An Open Source Approach for Watershed's Delimitation to Support Flood Monitoring

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Tiago Carvalho ◽  
Leonardo B. L. Santos ◽  
Eduardo F. P. Luz ◽  
Rogério Ishibashi ◽  
Aurelienne A. S. Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Flood Monitoring ◽  
Extreme Rain

In the last years, natural disasters have become more frequent and their impacts have reached a large number of people. When these events happen in unprepared regions, they can cause human and material losses. The consequences can be even more catastrophic when the responsible entities are not properly prepared. To minimize the impacts of extreme weather events, especially extreme rain which can trigger severe floods, this paper proposes a methodological approach to monitor floods through open source software, based on watershed's delineation. The suggested approach can be a tool to support disaster risk reduction planning.

scholarly journals Early warning system on extreme weather events for disaster risk reduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Jacipt Alexander Ramón-Valencia ◽  
Jordi Rafael Palacios-González ◽  
Germán Rircardo Santos-Granados ◽  
Jarol Derley Ramón-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events

The objective of this research was to propose a strategy based on the design and implementation of an early warning system (EWS) for extreme weather events. This project had the following phases: training for municipal and regional actors, preliminary technical diagnosis of the study areas, monitoring network, and the weather forecasts using numerical models WRF and GFS. This EWS is the result of the Macro-project EWS for Climate Events in the basins of the Pamplonita River and Zulia in the North of Santander (SATC), executed by the University of Pamplona and financed by the National Risk Management Unit (UNGRD) and the German Cooperation Agency (GIZ). The research concluded that the application of a disaster risk reduction strategy through an EWS for extreme weather events is an important tool and instrument for the planning of higher risk management because it helps anticipate disasters and consequently preserve lives.

Natural Hazards and Their Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewald van Niekerk ◽  
Livhuwani David Nemakonde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Sub Saharan

The sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region, along with the rest of the African continent, is prone to a wide variety of natural hazards. Most of these hazards and the associated disasters are relatively silent and insidious, encroaching on life and livelihoods, increasing social, economic, and environmental vulnerability even to moderate events. With the majority of SSA’s disasters being of hydrometeorological origin, climate change through an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events is likely to exacerbate the situation. Whereas a number of countries in SSA face significant governance challenges to effectively respond to disasters and manage risk reduction measures, considerable progress has been made since the early 2000s in terms of policies, strategies, and/or institutional mechanisms to advance disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management. As such, most countries in SSA have developed/reviewed policies, strategies, and plans and put in place institutions with dedicated staffs and resources for natural hazard management. However, the lack of financial backing, limited skills, lack of coordination among sectors, weak political leadership, inadequate communication, and shallow natural hazard risk assessment, hinders effective natural hazard management in SSA. The focus here is on the governance of natural hazards in the sub-Saharan Africa region, and an outline of SSA’s natural hazard profile is presented. Climate change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, thus influencing the occurrence of natural hazards in this region. Also emphasized are good practices in natural hazard governance, and SSA’s success stories are described. Finally, recommendations on governance arrangements for effective implementation of disaster risk reduction initiatives and measures are provided.

Preventing Disasters: Public Health Vulnerability Reduction as a Sustainable Adaptation to Climate Change

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Keim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
Weather Events

ABSTRACTGlobal warming could increase the number and severity of extreme weather events. These events are often known to result in public health disasters, but we can lessen the effects of these disasters. By addressing the factors that cause changes in climate, we can mitigate the effects of climate change. By addressing the factors that make society vulnerable to the effects of climate, we can adapt to climate change. To adapt to climate change, a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction has been proposed. By reducing human vulnerability to disasters, we can lessen—and at times even prevent—their impact.Human vulnerability is a complex phenomenon that comprises social, economic, health, and cultural factors. Because public health is uniquely placed at the community level, it has the opportunity to lessen human vulnerability to climate-related disasters. At the national and international level, a supportive policy environment can enable local adaptation to disaster events. The purpose of this article is to introduce the basic concept of disaster risk reduction so that it can be applied to preventing and mitigating the negative effects of climate change and to examine the role of community-focused public health as a means for lessening human vulnerability and, as a result, the overall risk of climate-related disasters.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:140–148)

General Recommendation No. 37 (2018) on the Gender-Related Dimensions of Disaster Risk Reduction in the Context of Climate Change

