Bahraini Women's Voices in the Boardroom

2019 ◽  
pp. 336-350
Author(s):  
Amna Hameed Jafaar ◽  
Maryam Yousif Juma ◽  
Jafaar Mohmed Habib ◽  
Abdalmuttaleb M. A. Musleh Al-Sartawi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Western Country ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Gender Perspectives ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
Traditional Roles

Why should boards appoint members who are women? Do women contribute positively to the effectiveness of the board? Or, are they just appointed to boost the firm's image of fulfilling their quota? In recent years, board gender diversity has become an important issue around the world, where studies show that the inclusion of female directors is positively related to their financial performance of firms, their organizational effectiveness, and corporate governance. By applying gender perspectives to the boardrooms, new dimensions, knowledge, abilities, and experience are brought to the table. This chapter offers a contribution to the literature review by extending the studies on corporate governance and gender diversity as well as shedding the light on this relationship in the context of a non-western country, Bahrain, where women must abide by the traditional roles they play in the society. However, contradictory to expectations, the results indicate the number of females on the board has a negative relationship with firm performance, especially with return on assets (ROA).

scholarly journals Corporate governance and dividend pay-out policy in UK listed SMEs

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H. Elmagrhi ◽  
Collins G. Ntim ◽  
Richard M. Crossley ◽  
John K. Malagila ◽  
Samuel Fosu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Corporate Board ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
Alternative Investment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which corporate board characteristics influence the level of dividend pay-out ratio using a sample of UK small- and medium-sized enterprises from 2010 to 2013 listed on the Alternative Investment Market. Design/methodology/approach The data are analysed by employing multivariate regression techniques, including estimating fixed effects, lagged effects and two-stage least squares regressions. Findings The results show that board size, the frequency of board meetings, board gender diversity and audit committee size have a significant relationship with the level of dividend pay-out. Audit committee size and board size have a positive association with the level of dividend pay-out, whilst the frequency of board meetings and board gender diversity have a significant negative relationship with the level of dividend pay-out. By contrast, the findings suggest that board independence and CEO role duality do not have any significant effect on the level of dividend pay-out. Originality/value This is one of the first attempts at examining the relationship between corporate governance and dividend policy in the UK’s Alternative Investment Market, with the analysis distinctively informed by agency theoretical insights drawn from the outcome and substitution hypotheses.

Does board gender diversity affect the transparency of corporate political disclosure?

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. DeBoskey ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Jeff Wang
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Contributions ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Board Gender Diversity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of board gender diversity on the transparency of corporate political disclosure (CPD). Design/methodology/approach Two empirical proxies, CPD transparency and policy transparency, are constructed from a data set jointly produced by the Center of Political Activity and the Carol and Lawrence Zicklin Center for Business Ethics Research. The CPD transparency score measures the level of transparency in voluntary corporate disclosure of the amount of political contributions and the identity of the recipients as well as the titles and names of the executives who authorize the political spending. The policy transparency score measures the level of transparency in the voluntary disclosure of the policies governing corporate political spending. Board gender diversity is measured by the percentage of women on the board of directors. Findings Higher proportions of female directors are associated with more transparent disclosure of political contributions after controlling for a set of corporate governance and firm-level variables. Originality/value This study is the first to examine whether and how gender-diversified boards enhance the transparency of CPD. It contributes to the literature by providing evidence that gender-diversified boards enhance corporate governance.

The role of national culture in the impact of board gender diversity on firm performance: evidence from a multi-country study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navaz Naghavi ◽  
Saeed Pahlevan Sharif ◽  
Hafezali Bin Iqbal Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Corporate Governance Structure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis study seeks to add more insights to the debate on “whether”, “how”, and “under which condition” women representation on the board contributes to firm performance. More specifically, the current study aims to investigate if the effect of board gender diversity on firm performance is dependent on macro factors of national cultures.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used the generalized method of moments regression and a data set consists of 2,550 company year observations over 10 years.FindingsThe results indicated that cultural variables interact with board diversity to influence firm performance. Having women on the board in countries with high power distance, individualist, masculine and low-uncertainty avoidance culture influences the firm performance negatively.Originality/valueThe findings indicate that the effects of corporate governance structure on firm performance depends on culture-specific factors, providing support for the argument that institutional norms that are governed by cultural norms affect the effectiveness of corporate governance structure.

