scholarly journals IMPACT OF REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION AND AIR POLLUTION ON INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. LEAVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1333
Author(s):  
V. Abozaid ◽  
H. Arif Abdulrahman ◽  
D. Ayoub Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Impact

This study was performed to investigate the impact of air pollution on leaf area and anatomical features of Melia azedarach L. trees, in urban areas with three demographical classes: location (I) industrial area, location (II) roadside area and free parts (control area) as a location (III) of Duhok city/Kurdistan Region-Iraq, during July 2021. The results demonstrated that the leaf area of selected plants' leaves in location I had reduced with no noticeable change in the average stomata density in the three locations I, II and Ⅲ. Meanwhile, the results of the most anatomical features of the blade (blade, lower cuticle, epidermis (both upper and lower) thickness, palisade layer height and spongy parenchyma width) in addition to midrib parameters (epidermis thickness (upper and lower), collenchyma and parenchyma layer width, phloem and xylem width and pith diameter) were decreased in both locations I, II, and with well-developed anatomical features in location III.

scholarly journals Effect of Air Pollution on Leaf Traits of Three Tree Species Growing in the Industrial Zone of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Al-Toukhy Al-Toukhy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Pore Width ◽  
Industrial Zone ◽  
Lawsonia Inermis

Effect of air pollution in the industrial area of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia on three tree species Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) has been studied with special reference to characteristics of leaves. These plant species were chosen because they are common and in the industrial and control areas. leaf area, number of stomata, stomata length and width and stomata pore width and length of these plant species were investigated. The results of this study with all trees species showed significant decrease in plant leaf area and stomata number in the industrial zone comparing with the control area. The results of those tree species indicated marked alteration in epidermal traits, with increased stomata length and width and stomata pore width and length collected from industrial site than those from control site. These changes in the leaf area and epidermal traits could be as indicator of environmental stress and can be recommended in the industrial areas for the early detection of air pollution.

A Dynamic Analysis Of The Impact Of Air Pollution On The daylight Availability In An Open-plan Office In London

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Du ◽  
Steve Sharples
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Pollutant Deposition ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Building Project ◽  
The Impact

The deposition of air pollutants on glazing can significantly affect the daylight transmittance of building fenestration systems in urban areas. This study presents a simulation analysis of the impact of air pollution and glazing visual transmittance on indoor daylight availability in an open-plan office in London. First, the direct links between glazing visual transmittance and daylighting conditions were developed and assessed. Second, several simple algorithms were established to estimate the loss of daylight availability due to the pollutant deposition at the external surface of vertical glazing. Finally, some conclusions and design strategies to support facade planning at the early design stage of an urban building project were developed.

scholarly journals Ecological Study on Hospitalizations for Cancer, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Diseases in the Industrial Area of Etang-de-Berre in the South of France

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Pascal ◽  
Mathilde Pascal ◽  
Morgane Stempfelet ◽  
Sarah Goria ◽  
Christophe Declercq
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Industrial Air Pollution ◽  
The Impact

The Etang-de-Berre area is a large industrialized area in the South of France, exposing 300,000 inhabitants to the plumes of its industries. The possible associated health risks are of the highest concern to the population, who asked for studies investigating their health status. A geographical ecological study based on standardized hospitalizations ratios for cancer, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases was carried out over the 2004–2007 period. Exposure to air pollution was assessed using dispersion models coupled with a geographic information system to estimate an annual mean concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) for each district. Results showed an excess risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction in women living in districts with medium or high SO2exposure, respectively, 38% [CI 95% 4 : 83] and 54% [14 : 110] greater than women living in districts at the reference level exposure. A 26% [2 : 57] excess risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction was also observed in men living in districts with high SO2levels. No excess risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases or for cancer was observed, except for acute leukemia in men only. Results illustrate the impact of industrial air pollution on the cardiovascular system and call for an improvement of the air quality in the area.