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-307
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
General Recommendation ◽  
The Right

This general recommendation provides guidance to States parties on the implementation of their obligations under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (the Convention) in relation to disaster risk reduction and climate change. In their reports submitted to the Committee pursuant to article 18, States parties should address general obligations to ensure substantive equality between women and men in all areas of life, as well as the specific guarantees in relation to those rights under the Convention that may be particularly affected by climate change and disasters, including extreme weather events such as floods and hurricanes, as well as slow-onset phenomena, such as the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, drought and sea-level rise. General recommendation 37 is intended to underscore the urgency of mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and to highlight the steps necessary to achieve gender equality, the realization of which will reinforce the resilience of individuals and communities globally in the context of climate change and disasters. It is also intended to contribute to coherence, accountability and the mutual reinforcement of international agendas on disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, by focusing on the impacts of climate change and disasters on women’s human rights including the right to live free from gender-based violence against women and girls, rights to education and information, rights to work and social protection, right to health, right to an adequate standard of living, and right to freedom of movement.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Fenomena Mesoscale Convective System (MCC) di Selat Karimata

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estri Diniyati ◽  
Yosafat Donni Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Mesoscale Convective System ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Convective System ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
Extreme Rain ◽  
Cloud Top Temperature ◽  
Cloud Core

Abstract—Indonesia located in the equatorial region which has potential to have a major impact on atmospheric physical conditions during extreme weather events such as the Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC). MCC is a phenomenon that was first discovered by (Maddox, 1980) where this phenomenon is characterized by the presence of a quasi-circular (almost circular) cloud shield with an eccentricity of 0.7 with a cloud cover area of 100,000 km², the cloud core area covers 50,000 km² and cloud top temperature IR1 -52 ℃. These cloud conditions last for a minimum of 6 hours and cause severe weather and extreme rain. This study aims to identify the MCC phenomenon in the Karimata Strait on 19-20 September 2020 which caused heavy rains in parts of the West coast of Kalimantan and Bangka Island using Himawari-8 Satellite imagery data and the MATLAB application. The results showed that on September 19, MCC was identified at 09.00-19.00 UTC, then on September 20, MCC was identified at 16.00-23.00 UTC. At the time of the MCC event, Bangka and Pontianak regions experienced extreme rains recorded on AWS Digi Stamet Pontianak with rainfall reaching 43.4 mm/hour and ARG Lubuk Besar Bangka Tengah with rainfall reaching 16.8 mm/hour. Keywords: mesoscale convective complex (MCC), himawari-8, MATLAB Abstrak—Indonesia merupakan negara yang terletak diwilayah ekuator dimana berpotensi memiliki dampak besar terhadap kondisi fisik atmosfer saat terjadi cuaca ekstrem seperti Mesoscale Convective Complex (MCC). MCC merupakan fenomena yang pertama kali ditemukan oleh (Maddox, 1980) dimana fenomena ini dicirikan dengan adanya perisai awan yang berbentuk quasi circular (hampir lingkaran) dengan eksentrisitas ≥ 0,7 dengan luas area selimut awan ≥ 100.000 km² , luas area inti awan mencakup ≥ 50.000 km² serta suhu puncak awan IR1 ≤ -52 ℃. Kondisi awan tersebut bertahan minimun selama 6 jam dan menyebabkan cuaca buruk dan hujan ekstrem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi fenomena MCC di Selat Karimata pada Tanggal 19-20 September 2020 yang menyebabkan hujan lebat di sebagian wilayah Kalimantan bagian pesisir Barat dan Pulau Bangka menggunakan data citra Satelit Himawari-8 dan aplikasi MATLAB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tanggal 19 September, MCC teridentifikasi pada pukul 09.00-19.00 UTC selanjutnya tanggal 20 September 2020 MCC teridentifikasi pada pukul 16.00-23.00 UTC. Pada saat peristiwa MCC, wilayah Bangka dan Pontianak mengalami hujan ekstrem yang tercatat pada AWS Digi Stasiun Meteorologi Pontianak dengan curah hujan mencapai 43,4 mm/jam dan ARG Lubuk Besar Bangka Tengah dengan curah hujan mencapai 16,8 mm/jam. Kata kunci: mesoscale convective complex (MCC), himawari-8, MATLAB

scholarly journals Disaster risk reduction compliance framework for public private partnership (PPP) port projects

