To Lie or Not to Lie

2017 ◽  
pp. 44-63
Author(s):  
Bevelyn Dube
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Face

New digital technologies have radically transformed the face of journalism in general and photo journalism in particular. These new technologies have not only made it easy for photo journalists to obtain images and to transmit them quickly to newsrooms and consumers across the globe, but they have also provided limitless opportunities for photo manipulation to take place, thus raising questions about the authenticity of those images. This has led to some scholars calling for the rethinking of media ethics to address these ethical dilemmas. This chapter, therefore, examines the codes of conduct for journalists in ten southern African countries to ascertain whether they have responded to this ethical dilemma brought in by the new digital technologies and if so, whether these responses give adequate guidance to journalists when called upon to make ethical decisions while processing photographs. The concepts of truth, reality and accuracy are also interrogated in the chapter. Findings revealed that most of the codes which do not make reference to photo manipulation are outdated and that those which do, are not comprehensive enough to give guidance to photo journalists.

To Lie or Not to Lie

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-197
Author(s):  
Bevelyn Dube
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Media Ethics ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Face

New digital technologies have radically transformed the face of journalism in general and photo journalism in particular. These new technologies have not only made it easy for photo journalists to obtain images and to transmit them quickly to newsrooms and consumers across the globe, but they have also provided limitless opportunities for photo manipulation to take place, thus raising questions about the authenticity of those images. This has led to some scholars calling for the rethinking of media ethics to address these ethical dilemmas. This chapter, therefore, examines the codes of conduct for journalists in ten southern African countries to ascertain whether they have responded to this ethical dilemma brought in by the new digital technologies and if so, whether these responses give adequate guidance to journalists when called upon to make ethical decisions while processing photographs. The concepts of truth, reality and accuracy are also interrogated in the chapter. Findings revealed that most of the codes which do not make reference to photo manipulation are outdated and that those which do, are not comprehensive enough to give guidance to photo journalists.

scholarly journals Por que, quando e como regular as novas tecnologias? Os desafios trazidos pelas inovações disruptivas

2016 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Patrícia Baptista ◽  
Clara Iglesias Keller
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Disruptive Innovations ◽  
The Face

<p>O texto discorre sobre algumas das principais discussões acerca da regulação estatal de novas tecnologias digitais disruptivas. Inovações disruptivas impõem aos Estados os desafios de decidir quando, por que e até onde regular, além da definição do melhor desenho regulatório para cada caso. Além das justificativas tradicionais para intervenção estatal, a regulação de novas tecnologias deve atuar especialmente para promover e preservar a inovação, assegurando a livre concorrência, condição para que a inovação ocorra. Nesse sentido, a regulação inicial de novas tecnologias deve se deter aos domínios da garantia da segurança do usuário e do respeito às liberdades fundamentais. Quanto ao momento de regular, verifica-se que, se a intervenção ocorrer logo que a nova tecnologia surge, pode se revelar prematura; se, por outro lado, aguardar a consolidação da inovação, pode ser tardia, especialmente diante da resistência à regulação do mercado já estabelecido (dilema de Collingridge). O desenho regulatório a ser adotado deve ser capaz de conjugar ferramentas de regulação forte e fraca que permitam a adaptação e o aprendizado diante de uma realidade velozmente mutável.</p><p> </p><p>The article discusses some of the key debates on the regulation of new disruptive digital technologies. Disruptive innovations face governments with the challenges of deciding when, why and how to regulate, as well as designing the best regulatory framework for each case. Besides the traditional justifications for state intervention, regulation of new technologies should serve especially to promote and preserve innovation while ensuring free competition, a requirement for innovation to occur. In this sense, the initial regulation of new technologies must be detained to the areas regarding the guarantee of user’s safety and the respect of fundamental freedoms. As to when to regulate, it appears that the intervention that occurs as soon as the new technology emerges may be proved premature; on the other hand, allowing the innovation’s stabilization may be proved delayed, especially in the face of a consolidated market’s resistance to regulation (Collingridge dilemma). The regulatory framework to be adopted should be able to combine stronger and weaker regulatory tools, allowing adaptation to and learning from a fast changing reality.</p>

Digital technologies in african agriculture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Gavrilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Agricultural Innovations ◽  
African Agriculture ◽  
Mobile Information Services ◽  
Sufficient Food

The inability of African states to provide sufficient food to their populations is due to low levels of agricultural productivity. To achieve food security, it is necessary to carry out agricultural transformation, i.e. a structural reform of the agricultural sector, which entails a widespread introduction and use of innovations. In some African countries, digital technologies are already being introduced, such as mobile information services for farmers, early warning systems for hunger or disasters, warehouse receipt systems, etc. The main reasons for the lack of implementation of agricultural innovations in Africa include scarce funding, the low educational level of producers, underdeveloped infrastructure, limited access to information about new technologies, etc.

scholarly journals When Commitments Conflict: Making Ethical Decisions Like a Funambulist

M n gement ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Jean Nizet ◽  
Pauline Fatien Diochon ◽  
Lakshmi Balachandran Nair
Keyword(s):  
Executive Coaching ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Critical Incident Technique ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Executive Coaches ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Way

Given the complexity of organizations, individuals nowadays are handling an increasing number of commitments. When these commitments come into conflict, they can turn into ethical dilemmas. However, little is known about how individuals make ethical decisions in the face of such conflicting commitments. We investigated this issue within the context of executive coaching, since coaches often interact with multiple stakeholders as part of their assignments. We conducted 37 semi-structured interviews using the critical incident technique, that is, by asking executive coaches to share a situation that was ethically challenging for them. Based on our study, we derive the metaphor of funambulism to depict how individuals make decisions in the case of conflicting commitments. By building on the systemic framework, we show that executive coaches manage an equilibrium ‘along the way’ through an emergent system of practices, which involves making adjustments that can maintain or restore their system’s equilibrium (i.e., compatibility between commitments). This contribution alludes to the dynamic and constructed nature of ethics.