scholarly journals Opposite Effects of Aerosols on Daytime Urban Heat Island Intensity between Summer and Winter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Han ◽  
Zhanqing Li ◽  
Fang Wu ◽  
Yuwei Zhang ◽  
Jianping Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Planetary Boundary Layer ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Heat Island Intensity ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The urban heat island intensity (UHII) is the temperature difference between urban areas and their rural surroundings. It is commonly attributed to changes in the underlying surface structure caused by urbanization. Air pollution caused by aerosol particles can affect the UHII by changing the surface energy balance and atmospheric thermodynamic structure. By analyzing satellite data and ground-based observations collected from 2001 to 2010 at 35 cities in China and using the WRF-Chem model, we found that aerosols have very different effects on daytime UHII in different seasons: reducing the UHII in summer, but increasing the UHII in winter. The seasonal contrast in the spatial distribution of aerosols between the urban centers and the suburbs lead to a spatial discrepancy in aerosol radiative effect (SD-ARE). Additionally, different stability of the planetary boundary layer induced by aerosol is closely associated with a dynamic effect (DE) on the UHII. SD-ARE reduces the amount of radiation reaching the ground and changes the vertical temperature gradient, whereas DE increases the stability of the planetary boundary layer and weakens heat release and exchange between the surface and the PBL. Both effects exist under polluted conditions, but their relative roles are opposite between the two seasons. It is the joint effects of the SD-ARE and the DE that drive the UHII to behave differently in different seasons, which is confirmed by model simulations. In summer, the UHII is mainly affected by the SD-ARE, and the DE is weak, and the opposite is the case in winter. This finding sheds a new light on the impact of the interaction between urbanization-induced surface changes and air pollution on urban climate.

scholarly journals Impacts of Anthropological Activities on Soils of Some Parts of Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
W. P. Wanjala ◽  
L. Odokuma ◽  
I. Etela ◽  
R. Ramkat
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Ethyl Benzene ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
The Impact

The study is a post project implementation Environmental Monitoring (EM) of impacts of anthropological activities on levels of soil physicochemical parameters. The study evaluates levels of physicochemical parameters in soils of 9 locations in Port Harcourt and its environs in Rivers State, Nigeria, grouped into 3 categories; urbanized, industrialized and agricultural. Composite soil samples were collected between April to October 2018. Concentration levels of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-benzene, and Xylene (BTEX), Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Percent Total Organic Carbon (% TOC), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Calcium (Ca), Nickel (Ni), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Chromium (Cr), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), and Sulphur (S) in soil was measured using standard analytical procedures. The study evaluates the impact magnitude (IM) of the obtained test values against control values. In industrial area, BTEX recorded the highest Impact Magnitude (IM) of 100% while TOC and TPH recorded 100.00% and 88.89% respectfully, and were classified as severely impacted (S). In the agricultural areas, TOC and Ni recorded IM of 88.89% while BTEX had an IM of 77.78% which were highest and were classified as severe impact (S). In urbanized areas, Ni and (Phosphate) PO43- recorded the highest IM of 88.89% and were classified as severe (S). The study establishes that urbanization, industrialization and agricultural activities do affect the level of physicochemical parameters in the study areas. Activities in industrial areas negatively impact on levels of BTEX, % TOC and TPH in soils. Activities in agricultural areas negatively impacted on levels of BTEX, NO3-, NO2- and SO42- in soils, and activities in urban areas negatively impact on levels of Ni, PO43-, Zn, Mn, TPH, % TOC and Ca in soils of the study areas. These findings form a reliable baseline data for future researchers in EM in the study areas. The study recommends EM of soil physicochemical parameters in the study area in order to ensure a healthy soil for food production in order for realization of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Good Health and well-being, and sustainable cities and communities.

scholarly journals Prediction of source contributions to surface PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations in European cities: a case study for an episode in December 2016 using EMEP/MSC-W rv4.15 – Part.2 The local urban background contribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Pommier
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Grid Cells ◽  
Source Contribution ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Local Contribution ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Despite the progress made in the latest decades, air pollution is still the primary environmental cause of premature death in Europe. The urban population risks more likely to suffer to pollution related to high concentrations of air pollutants such as in particulate matter smaller than 10 µm (PM10). Since the composition of these particulates varies with space and time, the understanding of the origin is essential to determine the most efficient control strategies. A source contribution calculation allows to provide such information and thus to determine the geographical location of the sources (e.g. city or country) responsible for the air pollution episodes. In this study, the calculations provided by the regional EMEP/MSC-W rv4.15 model in a forecast mode, with a 0.25° longitude × 0.125° latitude resolution, and based on a scenario approach, have been explored. To do so, the work has focused on event occurring between 01 and 09 December 2016. This source contribution calculation aims at quantifying over 34 European cities the Local contribution of these PM10, i.e. from the city itself, on an hourly basis. Since the methodology used in the model is based on reduced anthropogenic emissions, compared to a reference run, the choice of the percentage in the reductions has been tested by using three different values (5 %, 15 % and 50 %). The definition of the Local contribution, and thus the definition of the area defining the cities is also an important parameter. The impact of the definition of these urban areas, for the studied cities, was investigated (i.e. 1 model grid cell, 9 grid cells and the grid cells covering the definition given by the Global Administrative Area – GADM). Using a 15 % reduction in the emission and the use of larger cities for our source contribution calculation (e.g. 9 grid cells and GADM), help to reduce the non-linearity in the concentration changes. This non-linearity is observed in the mismatch between the total concentration and the sum of the concentrations from different calculated sources. When this non-linearity is observed, it impacts the NO3−, NH4+ and H2O concentrations. However, the mean non-linearity represents only less than 2 % of the total modelled PM10 calculated by the system. During the studied episode, it was found that 20 % of the predicted PM10 had a Local origin, essentially composed of primary components. 60 % of the hourly PM10 concentrations predicted by the model came from the countries in the regional domain, and they were essentially composed of NO3−. The rest of the PM10 was mainly due to natural sources. It was also shown that the Central European cities were mainly impacted by the surrounding countries while the cities located a little away from the rest of the other European countries (e.g. Oslo and Lisbon) had larger Local contribution. The usefulness of the forecasting tool has also been illustrated with an example in Paris, since the system has been able to predict a local polluted event on 02 December 2016 as documented by local authorities.

