomeng Shi ◽  
Zhirui Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Lane Departure ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Forward Collision Warning ◽  
Driving Assistance System

Road crashes cause serious loss of life and property. Among all vehicles, buses are more likely to encounter crashes. In recent years, the advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) has been widely used in buses to improve safety. The warning system is one of the key functions and has proven effective in reducing crashes. However, drivers often ignore or overreact to ADAS warnings during naturalistic driving scenarios. Therefore, reactions of bus drivers to warnings need further investigation. In this study, bus drivers’ responses to lane departure warning (LDW) and forward collision warning (FCW) were investigated using 20-day naturalistic driving data. These reactions could be classified into three categories, namely positive, negative, and overreaction or emergency, by employing the Gaussian mixture model. The authors constructed a framework to quantify drivers’ reactions to the warning and study the reaction characteristics in different environments. The results indicate that drivers’ reactions to FCW were more positive than to LDW, drivers reacted more positively to LDW and FCW while driving on highways than on urban roads, and drivers reacted more positively at night to LDW and FCW than during daytime. This study gives support to an adaptive ADAS considering varying bus driver characteristics and environments.

scholarly journals Discrimination of Effects between Directional and Nondirectional Information of Auditory Warning on Driving Behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
Zhuo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Directional Information ◽  
Red Light Running ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Auditory Warning

This study examines the impacts of directional and nondirectional auditory warning information in a collision warning system (CWS) on driving behavior. The data on driving behavior is collected through experiment, with scenarios containing unexpected hazard events that include different warning content. As drivers approached the collision event, either a CWS auditory warning was given or no warning was given for a reference group. Discriminant analysis was used to investigate the relationship between directional auditory warning information and driving behavior. In the experiment, the CWS warnings significantly reduced brake reaction time and prompted drivers to press the brake pedal more heavily, demonstrating the effectiveness of CWS warnings in alerting drivers to avoid red-light running (RLR) vehicles when approaching a signalized intersection. Providing a clear warning with directional information about an urgent hazard event could give drivers adequate time to prepare for the potential collision. In terms of deceleration, a directional information warning was shown to greatly help drivers react to critical events at signalized intersections with more moderate braking. From these results, requirements can be derived for the design of effective warning strategies for critical intersections.

scholarly journals Effect of Warning System on Interactive Driving Behavior at Unsignalized Intersection under Fog Conditions: A Study Based on Multiuser Driving Simulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yunfan Zhang ◽  
Xuedong Yan ◽  
Jiawei Wu ◽  
Ke Duan
Keyword(s):  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Collision Warning ◽  
Action Point ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Further Development

The intersection collision warning system (ICWS) is an emerging technology designed to assist drivers in avoiding collisions at intersections. ICWS has an excellent performance in reducing the number of collisions and improving driving safety. Previous studies demonstrated that when visibility was low under fog conditions, ICWS could help drivers timely detect hazardous conflicting vehicles. However, the influences of ICWS on interactive driving behavior at unsignalized intersection between different vehicles have barely been discussed. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of drivers’ interactive behaviors with the assistance of a new kind of ICWS under fog conditions based on Multiuser Driving Simulation. The Multiuser Driving Simulation allowed multiple drivers to operate in the same simulation scenario at the same time, and it could capture drivers’ interactions preferably. Forty-eight licensed drivers completed the driving simulation experiment in three fog conditions (no fog, light fog, and heavy fog) and two warning conditions (warning and no warning), in which the drivers drove in a straight-moving situation at unsignalized intersection with potential collision risks caused by the encounter of two vehicles. The results verified that warning and fog conditions were significant factors that affected the interactive driving behavior in the unsignalized intersection collision avoidance process, including the driver’s decision, TTC of action point, average acceleration (deceleration) rate, and postencroachment time. Compared to conditions without ICWS, the ICWS could help drivers make collision avoidance actions earlier and change the speed more smoothly. In addition, with the help of Multiuser Driving Simulation, associations between decision driving behaviors of vehicles were discussed with caution. The results revealed the decision-making mechanism of drivers in the process of interaction with other drivers. Under the influence of fog, interactive driving processes were fraught with increased risk at unsignalized intersection. However, the ICWS helped drivers interact more harmoniously, safely, and efficiently. The findings shed some light on the further development of ICWS and the study on interactive driving behavior.

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