Conceptualizing Cyber-Security From EU Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Ayse Kok
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

If the aim of the EU is the establishment of deeper cooperation with other nations within the context of cyber security in the future, platforms (e.g., the Task Force) should create an effective agenda that reflects the differences between the EU (soft power) and other countries such as China or Russia (hard power). Yet, there should not be any compromise in the principles and norms of these countries with regard to their Internet policies. Although this may sound too difficult to accomplish, it is not impossible given EU's increased emphasis on cybersecurity along with its evolving cybersecurity strategy.

Conceptualizing Cyber-Security From EU Perspective

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Ayse Kok
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

If the aim of the EU is the establishment of deeper cooperation with other nations within the context of cyber security in the future, platforms (e.g., the Task Force) should create an effective agenda that reflects the differences between the EU (soft power) and other countries such as China or Russia (hard power). Yet, there should not be any compromise in the principles and norms of these countries with regard to their Internet policies. Although this may sound too difficult to accomplish, it is not impossible given EU's increased emphasis on cybersecurity along with its evolving cybersecurity strategy.

8. EU Enlargement and Wider Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Sedelmeier ◽  
Graham Avery
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
European Neighbourhood Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
European Model ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

The EU has expanded many times and many countries still aspire to join. It has extended the prospect of membership to countries in the Balkans and Turkey and has developed a ‘neighbourhood’ policy towards other countries, some of which may want to join in the future. Enlargement illustrates the success of the European model of integration. It has also provided the EU with a powerful tool to influence domestic politics in would-be members. But enlargement also poses fundamental challenges. It has implications both for how the EU works (its structure and institutions) and for what it does (its policies). The chapter first compares ‘widening’ and ‘deepening’ before discussing enlargement as soft power. It then explains how the EU has expanded and why countries want to join. It also looks at prospective member states: the Balkan countries, Turkey, Norway, Switzerland, and Iceland. Finally, it examines the European Neighbourhood Policy.

scholarly journals COMBINING SOFT POWER WITH THE GEOPOLITICAL APPROACH - HOW DIFFICULT IS FOR THE EU TO CHANGE ITS ATTITUDE?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Radu CARP
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
The Eu

After gradually evolving from an economic project to a political one, European Union leaders declare nowadays that it is time to go forward and to build a geopolitical actor on the international stage. This paper does make an account on the current stage of relevant geopolitical actors and how they view EU. In order to address this issue, EU have to focus more on its soft power instruments, like multilateralism and the promotion of democracy, rule of law and human rights, and also climate change, apart from hard power instruments like trade, security and defense, cybersecurity and data privacy.Keywords: democracy, European Union, geopolitics, human rights, multilateralism, rule of law, soft power.

scholarly journals Editorial Foreword

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Silviu-Marian Miloiu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Power Projection ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Editorial Foreword

The second issue of volume 12 of The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies continues to reflect the academic discussions occasioned by the Eleventh Conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies of May 2020. Prof. Radu Carp was one of the keynote speakers of the conference and his address on Combining soft power with the geopolitical approach – how difficult is it for the EU to change its attitude? elicited a great interest among the presenters and attenders of the scientific event. As in any such scholarly event, especially an international gathering with a critical focus on the construction/reconstruction of Europe in vital moments of its past and recent past aspirations, the viewpoints of the participants, including the analysis of Prof. Carp on the current challenges of the EU are passed on to the wider community of fellow researchers, the public and decision-makers. The call for stepping up to a new level of integration and geopolitical power projection is dissected both in its soft and hard power dimension without eschewing the focus on democracy, climate change mitigation measures or cybersecurity.

Unia Europejska w świecie: soft power, hard power czy może smart power?

