Giving and Taking Offence in a Global Context

2011 ◽  
pp. 273-284
Author(s):  
John Weckert
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Global Context

This chapter examines the concept of offence, both its giving and taking, and argues that such an examination can shed some light on global ethical issues. It examines the nature of offence, what, if anything, is wrong in giving offence, the obligations on the offended, whether or not offence is objective, and offence in a global setting. It argues for the view that choice and context provide some way of distinguishing between offence which is a serious moral issue and that which is not. It is morally worse to offend those who have no choice in the area of the offence, for example race, than in areas where there is choice. Intermediate cases such as religious belief, choice depends largely on education and exposure to alternatives. Context is important in that offending the vulnerable is morally worse than offending those in more powerful, or privileged groups.

Giving and Taking Offence in a Global Context

2009 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
John Weckert
Keyword(s):  
Religious Belief ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Global Context

This article examines the concept of offence, both its giving and taking, and argues that such an examination can shed some light on global ethical issues. It examines the nature of offence, what, if anything, is wrong in giving offence, the obligations on the offended, whether or not offence is objective, and offence in a global setting. It argues for the view that choice and context provide some way of distinguishing between offence which is a serious moral issue and that which is not. It is morally worse to offend those who have no choice in the area of the offence, for example race, than in areas where there is choice. Intermediate cases such as religious belief, choice depends largely on education and exposure to alternatives. Context is important in that offending the vulnerable is morally worse than offending those in more powerful, or privileged groups.

scholarly journals Everything You Do: Young Adult Fiction and Surveillance in an Age of Security

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Mallan
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Young Adult Fiction ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Article 5

Espionage, surveillance and clandestine operations by secret agencies and governments were something of an East–West obsession in the second half of the twentieth century, a fact reflected in literature and film. In the twenty-first century, concerns of the Cold War and the threat of Communism have been rearticulated in the wake of 9/11. Under the rubric of ‘terror’ attacks, the discourses of security and surveillance are now framed within an increasingly global context. As this article illustrates, surveillance fiction written for young people engages with the cultural and political tropes that reflect a new social order that is different from the Cold War era, with its emphasis on spies, counter espionage, brainwashing and psychological warfare. While these tropes are still evident in much recent literature, advances in technology have transformed the means of tracking, profiling and accumulating data on individuals’ daily activities. Little Brother, The Hunger Games and Article 5 reflect the complex relationship between the real and the imaginary in the world of surveillance and, as this paper discusses, raise moral and ethical issues that are important questions for young people in our age of security.

Ethical Challenges in Contemporary FASD Research and Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
NINA DI PIETRO ◽  
JANTINA DE VRIES ◽  
ANGELINA PAOLOZZA ◽  
DOROTHY REID ◽  
JAMES N. REYNOLDS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum

Abstract:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is increasingly recognized as a growing public health issue worldwide. Although more research is needed on both the diagnosis and treatment of FASD, and a broader and more culturally diverse range of services are needed to support those who suffer from FASD and their families, both research and practice for FASD raise significant ethical issues. In response, from the point of view of both research and clinical neuroethics, we provide a framework that emphasizes the need to maximize benefits and minimize harm, promote justice, and foster respect for persons within a global context.

scholarly journals On Algorithmic Opacity and Moral Certainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Litvinski
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Virtue Ethic ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Moral Issue ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Certainty

In modern society, algorithms play an important role in social and cultural realms, in political and economic spheres. In spite of algorithmic pervasiveness in many areas and wide diffusion in digital life, algorithmic opacity is still poorly understood compared to other ethical issues (e.g., fairness, accountability, and transparency). In this essay, we try to elucidate the relation between algorithmic opacity and moral certainty from the individualistic standpoint and through the virtue ethic perspective. For doing so, we follow hermeneutic tradition and rely on interpretation of recent authors and impactful papers. We summarize our argument as follows: if the algorithm is understood as the combination of rules and numbers we create for simplifying our lives and sharing with others, then our present activities and future actions as imagined, realized or missed, ascertain if algorithmic opacity become a moral issue or problem for us and others. Among the implications, we emphasize that sometime dormant and hard to anticipate, algorithmic opacity becomes an apparent during executions, deployments and prolonged uses of algorithmic systems. Moreover, our lived experience and disharmony between our unrealized expectations and unanticipated algorithmic behavior may lead to moral issues and problems for us and others. Overall, algorithmic opacity may constantly evade the formalization efforts (e.g., outlining as guidelines, principles) or quantification exercises (e.g., assigning numerical values to symbols or signs), both of which are essentially social practices.

Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Community-Based Intervention Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-134
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Kegler ◽  
Steven S. Coughlin ◽  
Karen Glanz
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Community Engaged Research ◽  
Implementation And Dissemination ◽  
Study Designs

This chapter examines the scientific, methodological, and practical foundations of community-based intervention research that bear on ethical concerns. It begins with a description of community-based intervention research, including intervention strategies, study designs, and data collection methods. Given the major role of partnerships in community-based research, it also analyzes ethical issues along a continuum of community-engaged research and discusses the establishment, implementation and dissemination phases of community engaged research. The chapter covers considerations for working with vulnerable or disadvantaged communities, as well as considerations for ethical issues in a global context. It discusses traditional ethical principles in research and briefly reviews professional codes of ethics with implications for community-based intervention research.

Confronting the grey zone after severe brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Peterson ◽  
Adrian M. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Severe Brain Injury ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legal Decision Making ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Brain

In recent years, rapid technological developments in the field of neuroimaging have provided several new methods for revealing thoughts, actions and intentions based solely on the pattern of activity that is observed in the brain. In specialized centres, these methods are now being employed routinely to assess residual cognition, detect consciousness and even communicate with some behaviorally non-responsive patients who clinically appear to be comatose or in a vegetative state. In this article, we consider some of the ethical issues raised by these developments and the profound implications they have for clinical care, diagnosis, prognosis and medical-legal decision-making after severe brain injury.

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