Effect of dietary nutrient concentration on the performance of hens beginning lay in early summer

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Pell ◽  
RW Polkinghorne
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Hens of 2 laying strains were fed ad libitum from 20 to 72 weeks of age on 3 diets of different nutrient concentration. The start of lay coincided with the onset of the hot summer. During summer, birds on the diet with high nutrient concentration (HNC, 19% protein, 12.6 MJ metabolisable energy (ME)/kg) had significantly higher intakes of ME (3% higher) and other nutrients than did those on the diets of medium (MNC, 18% protein, 11.7 MJ ME/kg) and low (LNC, 16% protein, 11.4 MJ ME/kg) nutrient concentration. Egg weight. egg mass and feed efficiency were greater on the HNC diet than on the MNC and LNC diets. Birds on the HNC diet produced more eggs (10% more) than those on the LNC diet. Over the cooler periods, feed intakes were inversely related to energy level, with no dietary effects on egg production. It is concluded that grain- and meat meal-based diets of low nutrient concentrations are unlikely to support maximum performance in early lay in hot conditions and that increased dietary nutrient concentrations can improve performance via increased nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Nutrient Concentration and Fruit Thinning Affect Shelf Life of Long English Cucumber

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.C. Lin ◽  
D.L. Ehret
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Long English cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants were treated with one of three nutrient concentrations in combination with two fruit thinning treatments forming a 3 × 2 factorial greenhouse experiment. High nutrient concentration enhanced fruit color at harvest and prolonged shelf life but reduced marketable fruit per plant. Thinning of one-third of the fruit from the main stem and laterals had a similar effect. Cucumbers harvested from the upper canopy generally had longer shelf life than those from the lower canopy. Shelf life was correlated with fruit color at harvest.

scholarly journals On the Internalisation, Intraplasmodial Carriage and Excretion of Metallic Nanoparticles in the Slime Mould, Physarum Polycephalum

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mayne ◽  
David Patton ◽  
Ben de Lacy Costello ◽  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Rosemary Camilla Patton
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Physarum Polycephalum ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Silver Metal ◽  
Plasmodium Of Physarum Polycephalum

The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a large single cell visible with the naked eye. When inoculated on a substrate with attractants and repellents the plasmodium develops optimal networks of protoplasmic tubes which span sites of attractants (i.e. nutrients) yet avoid domains with a high nutrient concentration. It should therefore be possible to program the plasmodium towards deterministic adaptive transformation of internalised nano- and micro-scale materials. In laboratory experiments with magnetite nanoparticles and glass micro-spheres coated with silver metal the authors demonstrate that the plasmodium of P. polycephalum can propagate the nano-scale objects using a number of distinct mechanisms including endocytosis, transcytosis and dragging. The results of the authors’ experiments could be used in the development of novel techniques targeted towards the growth of metallised biological wires and hybrid nano- and micro-circuits.

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS QUALITY OF BROILER TOM TURKEYS SUBJECTED TO A POST-HATCH FAST AND OFFERED STARTING RATIONS OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT CONCENTRATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. MORAN Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Medium Type

Commercial source, medium-type male poults were either placed in floor pens with food and water within 6 h after hatching or delayed a subsequent 24 h. Starting feed offered in each case was either of a normal (28% crude protein and 2,850 kcal ME/kg) or high (30% and 3,040 kcal) nutrient concentration. During the initial 2 wk, birds that had been fasted gained less weight but had a better feed conversion than those placed early. Poults which received a ration having a high nutrient concentration gained more weight and had a better feed conversion than those offered the normal diet. Mortality at this time was greater with birds subjected to a fast than those placed early. Having access to the higher nutrient concentration ration led to a greater mortaility than if the normal diet was employed. Body weight differences established during the first 2 wk remained throughout the experiment. Feed conversions of rations common to all groups during the subsequent 2- to 6-, 6-to 10- and 10- to 14-wk periods were not influenced by the early treatments after 6 wk of age. Slaughter at 14 wk did not reveal any differences in apparent carcass yield, conformation or finish grade. Degree of fleshing was reduced when poults were subjected to a post-hatch fast and partially improved when the high nutrient starting diet was fed. Effects of fasting and early nutrition on mortality and carcass changes are explained in terms of biochemical events occurring with the neonate.