Air pollution tolerance index of selected plants in industrial and urban areas of Vellore district

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akilan ◽  
S. Nandhakumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Air Pollution Tolerance Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
College Farm

The impact of air pollutants on the biochemical characters of the selected plant species from industrial and urban areas was studied by calculating ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf extract pH and relative water content from leaf tissues. The air pollution tolerance index (APTI) values of the selected plants of different study areas revealed that the APTI values of the plants at the College Farm recorded low compared to Arcot and Ranipet transporation and industrial areas. Among the selected plant species, higher APTI values were recorded from the industrial and urban areas. when compared to areas free from industries and transport. The four selected plant species <italic>viz</italic>. <italic>Neerium oleander, Tamarindus indicus, Azardirecta indica</italic> and <italic>Pungamia pinnata, Neerium oleander</italic> recorded higher APTI values from the industrial and transportation that revealed more tolerance than the other selected plants.The statistical results revealed that Arcot was more polluted compared to Ranipet, and the college farm recorded least polluted due to less exposure to industries, transport and urbanization.

Evaluation of the Sulfur Dioxide Pollution Tolerance of Sidewalk Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 797-801
Author(s):  
Chung Yi Chung ◽  
Pei Ling Chung ◽  
Hwa Sheng Gau ◽  
Ting Lun Huang ◽  
Wen Liang Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Pollution Tolerance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Cerbera Manghas ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) is used by landscapers to select plant species tolerant to air pollution. The present study evaluated APTI for selected ten common plant species, which were fumigated with 40 ppb sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas for 210 days. The APTI is used by landscapers to select plant species tolerant to air pollution. In order to develop the usefulness of plants as indicators requires an appropriate selection of plant species, which is of utmost importance in specific situations. Four biochemical parameters, including ascorbic acid content, leaf extract pH, total leaf chlorophyll, and leaf relative water content were used to develop an APTI. The results showed that plants have the potential to serve as excellent quantitative and qualitative indices of pollution. Since biomonitoring of plants is an important tool by which to evaluate the impact of air pollution on plants, Diospyros maritime is a good selection as an index of SO2 pollution. The order of tolerance in SO2 as Diospyros maritime > Diospyros discolor > Decusscarpus nagi > Cerbera manghas > Delonix regia > Melia azedarach > Machilus zuihoensis > Ficus sepitca > Erythrina variegate > Messerschmidia argentea.

scholarly journals The European Hot Spot of B[a]P and PM2.5 Exposure—The Ostrava Region, Czech Republic: Health Research Results

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radim J. Sram ◽  
Miroslav Dostal ◽  
Helena Libalova ◽  
Pavel Rossner ◽  
Andrea Rossnerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Asthma Bronchiale ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Area ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
The Impact

The Ostrava Region in the Czech Republic is a heavily polluted industrial area. Concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) significantly exceed limit values. To investigate the impact of these levels on human health, epidemiological, molecular epidemiology, and in vitro studies were done in 2008–2011. Morbidity of children was followed in 10 pediatric districts. In the most polluted district, children suffered higher incidence of acute respiratory diseases in the first year of life, and higher prevalence of asthma bronchiale. Gene expression was studied in children from Ostrava and from a control rural area. Genes specific to asthma bronchiale differed, suggesting a different molecular phenotype in children in the polluted region compared to children in the control area. A molecular epidemiology study showed adverse effect of the Ostrava exposures, but also an increased expression of XRCC5, which probably protects these exposed subjects against the degree of genetic damage that would otherwise be expected. In vitro studies clearly related concentration of B[a]P from PM2.5 extracts to induced PAH-DNA adducts. These studies clearly demonstrate that under the present local environmental conditions, the health of the population is severely impaired and will likely remain so for a significant period of time.

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