Informed Governance

2016 ◽  
pp. 363-381
Author(s):  
Carlos Páscoa ◽  
Benjamin Fernandes ◽  
José Tribolet
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Vision Alignment ◽  
Organizational Engineering ◽  
The Way

How can an organization be successful if it doesn't have clear objectives? If it does not know where to go, how can it plot a route? An organization without well-defined objectives is like a drifting ship, goes along with the winds, wherever it blows to. Defining objectives is of capital importance for good organizational performance and success, vision alignment and goal focusing. Their definition must follow strict requirements that guarantee relevance and accomplishment. Moreover, objectives must be set at all levels of the organization, so that everybody tracks the same route. This research proposes an approach to the way organizations define objectives. Based on principles of Organizational Engineering and the Portuguese Air Force's top-down structure and Mission, a model is proposed that takes into account relevant organizational elements needed to guarantee the objectives' pertinence. It also provides strategies that can be used to align them with the management levels.

Managing people ‘spiritually’: a Bourdieusian critique

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Kamoche ◽  
Ashly H Pinnington
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Human Resource Practices ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Critical Sociology ◽  
Organizational Spirituality ◽  
The Way

This article draws from Pierre Bourdieu’s critical sociology to examine how organizational spirituality is being framed as a new way to manage people. The article takes a critical look at the way much of the literature prescribes spiritual values with the subtext that human resource practices infused with spiritual values, inter alia, improve organizational performance. This article demonstrates how ‘symbolic violence’ provides an analytical tool to unravel the theoretical make-up of organizational spirituality. This critique posits that the ‘top-down’ approach to organizational spirituality relies on a Bourdieusian ‘cultural arbitrary’ and the ‘power of pedagogy’ to seek the active consent of organizational members. The article proceeds to identify the ideological underpinnings of this process, thus paving the way for new critical theorizing on organizational spirituality.

Explanation and Understanding in Animal Narratives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Herman
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Behaviors ◽  
Discourse Practices ◽  
Strategic Oscillation ◽  
Experimental Narrative ◽  
The Way

With chapter 6 having described the way norms for mental-state ascriptions operate in a top-down manner in discourse domains, chapter 7 explores how individual narratives can in turn have a bottom-up impact on the ascriptive norms circulating within particular domains. To this end, the chapter discusses how Thalia Field’s 2010 experimental narrative Bird Lovers, Backyard employs a strategic oscillation between two nomenclatures that can be used to profile nonhuman as well as human behaviors: (1) the register of action, which characterizes behavior in terms of motivations, goals, and projects; and (2) the register of events, which characterizes behavior in terms of caused movements that have duration in time and direction in space. In braiding together these two registers, Field’s text suggests not only how discourse practices can be repatterned, but also how such repatterning enables broader paradigm shifts—in this case shifts in ways of understanding cross-species encounters and entanglements.

scholarly journals Does the Marine Stewardship Council's Eco-labelling Scheme Require Sustainable Fisheries Management?: a Study of the Marine Stewardship Council's Objections Procedure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joseph Edlin
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Principal Agent ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Marine Stewardship Council ◽  
Labelling Scheme ◽  
The Way

<p>The Marine Stewardship Council eco-labelling scheme was formed in order to provide a means of promoting sustainable fisheries that moved away from conventional top-down management. In order to remain robust and transparent, MSC allows stakeholders to object to a certification through an objections process outlined by MSC. Over the past 15 years, this objections process has come under increasing scrutiny. The MSC OP has been accused of Ambiguous wording, principal agent issues and an unequal judicial process by some stakeholders and outside commentators. These accusations pose a real threat to the reputation of the MSC. If left un-addressed, MSC’s credibility amongst consumers and academics has the potential to be lost. This thesis seeks to investigate the legitimacy and robustness of the MSC OP. There is a focus on the way in which the MSC OP facilitates interactions between objection actors, influences actors, and how each actor is empowered by the MSC OP methodology.</p>

Local Infrastructures for Peace

2021 ◽  
pp. 626-640
Author(s):  
Andries Odendaal
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Local Agency ◽  
The Core ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Way

The way “the local” had been interpreted led to contrasting top-down or bottom-up understandings of local infrastructures for peace. This chapter presents a reinterpretation of the relevance of infrastructures for peace from a practitioner’s perspective, considering past experiences and current theoretical debates. It argues for an appreciation of the complex, interlinked nature of global, national, and local conflicts and the necessity of flexible yet sustained and productive dialogue platforms at the points of frictional interactions at and between all these levels. The capacity to initiate and support such dialogue platforms where, crucially, local agency is respected is at the core of the approach that became known as “infrastructures for peace.”