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-94
Author(s):  
Sławomir Niedźwiecki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Eu

The main purpose of the article is to ask whether the European Union is a smart power actor. Most of the previous research has treated the EU as a soft power. This work is an analysis of the tools which the European Union uses in its foreign policy. Research has been conducted in the context of types of powers, which have been formulated by Joseph Nye: hard power, soft power and smart power. It was necessary to survey what instruments does the European Union use to have impact on other participants of international relations. Nowadays, a range of these tools is relatively developed, taking into account that the EU is an international organisation. In the conclusion, it is stated that the contemporary European Union should be treated as a soft power, but simultaneously it is an actor which attempts to become a smart power, and has relevant predispositions to it.

scholarly journals The Future of Public Diplomacy in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Georgi Aleksandrov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

In times of exponential technological and communicational progress, the topic of the future of political communication is gaining more and more strength. As a result of the creation of many new means for communication and the evolution of the democratic society, there was born a new instrument of political power – public diplomacy. Many scholars have already developed large scale works on the topic about the role, the meaning, and the future of public diplomacy on the world stage. Here we have at hand the question for the future of Public Diplomacy in Bulgaria. This scientific topic is interrelated with yet another phenomenon – the European Union and the participation of Bulgaria as a member in it. This article reviews the future role of public diplomacy as an instrument of the sovereign assisted by the soft power of the EU and the significance of a strong and unified European Union.

scholarly journals Combining soft power with the geopolitical approach – how difficult is for the EU to change its attitude?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Radu Carp
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
The Eu

After gradually evolving from an economic project to a political one, European Union leaders declare nowadays that it is time to go forward and to build a geopolitical actor on the international stage. This paper does make an account on the current stage of relevant geopolitical actors and how they view EU. In order to address this issue, EU have to focus more on its soft power instruments, like multilateralism and the promotion of democracy, rule of law and human rights, and also climate change, apart from hard power instruments like trade, security and defense, cybersecurity and data privacy.

scholarly journals Damaging effects of vaccine geopolitics and the EU’s distorted soft power

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-735
Author(s):  
Milos Petrovic ◽  
Zlatan Jeremic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
The Uk ◽  
International Status ◽  
Mass Inoculation ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Damaging Effects

The authors deliberate that the EU?s soft power leadership has been inadequate during certain periods of the pandemic, being additionally challenged by proactive campaigns of other international actors. According to the authors, such EU underperformance primarily lies in the damaging fact that the Union perceives and treats aspects like the inoculation process not solely as a health-humanitarian issue, but also as a geostrategic activity. The authors consider that EU logic has been largely shaped by the pre-existing geopolitical distaste for China and Russia, and hence also their subsequent COVID-19-related engagement in Europe. Apart from strategic rivalries, EU international status has been exacerbated by deteriorating relations with the UK. According to the authors, the aforementioned international actors have been applying various soft power instruments during the mass inoculation process against COVID-19 in Europe, which also resulted in consequences that are usually attributed to hard power. Antagonisms between the abovementioned stakeholders manifest in unfavorable phenomena such as ?vaccine nationalism? and ?jab geopolitics?. The authors argues that a less selective, and more flexible and pragmatic approach would have been more beneficial both for public health and the EU?s impaired reputation in certain parts of CEE.

scholarly journals China’s sovereignty violations in the East and South China Seas: How should Europe respond?

European View ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249
Author(s):  
Laura Southgate
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
China Seas ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
Security Actor ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Freedom Of Navigation

The EU has been content to remain a marginal actor in the maritime sovereignty disputes in the East and South China Seas. It has adopted a diplomatic strategy that stresses the importance of upholding freedom of navigation and confidence building between the states party to the conflict. As argued here, this approach does not take account of the crucial interests Europe has at stake in the conflict. It is made even less tenable by China’s increasingly assertive behaviour towards securing its sovereignty in the region. Europe is at a crossroads: the EU may seek to overcome internal and external challenges to enhance its hard power capabilities, or it may continue to pursue a wholly soft power approach. Either way, how the EU deals with the current dispute will determine, in large part, its future role as a global security actor.

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