Development of the Low Toxic Cross Polar Air Transport using Innovative Hydrogen Projection for Large Aircraft and Airships

The new shortly and low cost Regular Airlines Cargo & PAX directions via Arctic Cross Polar Air Transportation Routes of the future High Ecology Efficiency and Safety ICAO Strategy will be base on the more perspective for Trans Continental Airlines Operations by IATA International Law Regulations and World Climate Protect Law. Using the more shortly directions of Trans Polar Flight for Long-Haul Aircrafts (LHA) Routes by leader Airlines Sky Teams with Aeroflot are request to find new Geometrical Layout of Aircraft Design Industrial Projections & Products Lines. The increase in the dimension of LHA came into conflict with modern Airport Infrastructure and led to the search for alternative Arctic Planes & Dirigibles Options for constructively layout circuit solutions with protection of minimum weight and drag issues in order to deal with this contradiction. Computer Digital Aircraft Structural-Parametric Analysis of the influence of Aviation Infrastructure Constraints in the basing of LHA on the choice of alternative Design Options for Lift Fuselage Body or Flying-V layout was carried out.

Ecotourism in Times of Covid-19: A Systematic Review from the Five Continents on How This Activity is Being Carried Out and What Proposals They Have for the Near Future

The emergence of the covid-19 virus has prompted governments in several countries to close their international borders, close transportation routes and decree quarantines as a public health measure to prevent the spread of the virus among the population. Globally, essential businesses have continued to operate, while others such as tourism must wait. Ecotourism is a sustainable activity that attracts tourists concerned about the environment and local culture, which generates income for the locals. In order to have a broader picture of how the ecotourism sector is dealing with covid-19, a systematic review was conducted to identify Scopus records detailing such evidence disclosed from 2020 to the first quarter of 2021. As results, records were identified in the five continents, which agree that the pandemic has negatively affected the income of local people, who have been forced to close their businesses and even perform illegal acts; however, there are also encouraging proposals of economic reactivation plans presented by villagers, who expect the opening of this activity to operate keeping all the health safety measures decreed by their governments. Received: 6 May 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

Study of Flood Disaster Mitigation Analysis for Transportation Routes in Panakukkang District, Makassar City

This study conducted an analysis study of flood disaster mitigation for transportation routes in the Panakukkang district of Makassar City. By using ArcGis software, the results of the simulation of safe and vulnerable zone levels based on color indicators are known. There are 5 villages in Panakukkang District which are flood safe zones, with the number of evacuation sites, namely 21 buildings. Then there are 4 villages which are flood alert zones with 2 evacuation sites, 2 buildings. On the first evacuation route there are 8 reference points namely Reference Point C with the distance to the nearest evacuation site 3.22 km and a travel time of 64.3 minutes. Then the reference point A with a distance to the nearest evacuation site is 2.85 km and a travel time of 57 minutes. While the reference point F is the closest point to the nearest evacuation distance 0.71 km and the travel time is 14.2 minutes. All these reference points require travel speeds of 3 km / h on foot. On the second evacuation route there are 6 Reference Points namely reference point A with distance to the nearest evacuation point 1.94 km and travel time 38.8 minutes, reference point E with distance to nearest evacuation location 1.23 km and travel time 24.6 minutes. Then at the reference point C is the closest point to the nearest evacuation distance 0.72 km and the travel time is 14.4 minutes.

Establishment and Application of a Monitoring Strategy for Living Modified Cotton in Natural Environments in South Korea

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown worldwide for its natural hollow fibers and is used as cattle feed. Living modified (LM) cotton is not cultivated in South Korea and must be imported for food, feed, and processing. From 2009 to 2013, the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and the National Institute of Ecology (NIE) conducted a natural environment monitoring and post-management initiative for living modified organisms (LMOs) in some areas to reduce the likelihood of harmful effects caused by unintentionally discharged LMOs during transportation and use. In this study, we adopted a new strategy to identify unintentionally released LM cotton plants nationwide from 2014 to 2018. A total of 451 suspicious cotton samples were collected from 3921 survey sites. Among them, we identified 255 LM cotton plants, of which approximately 72.2% had transgenic herbicide and insecticide traits. The majority of the samples were collected from the roadside along transportation routes and from stockbreeding farms. This study establishes an LMO safety management system to efficiently maintain conservation efforts in South Korea. Our findings suggest that these efforts may play a key role in safely transporting, using, and managing approved LMOs, as well as in regulating unintentionally released LMOs, in order to preserve the natural ecosystem of South Korea.