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Champika Liyanage ◽  
Felix Villalba-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Need To Evaluate

Purpose This paper aims to identify success factors and resilience measures (RM) that contribute to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in public private partnerships (PPP) port projects in Asia. Significant losses have been associated with large-scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones and other extreme weather events, and thus, ports need to evaluate their resilience level and adopt relevant DRR strategies to improve it. Design/methodology/approach A step-by-step methodology, based on literature review, port cases analysis, questionnaire survey and expert opinions, was followed. Findings The paper provides a research instrument extracted from a large list of measures and factors after a combined screening process was carried out. This instrument offers policymakers and researchers a tool applicable to PPP port projects in Asian countries to evaluate the level of resilience. Research limitations/implications Relevant RM for some specific projects may have not been considered to obtain a standardised instrument. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to evaluate resilient port infrastructures and the output is a resilience framework to be used in PPP port projects in Asia.

scholarly journals THE ECONOMICS OF DISASTER RISK AND RECOVERY:  THREE ESSAYS ON SRI LANKA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Diana de Alwis
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Weather Events

<p>Dramatic increase of economic losses from Natural disasters derail economic and human development in many places. This dissertation sheds light on natural disaster risk and short-term and long-term household wellbeing after disasters. It is composed of three empirical studies of Sri Lanka. The first study examines the impacts of frequently occurring extreme weather events on individual health and health care cost using national household data. The analysis shows that local floods and droughts impose a significant risk to health when individuals are exposed directly and their communities indirectly to these hazards. These risks are associated with the land-use in the affected regions and the status of access to sanitation and hygiene. Health risks due to flood and drought cause a considerable economic burden on the private and public health care sectors. Finally, we learn that recurring extreme weather events may potentially be sources of significant health risk and economic cost to a rapidly growing developing country that call for alternative policies focusing on the socio-economic environment, and land use to manage these health risks. The second study estimates a difference- in- difference (DID) model to examine the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami’s long-term impacts on household wellbeing in Sri Lanka. The study finds a strong association between area-wide tsunami disaster shock and increases in household income and consumption in the long-term. The increase in consumption is much smaller than the observed increase in income; the study reveals an increase in food consumption and only a marginal increase in non-food consumption. The third study analyses the 2004 tsunami recovery’s impact on income distribution across households in the long-term in Sri Lanka using quantile difference-in-difference methods and inequality measures. Recovery of household income is observed across the entire distribution of affected households. The income recovery is skewed to low-income households; the affected regions appear more income-equal ex-post compared to the unaffected regions. A similar pattern appears for consumption. Finally, the findings in the second and third studies show a potential for a long-lasting and successful recovery from a catastrophic disaster.</p>

scholarly journals Disaster Preparedness and Mitigation in Indonesia: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumilah Ayuningtyas ◽  
Sri Windiarti ◽  
M. Sapoan Hadi ◽  
Ulya Uti Fasrini ◽  
Sandra Barinda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Remote Areas

Background: The tectonic activities at the meeting points of three large plates make Indonesia a high-risk disaster-prone area. Nevertheless, disaster risk reduction efforts in various regions of Indonesia are still lacking, in terms of both knowledge and the ability to analyze disaster risks. This study examines the implementation of disaster preparedness and mitigation in Indonesia. Methods: The method used in this study was narrative review. The authors collected the articles through searching for 3 data sources from 2016–2019 using Google Scholar, iSeek, and Microsoft Academic. Content analysis of all information to obtain the thematic phenomena of this study completed the methodological approach. Results: After applying the exclusion criteria and removing duplicates, six studies remained that focused on disaster mitigation in remote areas of Indonesia. Implementation of regulation and policy framework in disaster management is not yet optimal. Disaster preparedness and mitigation is characterized by the low utilization of technology and information related to the disaster, and various obstacles in the process of evacuation and transportation. Promoting local wisdom and enhancing it through integrating science can increase disaster resilience. Conclusion: The existence of a disaster-resilient village is very influential in community preparedness in dealing with disasters and other emergencies. This study provides some recommendations for disaster risk reduction: a) strengthening policies related to evacuation procedures in the health sector by local government, b) integrating transportation modes in remote areas, c) enhancing all parties with education and training, d) establishing community-based information systems; and e) strengthening the disaster resilience of villages.

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