Lack of Environmental Policy and Water Governance
In Pakistan, water pollution is a cause of numerous health issue and water stress. The aim of writing this paper is to empirically investigate the impact of industrialization, foreign direct investment, and economic growth along with energy consumption on total suspended solids in the Indus River, which is used as a proxy for water pollution. The authors employed ARDL estimation to achieve the research objective. The findings revealed that in long-run economic growth, foreign direct investment inflows and industrialization have a positive influence on water pollution in the Indus River. Still, on the other hand, due to sustainable energy production, water pollution is falling in the Indus River. At the same time, in the short-run, economic growth causes reduction in total suspended solids, whereas industrialization is still a major cause of water pollution in the Indus River.