OTDM-WDM

Optical Transmission and Networks for Next Generation Internet Traffic Highways ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-6575-0.ch007 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 151-177

Keyword(s):

Building Blocks ◽

Transmission System ◽

Clear Picture ◽

Optical Pulses ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Wdm Transmission

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the operation principle of an OTDM-WDM transmission system. It provides a clear picture about all building blocks of the OTDM-WDM transmission system. It also contains descriptions of various techniques that can be used to generate ultra short optical pulses for OTDM system. The basic principles of multiplexing and demultiplexing and filtering processes are explained by a discussion of several practical scenarios related to OTDM-WDM transmission system.

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Constructing Large 2D Lattices Out of DNA-Tiles

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1502

Author(s):

Johannes M. Parikka ◽

Karolina Sokołowska ◽

Nemanja Markešević ◽

J. Jussi Toppari

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Dna Nanotechnology ◽

Building Blocks ◽

High Yield ◽

Dna Nanostructures ◽

Liquid Interfaces ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Dna Tiles ◽

One Step ◽

Solid Liquid

The predictable nature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions enables assembly of DNA into almost any arbitrary shape with programmable features of nanometer precision. The recent progress of DNA nanotechnology has allowed production of an even wider gamut of possible shapes with high-yield and error-free assembly processes. Most of these structures are, however, limited in size to a nanometer scale. To overcome this limitation, a plethora of studies has been carried out to form larger structures using DNA assemblies as building blocks or tiles. Therefore, DNA tiles have become one of the most widely used building blocks for engineering large, intricate structures with nanometer precision. To create even larger assemblies with highly organized patterns, scientists have developed a variety of structural design principles and assembly methods. This review first summarizes currently available DNA tile toolboxes and the basic principles of lattice formation and hierarchical self-assembly using DNA tiles. Special emphasis is given to the forces involved in the assembly process in liquid-liquid and at solid-liquid interfaces, and how to master them to reach the optimum balance between the involved interactions for successful self-assembly. In addition, we focus on the recent approaches that have shown great potential for the controlled immobilization and positioning of DNA nanostructures on different surfaces. The ability to position DNA objects in a controllable manner on technologically relevant surfaces is one step forward towards the integration of DNA-based materials into nanoelectronic and sensor devices.

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Optimisation of wavelength spacing in a WDM transmission system in the presence of fibre nonlinearities

IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics ◽

10.1049/ip-opt:19952070 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 142 (4) ◽

pp. 190-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. Yu ◽

M.J. O'Mahony

Keyword(s):

Transmission System ◽

Wavelength Spacing ◽

Wdm Transmission

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The First and Second Hands Data in Doctoral Research Work

European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research ◽

10.26417/ejser.v6i2.p133-138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Hasan Jashari

Keyword(s):

Research Work ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Direct Analysis ◽

Clear Picture ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Doctoral Research ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Source Data ◽

Data Source ◽

Mixed Approach

It is a matter of debate about what a scientific research is. But within this issue we often discuss about the data source. These issues have raised some dilemmas of ethical character on how datas shall be collected, who collects them, and who may use and the way they are used. No doubt those doctorates represent a research but the purpose of this paper is to stimulate debate on some essential criteria which it should have. The first question we put forth is that how much of the data presented by the candidate are of first hand- collected by the candidate himself, his team and how much data are used from other sources or are given from second hand (Mattews, Ross, 2012). From the direct analysis of the doctorate works in SEE University, it turns out that there is a mixed approach of using the data and their presentation. We can freely say that first-hand data are more in number but there is also a great numbers of dissertations without first-hand data, so without source data, collected directly by the author on the determined subject of his paper . So the permanent question that should afflict us is that whether a dissertation should always respect innovation and basic principles of Salzburg Principles? By reviewing of the literature, documents analyzing, statistical analyzing we will be able to give a clear picture of how the of primary and secondary sources in the dissertation work should be used.

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