Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds as Emerging Water Pollutants

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Krishna Bhuyan ◽  
Anirudha Giri
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Behavioral Alterations ◽  
Global Pollution ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Aquatic ecosystems are pivotal resources that nurture diverse life forms apart from providing different ecosystem services. Global pollution, directly and indirectly, depletes the quality and standards of these resources and hampers the animals residing there. The incomplete combustion of all sorts of organic substances found in nature produces and release an emerging group of contaminants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). There are over a hundred different kinds of PAHs known and 16 amongst them are regarded as priority pollutants including phenanthrene (PHE). PHE is abundantly found in the aquatic environment and poses a higher risk to animals. It causes a vast array of toxicities in aquatic animals including genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, transgenerational toxicity, neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and potentially induces oxidative stress and behavioral alterations. However, many areas of PHE toxicity in aquatic organisms are yet to be properly understood and management measures are yet to be initiated.

The phototoxicity of non-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic organisms

Chemosphere ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1829-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Kagan ◽  
Edgard D. Kagan ◽  
Isabelle A. Kagan ◽  
Peggy A. Kagan ◽  
Susan Quigley
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Comparative developmental toxicity of a comprehensive suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra C. Geier ◽  
Anna C. Chlebowski ◽  
Lisa Truong ◽  
Staci L. Massey Simonich ◽  
Kim A. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in water, sediments and aquatic life of Nigerian inland and coastal waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-012
Author(s):  
Onome Augustina Bubu-Davies ◽  
Benjamin Bameyi Otene ◽  
Mpakaboari Vellington Cephas Ebini
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Public Monitoring

formed during incomplete combustions of organic substances but few to be mention such as cigarettes, coal etc. They are usually found as a mixture containing two or more compounds such as soot. The emissions of PAHs in Nigeria have contributed significantly to the environment and live of aquatic organisms. Thus, this paper reviewed the contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) in the water, sediments and organisms in inland and coastal waters. Methodology: Literatures of relevant and previous studies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water, sediment and organism within and outside Nigeria were reviewed. Results: The contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and can cause adverse effect on human health, wildlife and aquatic lives with no report on mammals in the aquatic environments. Conclusion and Recommendation: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reviewed displayed different effects caused in the lives of human and aquatic organism based on the concentration level. Their sources were more of anthropogenic than natural source with varied concentrations at various source points due to different activities in question. The positive impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on fish and other aquatic organisms as a result of bioconcentration, biotransformation and biomagnification become a threat to humans that rely on eighty percent of aquatic resources. Therefore, conceived efforts should be made to reduce these effects, general public monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon on discharge sources in the biosphere.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ologe Lagoon and Effects of Benzo[b]fluoranthene in African Catfish

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Ebele Obanya ◽  
Anthonia Omoarukhe ◽  
Nnamdi Henry Amaeze ◽  
Chukwuemeka Uche Okoroafor
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Canadian Council

Background. Ologe Lagoon is an important water body that receives effluents from neighboring industries. These effluents may increase the levels of anthropogenic contaminants in the lagoon, thereby creating stressors for aquatic organisms. Objectives. To assess the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ologe Lagoon, along with the histopathological, biochemical and genotoxic effects of the most prevalent PAH compound. Methods. An initial field study was performed to determine the concentrations of PAHs in Ologe Lagoon, followed by a chronic toxicity test to assess the effects of the most prevalent PAH compound in a fish model (Clarias gariepinus). Results. High molecular weight PAHs were more predominant than low molecular weight PAHs in the lagoon, with B[b]F being the most predominant. The formation of micronuclei and binuclei was induced by a 10-fold increase over the present environmental concentration of B[b]F in Ologe Lagoon. Histopathological studies showed that epithelial necrosis, fused lamellae, shortened lamellae, and desquamation were the major histological anomalies induced by ERCs of B[b]F. Results from the biochemical assay indicated that ERCs of B[b] F increased aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels in fish. Glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were inhibited in the exposed fish, whereas malondialdehyde was significantly increased. Conclusions. Concentrations of fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene, and benzo[a] pyrene in the surface water of Ologe Lagoon were above the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's (CCME) safe limits, suggesting that the water may not be safe for domestic uses, and the present concentration of B[b]F in Ologe Lagoon may be chronically toxic to aquatic organisms, in terms of oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Ecotoxicity and Associated Threat of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) to Biodiversity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Umar Zungum ◽  
Tijjani Sabiu Imam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Fuels ◽  
Complex Organic

There is a sustained rise in incidence of cancer and toxicity related to chemicals exerting enormous burden to public health and biodiversity. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mong such contaminants, precisely the sixteen-priority characterized by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Therefore, this review is aimed at further elaboration about the 16 USEPA characterized PAHs and threat portend to public health and biodiversity. PAHs are a class of very stable organic pollutants produced most commonly, by incomplete combustion of fossil fuel and are formed when complex organic substances are exposed to heat. PAHs in great amount due to build up over time by bioaccumulation can be perilous: to human beings of all age and levels, aquatic organisms, amphibians and reptiles. The soil like the aquatic environment contains substantial quantity of PAHs since, atmospheric PAHs sediments on the soil due to dry and wet deposition, terrestrial organism are impacted if the soil is saturated with PAHs. Therefore, PAHs are a great source of trepidation for food safety, public health and biodiversity sustenance. Hence, tackling the spade of the menacing ubiquity of PAHs becomes necessary from its sources by encouragement of alternatives to petroleum fuels for machines and vehicles.

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