STUDY OF ECONOMIC CLASS PASSENGER RATES FOR PEOPLE TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL IN NORTH KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

<p>Establishing North Kalimantan as the 34^th province in Indonesia with the provincial capital located in Tanjung Selor, Bulungan Regency, has influenced the pattern of transportation used by society between regions. Previously, most people traveled to Tarakan city by sea transportation because Tarakan is an island city and has a strategic role regionally as a National Activity Center (PKN) in North Kalimantan. Since January 2020, the North Kalimantan Transportation Service has permitted public transportation routes to Perum DAMRI Tanjung Selor Branch to serve three round-trips (pp) routes, namely: Tanjung Selor-Malinau (TGS-MLN), Tanjung Selor-Tana Tidung (TJS-KTT), and Malinau-Salang (MLN-SLG). This study aims to find the ideal fare for public transportation for people on the route, taking into account the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC), the ability and willingness to pay (ATP and WTP) of DAMRI Bus users, as well as the user's willingness to pay. Pay more or WTP from Contingency Valuation (WTP-CV) if you get better service during the trip. The current single-trip DAMRI Bus fare is IDR 150,000.00 for the TJS-MLN/MLN-TJS route, the TJS-KTT/KTT-TJS route is IDR 100,000.00, and for the MLN-SLG/SLG-MLN route of IDR 50,000.00. The results of the study based on the VOC obtained one-time trip rates for each route, respectively: IDR 135,633.21, IDR 119,046.86 and IDR 35,186.00. The respondents' ATP analysis results obtained a one-time trip fare for each route in a row: IDR 142,994.05, IDR 119.747.47 and IDR 63.750.00. Meanwhile, respondents' WTP was obtained for each route: IDR 110,519.48, IDR 94,545.45, and IDR 39,107.14. The respondents' WTP-CV values were also obtained on each route, amounting to IDR 14,675.32, IDR 11,409.09, and IDR 8,303.57. Considering the captive rider as an economy class passenger and the benefits of the DAMRI Bus operator, the proposed tariffs for each route are IDR 130,000, IDR 110,000, and IDR 48,000.</p>

A GIS-Based Modeling Approach for Determining the Efficiency of the Traffic System between Ancient Military Castles

Ancient Chinese military castles were equipped with rapid transportation routes for mutual aid, and this was an essential indicator of regional defense capability. However, since the sites of these transportation routes have mostly disappeared, it is not easy to examine the actual distribution of these routes. It is necessary to speculate the trend and position of military routes on the basis of the castle locations. In this study, the geographic features of each castle location were extracted as factors affecting the efficiency of the intercastle transportation system using the ArcGIS cost path function. By analyzing the fit of each factor for screening and weight assignment, a time cost path was established, and a model was generated for calculating the efficiency of this transportation system. The Weihai area, a typical representation of sea defense during the Chinese Ming Dynasty, was taken as an example for simulation. Overall, five ancient military transportation routes were restored. The establishment of the Ming Dynasty Wendengying transformed the linear defense layout of the Weihai region into a longitudinal network layout, and its site selection was of great benefit to the overall defense of the coastal citadel of Weihai. This model breaks the traditional limitations of relying on subjective speculation for ancient road restoration and dramatically improves its accuracy and credibility. Moreover, it makes a significant contribution to judging the road systems of ancient cities in different regions and provides a new idea to quantify the efficiency of ancient castle defenses.

