Role of Microbial Cultures and Enzymes During Cheese Production and Ripening

2018 ◽  
pp. 182-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şebnem Öztürkoğlu Budak ◽  
Celalettin Koçak ◽  
Peter A. Bron ◽  
Ronald P. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Cheese Ripening ◽  
Microbial Cultures ◽  
Milk Fermentation ◽  
End Products ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Cheese Production

Many different kinds of cultures, enzymes, and methods are used during the production and ripening of a variety of cheese types. In this chapter, the importance, types, and applications of microbial cultures during cheese production are discussed. Moreover, an overview of the important role of enzymatic systems, either derived from these cultures or directly added to the milk fermentation, is presented. The main biochemical events including glycolysis, lipolysis, and proteolysis during cheese ripening are explained, focusing on their end products, which contribute to the development of the overall aroma of cheese.

scholarly journals Hyperactivated RAGE in Comorbidities as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19—The Role of RAGE-RAS Crosstalk

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Sara Chiappalupi ◽  
Laura Salvadori ◽  
Rosario Donato ◽  
Francesca Riuzzi ◽  
Guglielmo Sorci
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Molecular Target ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The receptor for advanced glycation-end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor with a role in inflammatory and pulmonary pathologies. Hyperactivation of RAGE by its ligands has been reported to sustain inflammation and oxidative stress in common comorbidities of severe COVID-19. RAGE is essential to the deleterious effects of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which participates in infection and multiorgan injury in COVID-19 patients. Thus, RAGE might be a major player in severe COVID-19, and appears to be a useful therapeutic molecular target in infections by SARS-CoV-2. The role of RAGE gene polymorphisms in predisposing patients to severe COVID-19 is discussed. 

scholarly journals Structural studies on M. tuberculosis O6-methylguanine methyltransferase

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C832-C832
Author(s):  
Menico Rizzi ◽  
Riccardo Miggiano ◽  
Samarpita Lahiri ◽  
Giuseppe Perugino ◽  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excision Repair ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Nucleotide Excision ◽  
Enzymatic Systems ◽  
Methylguanine Methyltransferase ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Wild Type Form

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an extremely well adapted human pathogen capable to survive for decades inside the hostile environment represented by the host's infected macrophages despite exposure to multiple potential DNA-damaging stresses. In order to maintain a remarkable low level of genetic diversity, MTB deploys different strategies of DNA repair, including multi-enzymatic systems, such as Nucleotide Excision Repair, and single-step repair. In particular, to counteract the mutagenic effects of DNA alkylation, MTB performs the direct alkylated-base reversal by sacrificing one molecule of a DNA-protein alkyltransferase, such as O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (OGT; orf: Rv1316c). We present here the biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant mycobacterial OGT (MtOGT) in its wild-type form along with its mutated variants mimicking the ones occurring in relevant clinical strains (i.e. MtOGT-T15S and MtOGT-R37L). Our studies reveal that MtOGT-R37L is severely impaired in its activity as consequence of its ten-fold lower affinity for modified double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) (1). Further investigations on a new structure-based panel of OGT versions, designed to explore different molecular environment at position 37, allowed us a better understanding of the functional role of the MtOGT Arg37-bearing loop during catalysis. Moreover, we solved the crystal structure of MtOGT in covalent complex with modified dsDNA that reveals an unprecedented MtOGT::DNA architecture, suggesting that the MtOGT monomer performing the catalysis needs assisting unreacted subunits during cooperative DNA binding. This work is supported by European Community FP7 program SYSTEMTB (Health-F4-2010-241587)

scholarly journals Role of advanced glycation end products in cellular signaling

Redox Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 411-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Ott ◽  
Kathleen Jacobs ◽  
Elisa Haucke ◽  
Anne Navarrete Santos ◽  
Tilman Grune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Cellular Signaling ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

scholarly journals The Role of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Milk Fermentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yantyati Widyastuti ◽  
Rohmatussolihat   ◽  
Andi Febrisiantosa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Milk Fermentation
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