Ergonomics of Very Large IT Projects

2009 ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Matthew Guah
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Task Design ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
It Projects ◽  
Communication Interface ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Multiple Breakdown

Medical accidents, such as those that occur as a consequence of errors in medical systems, rarely happen because of a single failure. They are usually the consequence of a multiple breakdown in the system. This chapter explores the potential for risk and, demonstrates the need to improve design interventions in a VLITP context. It considers issues that range from the design, packaging and labelling of VLITP environment in which medical systems error might occur. The ergonomics systems approach to VLITP is an appropriate method for involving all key users and for addressing their needs. This requires generic issues to be considered. Such issues include: task design, interface analysis, communication interface, variation in user characteristics, and needs (including motivation and culture), training needs, work organizational issues, and the evaluation of interventions and current practice.

Systems and Control Theory for Medical Systems Biology

2009 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Peter Wellstead ◽  
Sree Sreenath ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

In this chapter the authors describe systems and control theory concepts for systems biology and the corresponding implications for medicine. The context for a systems approach to the life sciences is outlined, followed by a brief history of systems and control theory. The technical aspects of systems and control theory are then described in a way oriented toward their biological and medical application. This description is then used as a reference base against which to indicate specific areas where systems and control theory aspects of systems biology have strong medical implications. Specifically, two systems biology projects are described as examples of where methods from systems and control theory play an important role.

scholarly journals Lepas Mentioned Under Ritucharya–A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Anumol. K ◽  
K. Midhuna Mohan ◽  
Sujata.P. Dhoke ◽  
K. Nishanth ◽  
A.J.V.Sai Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Health Prevention ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Application Mode ◽  
Different Seasons

Ayurveda is the science that provides knowledge about life and longevity. It is one of the traditional medical systems which are very close to nature. Ayurvedahas two objectives:-alleviation of disorders in the diseased and maintenance of health. Prevention of diseases is one of the main principles of Ayurveda. Various healthy regimens, which people had practised once, are not in current practice and they are deflecting from nature leading to many lifestyle disorders. Skin, being largest organ, is exposed to various environmental factors like heat, sunlight, humidity etc plays a pivot role in protection and maintenance of health. According to Ayurveda, skin is Sparshanendriya Adhisthana (responsible for tactile sensation) and has the dominancy of Vata dosha.The prevalence of skin disease in general population in India varies from 10 to 12%.Skin disease the fourth leading cause of non-fatal disease burden worldwide. Ritucharya describes the guidelines about the dietary and behavioural regimen which should be adopted in different seasons. Lepas are those formulations meant for topical application. Based on their site of application, mode of application etc Lepas areclassified in many ways. This review elaborately describes Lepas mentioned in Ayurvedic classical texts with special reference to seasons.

A System Approach to Safety

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (03) ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Alan S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Offshore Drilling ◽  
Improve Design ◽  
Drilling Rig

This article presents results of a report that was undertaken to study system approach to offshore drilling safety. The study was conducted by the National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council, and led by former Navy Secretary Donald Winter, now a professor of engineering at the University of Michigan. The report’s systems approach for hardware would include better risk assessment, improved design guidelines, more realistic testing and modeling, and an enhanced systems-level understanding of offshore drilling equipment. The committee drew its recommendations from an analysis of the Macondo Well blowout, which destroyed the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on April 20, 2010. The panel called for more instrumentation and computer-based expert decision aids for emergency warnings, as well as autonomous systems to shut down wells in emergencies. The committee recommended that operating companies be held responsible and accountable for well safety and integrity. The report recommended expanded safety R&D to improve design, testing, modeling, risk assessment, safety culture, and systems integration. It also supported educating and training personnel to implement system safety.

scholarly journals Exploring the factors associated with expert systems success

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tor Guimaraes ◽  
Youngohc Yoon ◽  
Quinton O’Neal
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
End User ◽  
Implementation Success ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
People Skills

