Adaptation of Blockchain Architecture to the Internet of Things and Performance Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-65
Author(s):  
Mevlut Ersoy ◽  
Asım Sinan Yüksel ◽  
Cihan Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) security and privacy criteria are seen as an important challenge due to IoT architecture. In this study, the security of the IoT system that is created with devices integrated into the embedded system by means of various sensors has been ensured by using a single cryptographic structure. The data transmitted between the nodes in the IoT structure is transmitted to the central node using the Blockchain data structure. The transmitted data is verified at central nodes and the energies consumed between nodes during the transmission phase is detected. An infrastructure has been developed for how blockchain technology can be used in the IoT structure. In this study, an experimental environment was developed and comparative analysis were made in terms of energy consumption and data transfer rates.

scholarly journals AUTOMATION USING IOT IN GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Raj ◽  
Vijitha Ananthi J
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Climatic Condition ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Green House ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
House Automation ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Green house is generally a building of small or large structures. The structure of the green house is made of walls and the translucent roof, with the capability of maintaining the planned climatic condition. It ensures the growth of plants that requires a specified level of soil moisture, sunlight, humidity and temperature. The green house systems available are human monitored systems that entail the continuous human visit causing distress to the worker and also decrease in the yield if the temperature and the humidity are not properly and regularly maintained. This paves way for the concept of the green house automation. The green house automation formed by the incorporation of the Internet of things and the embedded system addresses the problem faced in the green house and provides with the automated controlling and monitoring of the green house environment replacing the undeviating administration of the farmers. This paper also proposes the automation using internet of things in green house environment by using the Netduino 3 and employing the sensors for the sensing the moisture, temperature, sunlight and humidity, to enhance the production rate and minimize the discomfort caused to the farmers.

scholarly journals A Survey of How to Use Blockchain to Secure Internet of Things and the Stalker Attack

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Ferreira Jesus ◽  
Vanessa R. L. Chicarino ◽  
Célio V. N. de Albuquerque ◽  
Antônio A. de A. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Main Chain ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Transaction Models ◽  
Financial Domain ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly a reality today. Nevertheless, some key challenges still need to be given particular attention so that IoT solutions further support the growing demand for connected devices and the services offered. Due to the potential relevance and sensitivity of services, IoT solutions should address the security and privacy concerns surrounding these devices and the data they collect, generate, and process. Recently, the Blockchain technology has gained much attention in IoT solutions. Its primary usage scenarios are in the financial domain, where Blockchain creates a promising applications world and can be leveraged to solve security and privacy issues. However, this emerging technology has a great potential in the most diverse technological areas and can significantly help achieve the Internet of Things view in different aspects, increasing the capacity of decentralization, facilitating interactions, enabling new transaction models, and allowing autonomous coordination of the devices. The paper goal is to provide the concepts about the structure and operation of Blockchain and, mainly, analyze how the use of this technology can be used to provide security and privacy in IoT. Finally, we present the stalker, which is a selfish miner variant that has the objective of preventing a node to publish its blocks on the main chain.

scholarly journals Privacy protection for fog computing and the internet of things data based on blockchain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Jianbiao Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Single Point ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Abstract With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) field, more and more data are generated by IoT devices and transferred over the network. However, a large amount of IoT data is sensitive, and the leakage of such data is a privacy breach. The security of sensitive IoT data is a big issue, as the data is shared over an insecure network channel. Current solutions include symmetric encryption and access controls to secure the data transfer, but they have some drawbacks such as a single point of failure. Blockchain is a promising distributed ledger technology that can prevent the malicious tampering of data, offering reliable data storage. This paper proposes a distributed access control system based on blockchain technology to secure IoT data. The proposed mechanism is based on fog computing and the concept of the alliance chain. This method uses mixed linear and nonlinear spatiotemporal chaotic systems (MLNCML) and the least significant bit (LSB) to encrypt the IoT data on an edge node and then upload the encrypted data to the cloud. The proposed mechanism can solve the problem of a single point of failure of access control by providing the dynamic and fine-grained access control for IoT data. The experimental results of this method demonstrated that it can protect the privacy of IoT data efficiently.

scholarly journals Security of RPL based 6LoWPAN Networks in the Internet of Things: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Verma ◽  
Virender Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Open Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<div>Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the fastest emerging networking paradigms enabling a large number of applications for the benefit of mankind. Advancements in embedded system technology and compressed IPv6 have enabled the support of IP stack in resource constrained heterogeneous smart devices. However, global connectivity and resource constrained characteristics of smart devices have exposed them to different insider and outsider attacks, which put users’ security and privacy at risk. Various risks associated with IoT slow down its growth and become an obstruction in the worldwide adoption of its applications. In RFC 6550, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) is specified by IETF’s ROLL working group for facilitating efficient routing in 6LoWPAN networks, while considering its limitations. Due to resource constrained nature of nodes in the IoT, RPL is vulnerable to many attacks that consume the node’s resources and degrade the network’s performance. In this paper, we present a study on</div><div>various attacks and their existing defense solutions, particularly to RPL. Open research issues, challenges, and future directions specific to RPL security are also discussed. A taxonomy of RPL attacks, considering the essential attributes like resources, topology, and traffic, is shown for better understanding. In addition, a study of existing cross-layered and RPL specific network layer based defense solutions suggested in the literature is also carried out.</div>

