scholarly journals On the Internalisation, Intraplasmodial Carriage and Excretion of Metallic Nanoparticles in the Slime Mould, Physarum Polycephalum

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mayne ◽  
David Patton ◽  
Ben de Lacy Costello ◽  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Rosemary Camilla Patton
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Silver Metal ◽  
Plasmodium Of Physarum Polycephalum

The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a large single cell visible with the naked eye. When inoculated on a substrate with attractants and repellents the plasmodium develops optimal networks of protoplasmic tubes which span sites of attractants (i.e. nutrients) yet avoid domains with a high nutrient concentration. It should therefore be possible to program the plasmodium towards deterministic adaptive transformation of internalised nano- and micro-scale materials. In laboratory experiments with magnetite nanoparticles and glass micro-spheres coated with silver metal the authors demonstrate that the plasmodium of P. polycephalum can propagate the nano-scale objects using a number of distinct mechanisms including endocytosis, transcytosis and dragging. The results of the authors’ experiments could be used in the development of novel techniques targeted towards the growth of metallised biological wires and hybrid nano- and micro-circuits.

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER TOM TURKEYS SUBJECTED TO A POST-HATCH FAST AND OFFERED STARTING RATIONS OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Medium Type

Commercial source, medium-type male poults were either placed in floor pens with food and water within 6 h after hatching or delayed a subsequent 24 h. Starting feed offered in each case was either of a normal (28% crude protein and 2,850 kcal ME/kg) or high (30% and 3,040 kcal) nutrient concentration. During the initial 2 wk, birds that had been fasted gained less weight but had a better feed conversion than those placed early. Poults which received a ration having a high nutrient concentration gained more weight and had a better feed conversion than those offered the normal diet. Mortality at this time was greater with birds subjected to a fast than those placed early. Having access to the higher nutrient concentration ration led to a greater mortaility than if the normal diet was employed. Body weight differences established during the first 2 wk remained throughout the experiment. Feed conversions of rations common to all groups during the subsequent 2- to 6-, 6-to 10- and 10- to 14-wk periods were not influenced by the early treatments after 6 wk of age. Slaughter at 14 wk did not reveal any differences in apparent carcass yield, conformation or finish grade. Degree of fleshing was reduced when poults were subjected to a post-hatch fast and partially improved when the high nutrient starting diet was fed. Effects of fasting and early nutrition on mortality and carcass changes are explained in terms of biochemical events occurring with the neonate.

Effect of dietary nutrient concentration on the performance of hens beginning lay in early summer

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Pell ◽  
RW Polkinghorne
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Hens of 2 laying strains were fed ad libitum from 20 to 72 weeks of age on 3 diets of different nutrient concentration. The start of lay coincided with the onset of the hot summer. During summer, birds on the diet with high nutrient concentration (HNC, 19% protein, 12.6 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg) had significantly higher intakes of ME (3% higher) and other nutrients than did those on the diets of medium (MNC, 18% protein, 11.7 MJ ME/kg) and low (LNC, 16% protein, 11.4 MJ ME/kg) nutrient concentration. Egg weight. egg mass and feed efficiency were greater on the HNC diet than on the MNC and LNC diets. Birds on the HNC diet produced more eggs (10% more) than those on the LNC diet. Over the cooler periods, feed intakes were inversely related to energy level, with no dietary effects on egg production. It is concluded that grain- and meat meal-based diets of low nutrient concentrations are unlikely to support maximum performance in early lay in hot conditions and that increased dietary nutrient concentrations can improve performance via increased nutrient intake.

scholarly journals THE WORLD'S COLONIZATION AND TRADE ROUTES FORMATION AS IMITATED BY SLIME MOULD

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (08) ◽  
pp. 1230028 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW ADAMATZKY
Keyword(s):  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Proximity Graphs ◽  
The World ◽  
Transportation Routes ◽  
The Silk Road ◽  
Plasmodium Of Physarum Polycephalum