scholarly journals High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reetta Penttinen ◽  
Hanna Kinnula ◽  
Anssi Lipponen ◽  
Jaana K. H. Bamford ◽  
Lotta-Riina Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Factor Expression ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Influence of different concentrations of metabolisable energy at constant ratio to dietary protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and phosphorus on the performance of White Leghorn layers in the tropics

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Rama Rao ◽  
M. V. L. N. Raju ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
A. K. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Phytate Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Bird Colony ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
The Tropics

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient density on the performance (21–72 weeks of age) of White Leghorn layers reared in an open-sided poultry house in the tropics. Six diets with graded levels (9.62–11.72 MJ/kg) of metabolisable energy (ME) with an increment of 0.42 MJ were formulated. Concentrations of crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus were kept constant to ME in all diets (15.9, 0.73, 0.35, 3.19 and 0.31 g/MJ ME, respectively). At 21 weeks of age, a total of 5280 birds was distributed randomly in 4-bird colony cages and 22 such cages in a row constituted one replicate. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates from 21 to 72 weeks of age and performance parameters were recorded at 28-day intervals (period, 1–13). Egg production (EP) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary ME and maximum response in EP was observed when dietary ME levels ranged between 10.93 and 11.69 MJ/kg during the majority of periods, while in periods 6, 7 and 8 (summer, 28−37°C), maximum EP was observed at higher ME levels in diet (11.64–11.69 MJ/kg diet). Feed intake (P < 0.01) decreased, feed efficiency (P < 0.01), egg mass (P < 0.01) and weight gain (P < 0.05) improved quadratically with increase in dietary ME concentration. Maximum feed efficiency was observed at 11.36 MJ ME/kg diet during 21–72 weeks of age. Egg shell defects were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary nutrient density. Mortality reduced quadratically with increase in dietary ME concentration and mortality was minimum at 11.64 MJ ME/kg diet. Based on results from the experiment it was concluded that White Leghorn layers (21–72 weeks of age) require 11.36 MJ ME/kg diet for maximum egg production, feed efficiency and egg mass with better liveability. The calculated intake of metabolisable energy, crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus in layers fed 11.30 MJ ME/kg diet was 1.157 MJ, 18.42 g, 865 mg, 409 mg, 3.68 g and 358 mg per bird per day, respectively.

scholarly journals Arsenic Accumulation and Biotransformation Affected by Nutrients (N and P) in Common Blooming-Forming Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek ex Komárek (Cyanobacteria)

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Zhe Xiao ◽  
Xiaochuang Li ◽  
Shouliang Huo
Keyword(s):  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
Arsenic Accumulation ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Extracellular Level ◽  
Microcystis Wesenbergii ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration

Arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in algae was mostly carried out in a medium that contained far higher nutrient concentrations than that in natural freshwaters. The obtained results might have limited environmental validity and result in a failure to describe authentic arsenic biogeochemical cycles in natural freshwater systems. To validate the assumption, arsenic accumulation, and biotransformation in common bloom forming Microcystis wesenbergii was performed under a high nutrient concentration in BG11 medium (N = 250 mg/L, P = 7.13 mg/L), and adjusted low nutrients that mimicked values in natural freshwaters (N = 1.5 mg/L, P = 0.3 mg/L). The growth rate and maximum M. wesenbergii cell density were much lower in the high nutrient set, but more inhibition was shown with increasing ambient iAs(V) concentrations both in the high and low nutrient sets. The proportion of intracellular contents in total arsenicals decreased with increasing iAs(V) concentrations in both high and low nutrient sets but increased with incubation time. Intracellular iAs(III) was not found in the high nutrient set, while it formed high concentrations that could be comparable to that of an extracellular level in the low nutrient set. M. wesenbergii could methylate arsenic, and a higher proportion of organoarsenicals was formed in the low nutrient set. Lower intracellular MMA(V) and DMA(V) concentrations were found in the high nutrient set; contrarily, they presented a higher concentration that could be comparable to the extracellular ones in the low nutrient set. The results demonstrated that different nutrient regimes could affect arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in M. wesenbergii, and low nutrient concentrations could inhibit the excretion of iAs(III), MMA(V) and DMA(V) out of cells. Further investigations should be based on natural freshwater systems to obtain an authentic arsenic accumulation and biotransformation in cyanobacteria.