scholarly journals Board gender diversity and environmental, social and governance performance of US banks: moderating role of environmental, social and corporate governance controversies

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hassan Shakil ◽  
Mashiyat Tasnia ◽  
Md Imtiaz Mostafiz
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Board Gender Diversity

PurposeGender diversity in corporate boards is broadly studied in existing corporate governance literature. However, the role of board gender diversity on environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance of the banks is still unaccounted for. Drawing on resource dependence and legitimacy theory, this study addresses this pressing research issue. Moreover, investigation of ESG controversies as a moderator paves the existing corporate governance research to the new avenues.Design/methodology/approachData were sourced from Refinitiv database on 37 US banks from the period of 2013 to 2017. This study employs static and dynamic panel regression models that include random effects, fixed effects and dynamic generalised method of moments (GMMs) to test the hypotheses. Furthermore, system GMM is used to reduce the issue of endogeneity, measurement error, omitted variables bias and bank-specific heterogeneity.FindingsWe identify a significant positive relationship between board gender diversity and the ESG performance of US banks. However, the result propounds non-significant moderating effect of ESG controversies on the board gender diversity–ESG performance nexus.Originality/valueLiterature on board gender diversity and ESG separately and predominantly explains firm/bank's financial performance. This study is one of the pioneering attempts to explain the role of board gender diversity on ESG performance. Although incremental, however, this study also contributes to the literature on ESG in the US context.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance and the Earnings Quality of Nigerian Firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Festus Oladipupo Olaoye ◽  
Ademola Adeniran Adewumi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Board Size ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Impact

The focus of the study is to examine the impact of corporate governance on earnings quality in listed firms in Nigeria. The specific objective is to investigate the effect of board size, board independence and board gender diversity on earnings quality. This study was carried out with secondary data retrieved from corporate annual reports of the sampled companies and the data was analysed using panel regression on a sample of 37 quoted manufacturing companies for the period 2011-2017. On the overall, the result reveals that Board size, board independence and board gender diversity used for measuring corporate governance show significant impact on earnings quality. In addition, corporate governance variables appear to be quite sensitive to the measure of earnings quality used. Based on the findings, the study recommends the need for comprehensive evaluation of corporate governance systems of companies. The study recommends the need for more level of board independence. The diversity issue though is gaining momentum in corporate governance literature can still be regarded as not as dominant as compared to others especially as it relates to protecting shareholder rights and framing dividend policy. The significance of the variable nevertheless suggests that companies should thrive to achieve an appropriate diversity mix.

Getting Women on Board: Some Reflections on Research on Board Gender Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Kris Hardies ◽  
Diane Breesch
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Broad Overview

Al-Shaer and Harakehn (2020) and Lopatta et al. (2020) study different aspects of the relationship between board gender diversity and corporate outcomes, respectively executive compensation and non-financial performance. In this discussion, we offer a broad overview of the main results of both studies, provide some points of discussion in relationship to these specific studies, and elaborate on a number of additional points that link the current studies to the broader literature on board gender diversity and gender research in accounting more generally. We conclude with some suggestions for future research.

Board gender diversity, corporate governance, and earnings management

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlan Orazalin
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Board Gender Diversity

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether board gender diversity and other board characteristics affect earnings management practices of top public companies in Kazakhstan. Design/methodology/approach The study analyzes data of top public companies for the period 2010-2016. Data on corporate governance were manually collected from annual reports and investment memorandums, and financial data were collected from audited financial statements. Findings The empirical results show that companies with greater board gender diversity are more effective in constraining earnings management. The findings also indicate that companies with larger boards adopt a more restrained approach to earnings management practices, thus supporting the theoretical framework of the study. However, the results provide weak evidence of the association between board independence and earnings quality. Originality/value This study is the first to investigate the relationship between gender diversity and earnings management in emerging markets such as Kazakhstan that offers managerial and policy implications.