As the widespread use and company dependency on Expert Systems increase, so does the need to assess their value and to ensure implementation success. This study identified and empirically tested eight major variables proposed in the literature as determinants of ES success, in this case measured in terms of user satisfaction. IBM's Corporate Manufacturing Expert Systems Project Center collected information from 69 project managers to support the study. The results clearly support the hypothesized relationships and suggest the need for ES project managers to pay special attention to these determinants of ES implementation success. ES success is directly related to the quality of developers and of the ES shells used, end-user characteristics and degree of user involvement in ES development, as each has been defined in this study. For exploratory purposes, the component items for each of these major variables were correlated with the components of user satisfaction. Based on the results, several recommendations are proposed for ES project managers to enhance the likelihood of project success, including: adding problem difficulty as a criterion for ES application selection; increasing ES developer training to improve their people skills, ability to model and to use a systems approach in solving business problems; shaping end-user attitudes and expectations regarding ES; improving the selection of domain experts; more thoroughly understanding the ES impact on end-user jobs; restricting the acquisition of ES shells based on a proposed set of criteria; and ensuring a proper match of ES development techniques and tools to the business problem at hand.

scholarly journals SYSTEMS APPROACHES TO HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS DESIGN AND CARE DELIVERY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2941-2950
Author(s):  
Alexander Komashie ◽  
Saba Hinrichs-Krapels ◽  
P. John Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Systems Approaches ◽  
Service Outcomes

AbstractThe healthcare sector is facing significant challenges that require a systems approach, resulting in a rapid growth in the application of systems approaches in healthcare since the beginning of the 21st century. Consequently, healthcare practitioners and policymakers now desire to understand the evidence-base for the approach, but little evidence of the kind desired exists. This paper is a first step in conducting a narrative review of the application of systems approaches in healthcare based on a systematic review of the academic and grey literature. First, the emergence of the approach in healthcare is explored. Second, specific examples of applications of systems approaches in healthcare are examined to identify any missing elements in current practice. Third, fourteen reviews of the approach in healthcare published in the last ten years are analysed. The results suggest that the use of the approach in healthcare will most likely continue to increase, however, significant work remains for the design and systems community to demonstrate the effectiveness of systems approaches, specifically in providing convincing measures of impact on patient and service outcomes.

Economic security of economic entities: Theory and the current practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1970-1983
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaldaeva ◽  
A.A. Kilyachkov
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
A Company

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the safety of a business entity's activities. Objectives. The article aims to determine the position of the security service of a company in its business processes and the specifics of its implementation in the Russian business environment. Methods. For the study, we used a systems approach and comparison. Results. The article says that in the conditions of steady-increasing complexity of production processes, the security service functionality should be expanded not through an increase in the number of its employees only, but through involving specialists of the company's business units to perform certain functions that ensure the company's safety, as well. Conclusions. All employees of the company should be concerned about and deal with the issues of economic security in terms of their professional activities and the work they perform. They also should be able to act in crisis situations.

Adopting the Process View

2011 ◽  
pp. 162-183
Author(s):  
Anthony Bryant ◽  
Veena Syan
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Soft Systems ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
The Uk ◽  
It Application ◽  
Organizational Preparedness

This case study focuses on the operation of an adoption agency in the UK, illustrating the issues involved in a small, not-for-profit organization seeking to respond to the pressures to streamline and automate its routines and procedures. It illustrates the limitations of inadequately planned IT-centered initiatives, and how such strategies can be redeemed by process-oriented methods specifically those derived from a combined BPR and soft systems approach. It also exemplifies the critical importance of organizational issues and the constraints they impose on effective implementation of IT. The methods involved demonstrate the strengths and limitations of a business process orientation, and show how BPR can be applied to an organization where professionals, employees and volunteers work together and coordinate their activities. The overall conclusions to the case point to ways in which the organizations processes can be improved and aligned; placing it in a far better position to take advantage of IT and associated technologies, both within the organization and with regard to its main sources of support and collaboration. As such it is a case study in organizational preparedness for IT rather than a straightforward study of an IT application.

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