scholarly journals How Important are Ethical Dilemmas to Potential Adopters of Autonomous Vehicles?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripat Gill
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Ethical Decisions ◽  
Machine Experiment

The Moral Machine Experiment (MME) reported large-scale public opinion about how AVs should make ethical decisions (e.g., how should AVs choose between protecting passengers vs. pedestrians if harm was unavoidable). But several academics and industry practitioners have decreed that such trolley-type dilemmas are essentially a distraction and should not be used as design inputs or for making policy about AVs. While both sides of this debate have speculated upon the usefulness of AV dilemmas, the opinion of the potential adopters has been ignored. In two studies it is found that people consider the AV ethical dilemma as significantly more important to address as compared to the other technical, legal, and ethical challenges facing AVs. This suggests that the skepticism about the MME and related approaches to gauge public opinion about AV ethics may be unwarranted.

Negotiating ethical dilemmas in research: to act or not to act in the face of the normalisation of gender injustice encountered in the research process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred Tambudzai Mushunje ◽  
Vishanthie Sewpaul
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Dilemma ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Logical Positivist ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
The Face

This article focuses on research conducted in relation to the gendered dynamics of access to, and utilisation of, agricultural inputs in the quest for women’s empowerment. The article focuses on the ethical dilemmas that arose during the course of the research in relation to the claim that scientific research, particularly of the logical-positivist tradition, should not cause disruption to people’s lives and that researchers must remain detached and neutral. This contrasts with the requisite of critical, emancipatory social research, which calls for using research for transformational purposes. Our original research, upon which this article is based, reflects that while participants were aware of gender-discriminatory practices in accessing and utilising agricultural inputs, they were unwilling to challenge naturalised discriminatory and oppressive cultural norms. The ethical dilemma was whether to leave the participants’ views and gendered practices unchallenged, or to adopt strategies of consciousness raising in an attempt to engender change.

Ethical Dilemmas in Utah’s Division of Services for People with Disabilities

Public Voices ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Kade R. Minchey
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Ethical Consideration ◽  
Ethical Decisions

The article describes daily ethical decisions required of social workers. It presents two cases that called for ethical consideration.

scholarly journals Tangibly understanding intangible complexities: Designing for distributed autonomous organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Nissen ◽  
Ella Tallyn ◽  
Kate Symons
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Systems ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Interactive Systems ◽  
Collaborative Practice ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Technologies ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract New digital technologies such as Blockchain and smart contracting are rapidly changing the face of value exchange, and present new opportunities and challenges for designers. Designers and data specialists are at the forefront of exploring new ways of exchanging value, using Blockchain, cryptocurrencies, smart contracting and the direct exchanges between things made possible by the Internet of Things (Tallyn et al. 2018; Pschetz et al. 2019). For researchers and designers in areas of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) and Interaction Design to better understand and explore the implications of these emerging and future technologies as Distributed Autonomous Organisations (DAOs) we delivered a workshop at the ACM conference Designing Interactive Systems (DIS) in Edinburgh in 2017 (Nissen et al. 2017). The workshop aimed to use the lens of DAOs to introduce the principle that products and services may soon be owned and managed collectively and not by one person or authority, thus challenging traditional concepts of ownership and power. This workshop builds on established HCI research exploring the role of technology in financial interactions and designing for the rapidly changing world of technology and value exchange (Kaye et al. 2014; Malmborg et al. 2015; Millen et al. 2015; Vines et al. 2014). Beyond this, the HCI community has started to explore these technologies beyond issues of finance, money and collaborative practice, focusing on the implications of these emerging but rapidly ascending distributed systems in more applied contexts (Elsden et al. 2018a). By bringing together designers and researchers with different experiences and knowledge of distributed systems, the aim of this workshop was two-fold. First, to further understand, develop and critique these new forms of distributed power and ownership and second, to practically explore how to design interactive products and services that enable, challenge or disrupt existing and emerging models.

Innovationsmotor Medientechnik – Von der Schreibmaschine zur «Mittleren Datentechnik» bei der Siemag Feinmechanische Werke (1950 bis 1969)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-117
Author(s):  
Christian Henrich-Franke
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Family Enterprise ◽  
The Us ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract The second half of the 20th century is commonly considered to be a time in which German companies lost their innovative strength, while promising new technologies presented an enormous potential for innovation in the US. The fact that German companies were quite successful in the production of medium data technology and had considerable influence on the development of electronic data processing was neglected by business and media historians alike until now. The article analyses the Siemag Feinmechanische Werke (Eiserfeld) as one of the most important producers of the predecessors to said medium data technologies in the 1950s and 1960s. Two transformation processes regarding the media – from mechanic to semiconductor and from semiconductor to all-electronic technology – are highlighted in particular. It poses the question of how and why a middling family enterprise such as Siemag was able to rise to being the leading provider for medium data processing office computers despite lacking expertise in the field of electrical engineering while also facing difficult location conditions. The article shows that Siemag successfully turned from its roots in heavy industry towards the production of innovative high technology devices. This development stems from the company’s strategic decisions. As long as their products were not mass-produced, a medium-sized family business like Siemag could hold its own on the market through clever decision-making which relied on flexible specialization, targeted license and patent cooperation as well as innovative products, even in the face of adverse conditions. Only in the second half of the 1960s, as profit margins dropped due to increasing sales figures and office machines had finally transformed into office computers, Siemag was forced to enter cooperation with Philips in order to broaden its spectrum and merge the production site in Eiserfeld into a larger business complex.

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