Competing Discourses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia da Costa Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Social Policies ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Inside Out ◽  
The Way

The chapter focuses on the way museums, historical areas, and iconic architecture become a key asset in the promotion of an urban identity and branding. The chapter examines the various facets of the Wonder Port project and its consequence for local residents. It studies more specifically the key role played by art in the production of conflicting and sometimes contradictory spatial imaginaries. The chapter shows the tensions between Rio Art Museum’s architecture and exhibits and community-based social and cultural projects such as Morrinho (Little Hill) and the Inside Out Morro da Providência project. It illustrates how top-down market-oriented social policies of displacement of long-time residents are put into question by favela-based cultural producers.

scholarly journals Independent Directors and Organizational Performance: New Evidence from A Meta-Analytic Regression Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7121
Author(s):  
Eugenio Zubeltzu-Jaka ◽  
Eduardo Ortas ◽  
Igor Álvarez-Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Corporate Financial Performance ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Financial Success ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Way

This study not only revisits, from a meta-analytic perspective, the influence of firms’ boardroom independence on corporate financial performance, but also addresses the way that countries’ social and institutional contexts moderate that connection. A meta-regression covering 126 independent samples reveals that firms’ boardroom independence has a positive and negative effect on accounting and market-based measures of corporate financial performance, respectively. Further analyses reveal that while the firms’ board independence-financial performance connection is stronger in non-communitarian societies, that relationship becomes weaker in countries with greater developed mechanisms to protect the interest of minority investors. These results are robust to different model specifications and to the presence of a set of methodological control variables. Our results are of outstanding relevance for companies’ board composition processes by suggesting the way that corporations should actively re-balance the proportion of independent directors across different social and institutional contexts to ensure their financial success.

e-Den goes down under

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Paul Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Education ◽  
Dental Education ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Self Directed Learning ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Directed Learning ◽  
The Way

Change is a constant in our profession, and we are familiar with this on a daily basis, as we constantly change how we practise. But consider how the way we learn and the very structure of our profession has changed in recent years. If I think back, I attended a traditional dental school and had, in my view, an excellent undergraduate education. Compare that top-down approach to the approach today, with its self-directed learning and student-led clinics – to give a couple of examples of a bottom-up model of providing effective dental education. The net result of this, in my view, is that today’s graduates are a little different in many respects, both when they graduate and in their long-term career ambitions.

scholarly journals Industrial Relations –An Islamic Approach

IIUC Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Nazamul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Industrial Relation ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The Way

Industrial relations (IR) have been found to have a significant impact on the organizational performance. Good industrial relation is the outcome of integrated and just efforts of employer, managers, workers, and state. Since Islam is a complete code of life, all Muslims must abide by the rules and regulations of Islam in developing and maintaining industrial relations. But lack of adequate Islamic guidelines regarding IR is one of the very important constraints to the way of practicing it from Islamic point of view in the Muslim world. So this study is an attempt to minimize the gap found therein. In this study some fundamental principles of Islamic IR are developed along with the specific roles of employers, managers, workers, and state from Islamic perspectives. If all parties perform their roles as per the guidelines of this study it is expected that each and every party would be benefited highly through developing good IR both here and here after. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v8i0.20402 IIUC Studies Vol.8 December 2011: 39-58

Engineering the Battlefield

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Ford
Keyword(s):  
British Army ◽  
Military Innovation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
User Experiences ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Way

This chapter is concerned with exploring the way that engineers sought to reframe and make sense of user experiences of battle. The chapter shows how Britain’s engineers tried to introduce an innovative design of assault rifle into the British Army. The arguments they developed in turn had a range of impacts on American engineers who were themselves going through a series of discussions on how to update rifle technology. In terms of military innovation, this represented neither top-down nor bottom-up innovation. Instead, we might describe the efforts of these engineers as middle-out innovation.

Diffusion of Development Journalism Inside Egyptian Newsrooms

2021 ◽  
pp. 194016122110400
Author(s):  
Rasha Allam ◽  
Ahmed El Gody
Keyword(s):  
Arab Spring ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
News Organizations ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Way

This study examines the boundaries and limitations of the diffusion of “development journalism” among both the editorial body and the journalist body in the Egyptian newsrooms after the 2011 Arab Spring. Newsrooms under study represent different perspectives including state-owned, private-independent, and opposition newspapers. Through in-depth interviews with thirty-seven editors in chief and journalists, the authors studied how the editors and journalists at each newspaper define development journalism, whether the diffusion of development journalism follows a top-down or bottom-up approach, and if development journalism could influence the setting of the news agenda. Results show that the differences are not only apparent in the way development journalism is defined inside the different news organizations, but also between managers and journalists within each. Organizational structures and technological developments are as well factors that affect the way development journalism is diffused inside newsrooms.

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