Probiotics in the diets of laying quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. Merzlyakova ◽  
V. Rogachyev ◽  
V. Chegodaev
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Cost

The efficiency of introducing probiotics based on strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium in the amount of 150 g/t of feed into the diets of laying quails has been studied. The experiment lasting 182 days has been carried out on four groups of quails with 30 heads in each. The quails have been housed in the broiler battery in compliance with the required microclimate conditions. Quails of all groups have been received the main diet (compound feed) developed taking into account their age and physiological characteristics. The quails of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd experimental groups in addition to the main diet received probiotics (150 g/t compound feed) based on strains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and their consortium, respectively. It has been found that feeding the laying quails of the consortium of strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis had the most significant positive impact on their productive performance, it allowed to increase egg production by 7,81 %, egg laying intensity by 5,0 %, egg mass yield by 9,77 %, while reducing feed expenditures for 10 eggs by 13,35 %. The yield of hatching eggs has been increased by 7,03 %, hatchability of chickens from laid and fertilized eggs by 8,33 and 8,35 %, brooding waste decreased by 21,74 %. Hematological parameters of quails during the whole experiment were within the physiological norm. The economic effect calculated on the basis of data on the cost of compound feed, probiotics and the cost of sold eggs of quail laying was 14,56 % in the 3rd experimental group (in relation to the control group).

Nutrient Input and Trophic Status of the “Neue Donau”, a High-Water Control System along the River Danube in Vienna, Austria

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dokulil ◽  
G. A. Janauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control System ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
High Water ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
River Danube ◽  
High Nutrient

The system “Neue Donau” functions as a control system for high waters of the river Danube and is an important recreational area for many people. Water quality and trophic status of the water body is thereforeof prime importance. The high nutrient concentrations of the river Danube (P-tot 238±41µg/l, N-tot 2.53±0.78 mg/l) reach the system via groundwater seepage. Present conditions in the basin of Neue Donau are,as a result of this nutrient in-flux,eutrophic to hypertrophic. Average values during the summer period have declined from 366 µg/l total phosphorus to 78 µg/l, and from 86 µg/l chlorophyll-a tol7µg/l between the years 1985 and 1988. However, a dam which is planned in the river at Vienna will permanently raise the water level of the river thus increasing the the groundwater flow in the direction to the Neue Donau and therefore the nutrient input which will enhance trophic conditions in the impoundment. Since macrophytes play an important role in one part of the system macrophyte management together with measures along the river are some of the suggested strategies to keep the system Neue Donau at acceptable trophic conditions and good water quality.

The Source of Muddy Odor in Bream (Abramis brama) from the Porvoo Sea Area (Gulf of Finland)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Edvin Persson
Keyword(s):  
Abramis Brama ◽  
Blue Green Alga ◽  
Bream Abramis Brama ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Odor Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
High Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Oscillatoria Agardhii ◽  
Sea Area

The study area was a shallow, extremely eutrophic, somewhat brackish water bay on the south coast of Finland. Muddy odor in bream (Abramis brama) was significantly correlated with the amount of the blue-green alga Oscillatoria agardhii occurring in the phytoplankton. Cultures dominated by this alga contained the muddy odor compound geosmin. The high concentrations of O. agardhii in the study area were caused by several interacting factors, of which the high nutrient concentration and the temperature of the water seemed to be especially important. Odoriferous actinomycetes isolated from the water produced the muddy odor compounds geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, but there seemed to be a lag time of several weeks between maximal concentrations of actinomycetes and development of off-flavors in the fish. Key words: geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, Oscillatoria agardhii, actinomycetes, flavor, fish, eutrophication

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