scholarly journals Environmental and Corporate Crimes

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-296
Author(s):  
Laurent Mucchielli
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Corporate Crime ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Environmental Crime ◽  
The South ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Health Threats ◽  
Automobile Engines

Drawing inspiration from researches on environmental crime and corporate crime, this chapter examines the case of air pollution caused by road transport and industry in France. The purpose of the author is first to document the nature and extent of these health threats to populations and second to highlight the existence of delinquent practices (defined as deliberate violations of legal norms) that sometimes play a major role in perpetuating these threats. The author first examines the issue of pollution caused by automobile engines and returns to “Dieselgate.” It then details the pollution problems observed in the Fos-sur-Mer industrial area in the south of France and its consequences on the health of local populations.

scholarly journals Ecological Study on Hospitalizations for Cancer, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Diseases in the Industrial Area of Etang-de-Berre in the South of France

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Pascal ◽  
Mathilde Pascal ◽  
Morgane Stempfelet ◽  
Sarah Goria ◽  
Christophe Declercq
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
The Impact

The Etang-de-Berre area is a large industrialized area in the South of France, exposing 300,000 inhabitants to the plumes of its industries. The possible associated health risks are of the highest concern to the population, who asked for studies investigating their health status. A geographical ecological study based on standardized hospitalizations ratios for cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases was carried out over the 2004–2007 period. Exposure to air pollution was assessed using dispersion models coupled with a geographic information system to estimate an annual mean concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) for each district. Results showed an excess risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction in women living in districts with medium or high SO2exposure, respectively, 38% [CI 95% 4 : 83] and 54% [14 : 110] greater than women living in districts at the reference level exposure. A 26% [2 : 57] excess risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction was also observed in men living in districts with high SO2levels. No excess risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases or for cancer was observed, except for acute leukemia in men only. Results illustrate the impact of industrial air pollution on the cardiovascular system and call for an improvement of the air quality in the area.

THE (DOMINANCE BASED) ROUGH SET APPROACH APPLIED TO AIR POLLUTION IN A HIGH RISK RATE INDUSTRIAL AREA

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Matarazzo ◽  
Maria Teresa Clasadonte ◽  
Carlo Ingrao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Rough Set ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Risk Rate

Using Modern Pigging Technology to Keep Your Force Main Clean The South Omaha Industrial Area Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
David White ◽  
Ned Tramp ◽  
Sean Bell ◽  
Jeffrey Ray
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Area ◽  
The South

scholarly journals The role of thiocyanate in the etiology of goiter in an industrial metropolitan area

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
V F H Brauer ◽  
H Below ◽  
A Kramer ◽  
D Führer ◽  
R Paschke
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
High Resolution Ultrasonography

Objective: Thiocyanate (SCN−) has concentration dependent antithyroid properties and a role in the etiology of goiter has been suggested in several studies. In 1991 an epidemiological survey conducted in the region of Halle/Leipzig (Saxony), an area with significant air pollution, suggested an inverse relationship between urinary iodine (I−)/SCN− excretion and goiter prevalence. 10 years later, we reinvestigated the same industrial area to clarify if the situation has changed after the elimination of most industrial waste products and moreover, if SCN− excretion levels alone or in combination with air pollution or smoking as a SCN− source are critical for thyroid function. Design and methods: We investigated a cohort of 708 probands for I−, SCN− and creatinine excretion in spot urine samples and determined the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules by high resolution ultrasonography. Results: Probands with goiter (n = 79, 11%) had significantly higher urinary SCN− excretions than probands without (3.9 ± 2.8 vs 3.1 ± 3.4 mg SCN−/g creatinine) and significantly lower urinary I−/SCN− ratios than patients without thyroid disorders (41 ± 38 vs 61 ± 71 μg I−/mg SCN−/l). Mean urinary I− excretions were not different between probands with or without goiter. Smokers showed significantly elevated urinary SCN−/creatinine ratios in comparison to non-smokers (4.3 ± 4.3 vs 2.4 ± 2.1 mg SCN−/g creatinine). ANOVA revealed a prediction of thyroid volume through age (P < 0.001), gender (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.05) and smoking (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In our investigation, age, gender and smoking (raising SCN− levels by CN− inhalation) were predictive for thyroid volume and the urinary I−/SCN− ratios were able to detect probands with an increased risk of developing goiter in contrast to urinary I− excretion levels alone. These data suggest, that in an era and area of decreased cyanide pollution, SCN− may remain a cofactor in the multifactorial aetiology of goiter.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND AIR POLLUTION ON INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1333
Author(s):  
V. Abozaid ◽  
H. Arif Abdulrahman ◽  
D. Ayoub Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Impact

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on NO2 and PM2.5 Levels and Their Associations with Human Mobility Patterns in Singapore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Li ◽  
Yihan Zhu ◽  
Jia Yu Karen Tan ◽  
Hoong Chen Teo ◽  
Andrea Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
The South ◽  
High Association ◽  
Pollutant Level ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe decline in NO2 and PM2.5 pollutant levels were observed during COVID-19 around the world, especially during lockdowns. Previous studies explained such observed decline with the decrease in human mobility, whilst overlooking the meteorological changes (e.g., rainfall, wind speed) that could mediate air pollution level simultaneously. This pitfall could potentially lead to over-or under-estimation of the effect of COVID-19 on air pollution. Consequently, this study aims to re-evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on NO2 and PM2.5 pollutant level in Singapore, by incorporating the effect of meteorological parameters in predicting NO2 and PM2.5 baseline in 2020 using machine learning methods. The results found that NO2 and PM2.5 declined by a maximum of 38% and 36%, respectively, during lockdown period. As two proxies for change in human mobility, taxi availability and carpark availability were found to increase and decrease by a maximum of 12.6% and 9.8%, respectively, in 2020 from 2019 during lockdown. To investigate how human mobility influenced air pollutant level, two correlation analyses were conducted: one between PM2.5 and carpark availability changes at regional scale and the other between NO2 and taxi availability changes at a spatial resolution of 0.01°. The NO2 variation was found to be more associated with the change in human mobility, with the correlation coefficients vary spatially across Singapore. A cluster of stronger correlations were found in the South and East Coast of Singapore. Contrarily, PM2.5 and carpark availability had a weak correlation, which could be due to the limit of regional analyses. Drawing to the wider context, the high association between human mobility and NO2 in the South and East Coast area can provide insights into future NO2 reduction policy in Singapore.Graphical Abstract

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