scholarly journals Security of RPL based 6LoWPAN Networks in the Internet of Things: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Verma ◽  
Virender Ranga
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Open Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<div>Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the fastest emerging networking paradigms enabling a large number of applications for the benefit of mankind. Advancements in embedded system technology and compressed IPv6 have enabled the support of IP stack in resource constrained heterogeneous smart devices. However, global connectivity and resource constrained characteristics of smart devices have exposed them to different insider and outsider attacks, which put users’ security and privacy at risk. Various risks associated with IoT slow down its growth and become an obstruction in the worldwide adoption of its applications. In RFC 6550, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Network (RPL) is specified by IETF’s ROLL working group for facilitating efficient routing in 6LoWPAN networks, while considering its limitations. Due to resource constrained nature of nodes in the IoT, RPL is vulnerable to many attacks that consume the node’s resources and degrade the network’s performance. In this paper, we present a study on</div><div>various attacks and their existing defense solutions, particularly to RPL. Open research issues, challenges, and future directions specific to RPL security are also discussed. A taxonomy of RPL attacks, considering the essential attributes like resources, topology, and traffic, is shown for better understanding. In addition, a study of existing cross-layered and RPL specific network layer based defense solutions suggested in the literature is also carried out.</div>

Tendencies of development of modern innovative technologies and the digital economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
S. M. Doguchaeva
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The era of digital transformation provides the opportunity for leading companies to change priorities - to begin to take care of the support environment using innovative technologies and become a leading creative platform open for innovation. The successful development of the digital world, the blockchain technology, the Internet of things – the mechanism which will change the financial world. 

Multi-Disciplinary Opinions Focused on Healthcare Sector for Global Pandemic: COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
The Internet Of Things

BACKGROUND COVID- 19 pandemics has affected the life of every human being in this world dramatically. The daily routine of the human has been changed to an uncertain extent. Some of the people are affected by the COVID-19, and some of the people are in fear of this epidemic. This has completely changed the thorough process of the people, and now, they are looking for solutions of this pandemic at different levels of the human addressable areas. These areas include medicine, vaccination, precautions, psychology, technology-assisted solutions like information technology, etc. There is a need to think in the direction of technology compliant solutions in the era of COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to discuss the existing views and focus on the recommendations for the enhancement in the current situation from COVID-19. METHODS Based on the literature, perceptions, challenges, and viewpoints, the following opinions are suggested to the research community for the prevention and elimination of global pandemic COVID-19. The research community irrespective of the discipline focus on the following: 1. The comprehensive thought process for the designing of the internet of things (IoT) based solutions for healthcare applications used in the prevention from COVID-19. 2. Strategies for restricting outbreak of COVID-19 with the emerging trends in Ehealthcare applications. Which should be the optimal strategy to deal with a global pandemic? 3. Explorations on the data analysis as derived from the advanced data mining and warehousing associated with IoT. Besides, cloud-based technologies can be incorporated for the global spread of healthcare-related information to serve the community of different countries in the world. 4. The most adaptable method and technology can be deployed for the development of innovative solutions for COVID-19 related people like smart, patient-centric healthcare information systems. 5. Implementation of smart solutions like wearable technology for mask and PPE along with their disposal can be considered to deal with a global epidemic like COVID-19. This will lead to the manufacturing and incorporation of wearable technologies in the healthcare sector by industries. 6. A Pervasive thought process can be standardized for dealing with global pandemic like COVID-19. In addition, research measures should be considered for the security and privacy challenges of IoT services carrying healthcare-related information. These areas and directions are diverse but, in parallel, the need for healthy bonding and correlation between the people like researchers and scientists irrespective of their discipline. The discipline may vary from medical, engineering, computing, finance, and management, etc. In addition, standard protocols and interoperability measures can be worked out for the exchange of information in the global pandemic situations. RESULTS Recommendations Discussed CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the opinions have been discussed in the multi-disciplinary areas of research like COVID-19 challenges, medicines and vaccines, precautionary measures, technology assistance, and the Internet of Things. These opinions and discussion serve as an integrated platform for researchers and scientists to think about future perspectives to deal with healthcare-related COVID-19 pandemic situation. This includes the original, significant, and visionary automation based ideas, innovations, scientific designs, and applications focusing on Inter-disciplinary technology compliant solutions like IoT, vaccinations, manufacturing, preventive measures, etc. for the improvement of efficiency and reliability of existing healthcare systems. For the future, there is dire need to strengthen the technology not only in the one area but also for the interdisciplinary areas to recover from the pandemic situation rapidly and serve the community.

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