Ethics, Risk, and Media Intervention

Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates are of concern among Latin American women, mainly due to the growing prevalence of this disease and the lack of compliance to proper breast cancer screening and treatment. Focusing on Venezuelan women and the challenges and barriers that interact with their health communication, this paper looks into issues surrounding women's breast cancer, such as the challenges and barriers to breast cancer care, the relevant ethics and responsibilities, the right to health, breast cancer risk perception and risk communication, and the media interventions that affect Venezuelan women's perceptions and actions pertaining to this disease. In particular, it describes an action-oriented research project in Venezuela that was conducted over a four-year period of collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include positive indications on more effective interactions between physicians and patients, increasing satisfactions about issues of ethical treatment in providing healthcare services, more sufficient and responsible media coverage of breast cancer healthcare services and information, a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela, and the creation of a code of ethics for the Venezuelan NGO that led the expansion of networking in support of women's breast cancer healthcare.

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Risk, Activism, and Empowerment

Oncology ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch029 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 739-762

Author(s):

Mahmoud Eid ◽

Isaac Nahon-Serfaty

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Collaborative Work ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Community Members ◽

Self Advocacy ◽

Low Health Literacy ◽

The Right ◽

Prevention Methods

The prevalence of breast cancer in Venezuela is particularly alarming, which is attributed to healthcare inequalities, low health literacy, and lagging compliance with prevention methods (i.e., screening and mammography). While the right to health is acknowledged by the Venezuelan constitution, activism beyond governmental confines is required to increase women's breast cancer awareness and decrease mortality rates. Through the development of social support and strategic communicative methods enacted by healthcare providers, it may be possible to empower women with the tools necessary for breast cancer prevention. This paper discusses issues surrounding women's breast cancer, such as awareness of the disease and its risks, self-advocacy, and the roles of activists, healthcare providers, and society. Specifically, it describes a four-year action-oriented research project developed in Venezuela, which was a collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include higher levels of awareness and interest among community members and organizations to learn and seek more information about women's breast cancer, better understandings of the communicated messages, more media coverage and medical consultations, increasing positive patient treatments, expansion of networking of NGOs, as well as a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela.

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Risk, Activism, and Empowerment

International Journal of Civic Engagement and Social Change ◽

10.4018/ijcesc.2015010104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 43-64

Author(s):

Mahmoud Eid ◽

Isaac Nahon-Serfaty

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Media Coverage ◽

Collaborative Work ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Community Members ◽

Self Advocacy ◽

Low Health Literacy ◽

The Right ◽

Prevention Methods

The prevalence of breast cancer in Venezuela is particularly alarming, which is attributed to healthcare inequalities, low health literacy, and lagging compliance with prevention methods (i.e., screening and mammography). While the right to health is acknowledged by the Venezuelan constitution, activism beyond governmental confines is required to increase women's breast cancer awareness and decrease mortality rates. Through the development of social support and strategic communicative methods enacted by healthcare providers, it may be possible to empower women with the tools necessary for breast cancer prevention. This paper discusses issues surrounding women's breast cancer, such as awareness of the disease and its risks, self-advocacy, and the roles of activists, healthcare providers, and society. Specifically, it describes a four-year action-oriented research project developed in Venezuela, which was a collaborative work among researchers, practitioners, NGOs, patients, journalists, and policymakers. The outcomes include higher levels of awareness and interest among community members and organizations to learn and seek more information about women's breast cancer, better understandings of the communicated messages, more media coverage and medical consultations, increasing positive patient treatments, expansion of networking of NGOs, as well as a widely supported declaration for a national response against breast cancer in Venezuela.

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Changing patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality by education level over four decades in Norway, 1971–2009

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckw148 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cassia B. Trewin ◽

Bjørn Heine Strand ◽

Harald Weedon-Fekjær ◽

Giske Ursin

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Education Level ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Changing Patterns

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Breast Cancer

10.2310/fm.1183 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nancy E Davidson

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

United States ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Stage Iv ◽

The United States ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Stage Iv Breast Cancer ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Invasive breast cancer, the most common nonskin cancer in women in the United States, will be diagnosed in 266,120 In 2018, along with 63,960 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer. Incidence and mortality reached a plateau and appear to be dropping in both the United States and parts of western Europe. This decline has been attributed to several factors, such as early detection through the use of screening mammography and appropriate use of systemic adjuvant therapy, as well as decreased use of hormone replacement therapy. However, the global burden of breast cancer remains great, and global breast cancer incidence increased from 641,000 in 1980 to 1,643,000 in 2010, an annual rate of increase of 3.1%. This chapter examines the etiology, epidemiology, prevention, screening, staging, and prognosis of breast cancer. The diagnoses and treatments of the four stages of breast cancer are also included. Figures include algorithms used for the systemic treatment of stage IV breast cancer and hormone therapy for women with stage IV breast cancer. Tables describe selected outcomes from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) P-1 and P-2 chemoprevention trials, tamoxifen chemoprevention trials for breast cancer, the TNM staging system and stage groupings for breast cancer, some commonly used adjuvant chemotherapy regimens, an algorithm for suggested treatment for patients with operable breast cancer from the 2011 St. Gallen consensus conference, guidelines for surveillance of asymptomatic early breast cancer survivors from the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and newer agents for metastatic breast cancer commercially available in the United States. This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 8 tables, and 108 references.

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OncotypeDx scores according to race/ethnicity and age in a diverse cohort of breast cancer patients.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e12512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e12512-e12512

Author(s):

Eileen Chen ◽

Corinne Jones ◽

Ian Pagano ◽

Jami Aya Fukui

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

White Women ◽

Native Hawaiian ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Pacific Islander ◽

Oncotype Dx ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Race Ethnicity

e12512 Background: Breast cancer incidence and mortality rate differ across racial/ethnic populations in the US, but little is known about the relationship between Oncotype DX scores and race/ethnicity. Oncotype DX scores are used in early stage, hormone positive breast cancers to estimate the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence and benefit from receiving chemotherapy. Most available literature assesses disparities between race and receipt of an Oncotype DX score, with only some assessing distribution of scores by race. Populations previously studied mainly focus on Black compared to White women, with very few including Asian and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander subpopulations. When included, they are often grouped together as Asian/Pacific Islander. Current studies suggest there is a similar distribution of scores among Black and White women, but some studies report that Black women may be more likely to have high-risk scores. Methods: We examined 476 unique breast cancer cases in the Hawaii Pacific Health system diagnosed in 2018-2020. We used univariable and multivariable analyses on all of those cases that received an Oncotype DX score to determine correlation to age and race. Results: In 328 breast cancer cases that received an Oncotype DX score, age of diagnosis ranged from 29 to 84 with race/ethnicity including Japanese (n = 90, 27%), White (n = 78, 24%), Filipino (n = 54, 17%), Native Hawaiian (n = 52, 16%), Chinese (n = 24, 7%), and other (n = 30, 9%) populations. Cases with age at diagnosis between 60-69 (n = 118, 36%) were found to have a mean Oncotype DX score of 13.91 (CI 12.19-15.62, p = 0.04) which was statistically lower than other ages groups on both univariable and multivariable analysis. We found no other significant relationships between Oncotype DX score and race or age at diagnosis on our analyses. Conclusions: These findings contribute more information about Oncotype DX scores within Asian and Native Hawaiian populations to the available literature.

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