The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is renowned for spanning sources of nutrients with networks of protoplasmic tubes. The networks transport nutrients and metabolites across the plasmodium's body. To imitate a hypothetical colonization of the world and the formation of major transportation routes we cut continents from agar plates arranged in Petri dishes or on the surface of a three-dimensional globe, represent positions of selected metropolitan areas with oat flakes and inoculate the plasmodium in one of the metropolitan areas. The plasmodium propagates towards the sources of nutrients, spans them with its network of protoplasmic tubes and even crosses bare substrate between the continents. From the laboratory experiments we derive weighted Physarum graphs, analyze their structure, compare them with the basic proximity graphs and generalized graphs derived from the Silk Road and the Asia Highway networks.

scholarly journals High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetta Penttinen ◽  
Hanna Kinnula ◽  
Anssi Lipponen ◽  
Jaana K. H. Bamford ◽  
Lotta-Riina Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Factor Expression ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

scholarly journals Nutrient Concentration and Fruit Thinning Affect Shelf Life of Long English Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Lin ◽  
D.L. Ehret
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Long English cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were treated with one of three nutrient concentrations in combination with two fruit thinning treatments forming a 3 × 2 factorial greenhouse experiment. High nutrient concentration enhanced fruit color at harvest and prolonged shelf life but reduced marketable fruit per plant. Thinning of one-third of the fruit from the main stem and laterals had a similar effect. Cucumbers harvested from the upper canopy generally had longer shelf life than those from the lower canopy. Shelf life was correlated with fruit color at harvest.

DEVELOPING PROXIMITY GRAPHS BY PHYSARUM POLYCEPHALUM: DOES THE PLASMODIUM FOLLOW THE TOUSSAINT HIERARCHY?

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 105-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW ADAMATZKY
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Delaunay Triangulation ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Minimal Spanning Tree ◽  
Proximity Graphs ◽  
Relative Neighborhood Graph ◽  
Plasmodium Of Physarum Polycephalum

Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum spans sources of nutrients and constructs varieties of protoplasmic networks during its foraging behavior. When the plasmodium is placed on a substrate populated with sources of nutrients, it spans the sources with protoplasmic network. The plasmodium optimizes the network to deliver efficiently the nutrients to all parts of its body. How exactly does the protoplasmic network unfold during the plasmodium's foraging behavior? What types of proximity graphs are approximated by the network? Does the plasmodium construct a minimal spanning tree first and then add additional protoplasmic veins to increase reliability and through-capacity of the network? We analyze a possibility that the plasmodium constructs a series of proximity graphs: nearest-neighbour graph (NNG), minimum spanning tree (MST), relative neighborhood graph (RNG), Gabriel graph (GG) and Delaunay triangulation (DT). The graphs can be arranged in the inclusion hierarchy (Toussaint hierarchy): NNG ⊆ MST ⊆ RNG ⊆ GG ⊆ DT . We aim to verify if graphs, where nodes are sources of nutrients and edges are protoplasmic tubes, appear in the development of the plasmodium in the order NNG → MST → RNG → GG → DT , corresponding to inclusion of the proximity graphs.

The Source of Muddy Odor in Bream (Abramis brama) from the Porvoo Sea Area (Gulf of Finland)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Edvin Persson
Keyword(s):  
Abramis Brama ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Bream Abramis Brama ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Oscillatoria Agardhii ◽  
Sea Area

The study area was a shallow, extremely eutrophic, somewhat brackish water bay on the south coast of Finland. Muddy odor in bream (Abramis brama) was significantly correlated with the amount of the blue-green alga Oscillatoria agardhii occurring in the phytoplankton. Cultures dominated by this alga contained the muddy odor compound geosmin. The high concentrations of O. agardhii in the study area were caused by several interacting factors, of which the high nutrient concentration and the temperature of the water seemed to be especially important. Odoriferous actinomycetes isolated from the water produced the muddy odor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, but there seemed to be a lag time of several weeks between maximal concentrations of actinomycetes and development of off-flavors in the fish. Key words: geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, Oscillatoria agardhii, actinomycetes, flavor, fish, eutrophication

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