A social capital view of women on boards and their impact on firm performance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Oldford ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Ashrafee Tanvir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Board Gender Diversity

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to leverage a two-sided view of social capital to develop a model of board gender diversity and firm performance using social capital data from Northeast Regional Center of Rural Development.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine a large sample of 2,322 US publicly listed firms over the period 1996 to 2009. The final sample consists of 14,634 firm-year observations.FindingsThe authors find that when a firm's social network is not supportive of gender diversity, corporate boards have lower levels of female representation. The strength of a social network's social ties exacerbates the relationship between social capital and board gender diversity. The authors also report a negative relationship between female board membership and firm performance in social networks that are not pro-diversity. Robustness tests reveal that the authors’ social capital view of board diversity also applies to board ethnic diversity.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses primarily on blue chip firms due to data constraints. It will be interesting for future researchers to investigate a broader spectrum of firms from a broader perspective of diversity beyond the study’s gender and ethnicity findings. Furthermore, this study assesses the US context, and future research could investigate firm sociability in other national contexts.Practical implicationsThis study contributes new insights to the discourse on gender diversity on corporate boards which stand to inform both policy and practice. The results of the study can inform the position of an industry association on board gender diversity, with guidance on how messaging across networks can be more effective should it account for the hidden bias that the authors uncover in the current study. From a manager's perspective, this study can help those managers and boards trying to enhance board gender diversity by providing a more complete understanding of the factors that can limit progress.Originality/valueThis study contributes a social capital view of board gender diversity to the growing literature of corporate governance, board diversity and local environmental influences on corporate policies.

scholarly journals BANKRUPTCY PREDICTION: SMES IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Juraini Zainol Abidin ◽  
Nur Adiana Hiau Abdullah ◽  
Karren Lee-Hwei Khaw
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Bankruptcy Prediction ◽  
Ownership Concentration ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Firm Age ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Bankruptcy Risk ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

The objectives of this study are to predict bankruptcy risk among SMEs in the hospitality industry for a three-year horizon period and to investigate the factors that are significant in determining bankruptcy. The contribution of SMEs in the hospitality industry is essential as businesses in the hospitality industry are dominated by SME operators. However, the failure rate among SMEs is relatively high and almost 50 percent of hospitality establishments do not survive beyond five years of operation. The Stepwise logistic model was employed to determine significant predictors that could predict bankruptcy for the period of one year, two years and three years before bankruptcy. Return on assets and firm age were found to be significant in all periods while other variables were identified to be important at a specific period prior to bankruptcy. In addition to return on assets and firm age, debt ratio and total assets turnover were found to be significant predictors of bankruptcy one-year prior to bankruptcy. However, in the two years prior to bankruptcy, debt ratio and total assets turnover were no longer important but current ratio, ownership concentration and gender diversity were found to be significant. As for the three years prior to bankruptcy, additional variables namely debt-to-equity ratio and board size were found to be significant, but ownership concentration and gender diversity ceased to be important. The findings of this study contribute to the limited literature in predicting the bankruptcy risk of small firms for a three-year horizon period by providing empirical evidence from SMEs in the hospitality industry of Malaysia.

scholarly journals Effect Of Good Corporate Governance On Company Profitability RE & Property Sector In Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azmy, Dea Restiya Anggreini, Mohammad Hamim
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
The Board Of Directors

This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on company profitability. The dependent variable are Return On Assets (ROA) and Return On Equity (ROE). The independent variable are Good Corporate Governance (GCG) represented by the Board of Commissioners, the Board of Directors, and the Audit Committee. This study uses secondary data from audited financial statements of Real Estate and Property companies in 2013-2017. The analytical tool used in this study uses panel data regression. Based on the results of the study it is known that the Board of Directors and Audit Committee variables have a significant positive effect on ROA and ROE. The Board of Commissioners variable has no influence and negative relationship to ROA and ROE.

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