Strategies for organizing and improving urban space (Case study: from Mahbas intersection to Mission intersection, Ahmad Shah Baba Mineh town)

The city is a place for human life, where all the components necessary for human life must be present in the city so that human beings can live physically and mentally in peace. The cities of Afghanistan, especially the residential town of Ahmad Shah Baba Mina, are facing many problems. The purpose of this research was to investigate the problems of this town and to provide suggestions for its improvement and organization. The method of this research is library, perception and field considerations. Targeted interviews were conducted with 12 people who were familiar with urban design and urban planning issues. The analysis was performed by SWOT technique and space arrangement. The research results show that this town is faced with challenges such as transportation problems, lack of proper sidewalks, lack of urban furniture, visual personality and identity issues, environmental challenges, lack of proper distribution of land uses, congestion in public spaces. And there are issues that have changed the physical appearance and public spaces. During this research, suggestions for setting up public transportation routes, setting up vendors and new neighborhoods for their activities, Create special bike lanes, Improving the quality of public spaces has been provided to create public activities, improve public spaces as well as promote sensory richness.

By the problem of the possibility of technological movement of large assembly units along ice transportation routes

В настоящей работе авторами приводится теоретический анализ практической возможности транспортирования тяжеловесного судового оборудования или сборочно-монтажных единиц (СМЕ) судового оборудования по специально созданным технологическим ледяным путям. Для обоснования выбранной темы научного исследования авторы ссылаются на ряд литературных источников, посвященных вопросам практического использования льда в качестве материала для транспортирования различных грузов. Приводятся примеры использования льда для создания: взлетно-посадочных полос аэродромов; переправ через водные преграды; зимних трасс в северных широтах в Росси и ряде других стран для транспортирования тяжеловесных сооружений и т.п. Авторами рассматриваются физико-механические свойства пресноводного льда с целью определения параметров транспортировочных балок, включающих в свой состав опорный ледяной массив. В статье приведена схема расположения и назначение элементов транспортировочной оснастки, расположенной под полкой агрегата СМЕ. Выполненное теоретическое исследование совместной работы транспортировочной балки с ледяным массивом, упругой компенсирующей прокладкой и жесткой полкой СМЕ позволило установить взаимосвязь толщины ледового бруса и толщины прокладки с упругой деформацией транспортировочного пути и его жесткостью, используя которую можно обоснованно назначать: - толщину сечения ледового бруса и грузонесущей балки; - параметры сечения и материал компенсирующей прокладки; - размеры транспортировочной балки и в целом конструкцию транспортировочных путей. In this article, the authors investigate the theoretical analysis of the practical possibilities of transporting heavyweight ship equipment or assembly units of ship equipment on the specially created technological ice paths. For substantiate the chosen theme of scientific research, the authors refer to a number of scientific sources devoted to the practical use of ice as a material for the transportation of various cargoes. Examples of using ice to create: airfield runways; crossings over water obstacles; winter routes in the northern territories of Russia and other countries for the transportation of heavy constructions, etc. The authors investigate the physical and mechanical properties of freshwater ice in order to determine the parameters of the transport beams, which include the supporting ice block. The article shows the layout and purpose of the elements of the transportation equipment located under the shelf of the assembly unit. The results theoretical research of the operation of a transport beam with the ice block, the elastic compensating gasket and the bearing construction assembly unit made possible to determine the correlation between the thickness of the ice block and the thickness of the gasket with the elastic deformation of the transportation path and its rigidity, using which one we can reasonably assign: - the thickness of the section of the ice block and the load-carrying beam; - section parameters and material of the compensating gasket; - the parameters of the transport beam and the construction of the transport routes in general.

Iran’s Security Interests and Policies in the South Caucasus

The aim of this essay is to demonstrate that cooperation and competition between Russia, Iran, and Turkey requires ongoing regional political recalibrations regarding oil and gas pipelines and transportation routes. We argue that while much has changed in regional politics, Russian domination of the region remains intact, with Tehran and Ankara finding themselves in constant competition with each other while also balancing their interests versus those of Russia. We first review oil and gas pipelines administered by the Republic of Azerbaijan, the major beneficiary of the U.S. sanctions on Iran and the recent Nagorno-Karabakh war. We then explore a comparative analysis of the security interests and strategies of Iran, Russia, and Turkey toward the South Caucasus. Finally, we examine the way in which the second Nagorno-Karabakh war has posed new challenges to Iran’s interests and policies in the region.