GIME

2011 ◽  
pp. 110-132
Author(s):  
We Shinn Ku ◽  
Roger Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Web Services ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Geotechnical Data ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard ◽  
Geotechnical Information ◽  
Critical Interest

We present an information architecture using Web services for exchanging and utilizing geotechnical information, which is of critical interest to a large number of municipal, state and federal agencies as well as private enterprises involved with civil infrastructures. For example, in the case of soil liquefaction hazard assessment, insurance companies rely on the availability of geotechnical data for evaluating potential earthquake risks and consequent insurance premiums. The exchange of geotechnical information is currently hampered by a lack of a common data format and service infrastructure. We propose an infrastructure of Web services, which handles geotechnical data via an XML format. Hereafter we report on the design and some initial experiences.

scholarly journals Hearing Aid Reimbursement: A Discussion of Influencing Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 055-067
Author(s):  
Robert C. Fifer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Charge Model ◽  
Business Component ◽  
Dollar Amount ◽  
The Cost

AbstractReimbursement for hearing aids in the present time has become as complicated, if not more so, than any other area of health care. For many years, hearing aids were a noncovered item where insurance was concerned. The predominant model of bundling costs into a single dollar amount was copied decades ago from hearing instrument specialists. However, insurance companies and federal agencies are increasingly covering the cost of the diagnostic hearing evaluation and at least some of the costs associated with hearing aid purchases. One operational question is whether the bundled charge model is still appropriate, or should audiologists follow more closely the example of optometry whereby professional services are charged separately from the cost of goods sold? The models that have evolved constitute a broad mixture of bundling, partial bundling (i.e., partial unbundling), and complete unbundling. There exists no uniformity for which charge method is best. But, with greater frequency, insurance requirements are forcing a movement toward partial or complete unbundling of associated costs. Regardless of which charge model is adopted, calculation of the cost of service delivery for each audiology practice is an essential business component to justify charges and make educated decisions regarding participation in various insurance, cooperative, or network plans.

scholarly journals PROTECTION EFFECTS OF BURIED STRUCTURES FROM SOIL LIQUEFACTION HAZARD BY MEANS OF CUTOFF WALLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Nobuhiko HAMADA ◽  
Shigeru GOTO ◽  
Hideyuki MANO ◽  
Yuzo OHNISHI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Buried Structures ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard ◽  
Cutoff Walls

scholarly journals Introduction and Application of a Simple Probabilistic Liquefaction Hazard Analysis Program: HAZ45PL Module

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jui-Ching Chou ◽  
Pao-Shan Hsieh ◽  
Po-Shen Lin ◽  
Yin-Tung Yen ◽  
Yu-Hsi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Probability Map ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard ◽  
Potential Map ◽  
The Government

The 2016 Meinong Earthquake hit southern Taiwan and many shallow foundation structures were damaged due to soil liquefaction. In response, the government initiated an investigation project to construct liquefaction potential maps for metropolitans in Taiwan. These maps were used for the preliminary safety assessment of infrastructures or buildings. However, the constructed liquefaction potential map used the pseudo-probabilistic approach, which has inconsistent return period. To solve the inconsistency, the probabilistic liquefaction hazard analysis (PLHA) was introduced. However, due to its complicated calculation procedure, PLHA is not easy and convenient for engineers to use without a specialized program, such as in Taiwan. Therefore, PLHA is not a popular liquefaction evaluation procedure in practice. This study presents a simple PLHA program, HAZ45PL Module, customized for Taiwan. Sites in Tainan City and Yuanlin City are evaluated using the HAZ45PL Module to obtain the hazard curve and to construct the liquefaction probability map. The liquefaction probability map provides probabilities of different liquefaction potential levels for engineers or owners to assess the performance of an infrastructure or to design a mitigation plan.

scholarly journals Exposure and loss assessment of soil liquefaction in coastal area of Kulon Progo, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Ghiffari Rizki ◽  
Rachmawati Rini ◽  
Rijanta Raden
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Susceptibility Map ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard ◽  
Study Results

Soil Liquefaction is a phenomenon of loss of strength of the granural soil layers due to increased pore water stress caused by earthquake shocks. Soil liquefaction can cause material and life damage if occurs in the developed area. Kulon Progo Regency based on the Atlas of Liquefaction Susceptibility Zones in 2019, has high susceptibility zones, which has the potential for flow liquefaction, lateral spreading, vertical displacement, and sand boil. This study aims to assess the exposure and loss index in liquefaction hazard zone based on the characteristics of land use and social demographic. The exposure index is obtained from overlaying between susceptibility map and liquefaction exposure variables, when the loss assessment is done by simulating the losses in several earthquake moment magnitude scenarios. Study results show that high exposure surrounding the residential zone in the south of the Wates Urban Area and the construction location of the Yogyakarta International Airport. There are settlement areas potentially affected by lateral spreading in Glagah, Karangwuni, Banaran, and Karangsewu Villages. While the results of the loss assessment show that transport infrastructure and residential buildings are the most affected objects when liquefaction phenomena occur due to the earthquake. Managing the expansion of settlement area through zoning regulation and technical engineering approach is needed to reduce losses due to future liquefaction phenomenon.

scholarly journals Liquefaction hazard assessment and ground failure probability analysis in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandip Subedi ◽  
Indra Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Scenario Earthquakes ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard

AbstractDuring the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake (Mw7.8), extensive soil liquefaction was observed across the Kathmandu Valley. As a densely populated urban settlement, the assessment of liquefaction potential of the valley is crucial especially for ensuring the safety of engineering structures. In this study, we use borehole data including SPT-N values of 410 locations in the valley to assess the susceptibility, hazard, and risk of liquefaction of the valley soil considering three likely-to-recur scenario earthquakes. Some of the existing and frequently used analysis and computation methods are employed for the assessments, and the obtained results are presented in the form of liquefaction hazard maps indicating factor of safety, liquefaction potential index, and probability of ground failure (PG). The assessment results reveal that most of the areas have medium to very high liquefaction susceptibility, and that the central and southern parts of the valley are more susceptible to liquefaction and are at greater risk of liquefaction damage than the northern parts. The assessment outcomes are validated with the field manifestations during the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. The target SPT-N values (Nimproved) at potentially liquefiable areas are determined using back analysis to ascertain no liquefaction during the aforesaid three scenario earthquakes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document