Emotional Acumen on the Propensity of Graduating Technology Students to Whistle-Blow About Organizational Cyber Security Breaches

Emotional acumen is relatively a new concept compared to the other decision-making variables in the existing literature. Comprehending the procedure in which the individuals captivate themselves in ethical decision-making and the factors stimulating this procedure may be imperative for burgeoning more efficient education for ethics. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission issued new guidance calling on public companies to be more forthcoming when disclosing nature and scope of cybersecurity breaches. The statement also warns that corporate insiders must not trade shares when they have information about cybersecurity issues that is not public yet. Understanding the emotional underpinnings is critical to guiding how individuals deal with the complex nature of morally infused predicaments, their awareness of the moral dilemma, judgments about the potential consequences and their intention to act or propensity to whistle-blow related to cybersecurity breaches are significantly affected by the emotional acumen.

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Fuzzy-Based Symmetrical Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Procedure for Evaluating the Impact of Harmful Factors of Healthcare Information Security

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12040664 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 664 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rajeev Kumar ◽

Abhishek Kumar Pandey ◽

Abdullah Baz ◽

Hosam Alhakami ◽

Wajdi Alhakami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Security ◽

Information Management ◽

Cyber Security ◽

Cyber Attacks ◽

Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽

Local Hospital ◽

Healthcare Information ◽

Security Breaches ◽

The Impact

Growing concern about healthcare information security in the wake of alarmingly rising cyber-attacks is being given symmetrical priority by current researchers and cyber security experts. Intruders are penetrating symmetrical mechanisms of healthcare information security continuously. In the same league, the paper presents an overview on the current situation of healthcare information and presents a layered model of healthcare information management in organizations. The paper also evaluates the various factors that have a key contribution in healthcare information security breaches through a hybrid fuzzy-based symmetrical methodology of AHP-TOPSIS. Furthermore, for assessing the effect of the calculated results, the authors have tested the results on local hospital software of Varanasi. Tested results of the factors are validated through the comparison and sensitivity analysis in this study. Tabulated results of the proposed study propose a symmetrical mechanism as the most conversant technique which can be employed by the experts and researchers for preparing security guidelines and strategies.

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A Deeper Look at Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: An Integrative Ethical Decision-Making Framework to Explain Moral Pluralism

Frontiers in Robotics and AI ◽

10.3389/frobt.2021.632394 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jimin Rhim ◽

Ji-Hyun Lee ◽

Mo Chen ◽

Angelica Lim

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Moral Reasoning ◽

Moral Philosophy ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Moral Dilemma ◽

Individual Factors ◽

Ethical Decisions ◽

Ethical Behavioral Intentions

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the first commercialized AI-embedded robots to make autonomous decisions. Despite technological advancements, unavoidable AV accidents that result in life-and-death consequences cannot be completely eliminated. The emerging social concern of how an AV should make ethical decisions during unavoidable accidents is referred to as the moral dilemma of AV, which has promoted heated discussions among various stakeholders. However, there are research gaps in explainable AV ethical decision-making processes that predict how AVs’ moral behaviors are made that are acceptable from the AV users’ perspectives. This study addresses the key question: What factors affect ethical behavioral intentions in the AV moral dilemma? To answer this question, this study draws theories from multidisciplinary research fields to propose the “Integrative ethical decision-making framework for the AV moral dilemma.” The framework includes four interdependent ethical decision-making stages: AV moral dilemma issue framing, intuitive moral reasoning, rational moral reasoning, and ethical behavioral intention making. Further, the framework includes variables (e.g., perceived moral intensity, individual factors, and personal moral philosophies) that influence the ethical decision-making process. For instance, the framework explains that AV users from Eastern cultures will tend to endorse a situationist ethics position (high idealism and high relativism), which views that ethical decisions are relative to context, compared to AV users from Western cultures. This proposition is derived from the link between individual factors and personal moral philosophy. Moreover, the framework proposes a dual-process theory, which explains that both intuitive and rational moral reasoning are integral processes of ethical decision-making during the AV moral dilemma. Further, this framework describes that ethical behavioral intentions that lead to decisions in the AV moral dilemma are not fixed, but are based on how an individual perceives the seriousness of the situation, which is shaped by their personal moral philosophy. This framework provides a step-by-step explanation of how pluralistic ethical decision-making occurs, reducing the abstractness of AV moral reasoning processes.

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Is It Ethical? A Multidimensional Approach to Facilitating Ethical Decision Making in Students

Handbook of Research on Teaching Ethics in Business and Management Education ◽

10.4018/978-1-61350-510-6.ch009 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 145-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carolyn Roper ◽

Cynthia Roberts

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Ethical Analysis ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Multidimensional Approach ◽

Ethics Instruction ◽

Moral Standards ◽

Ethical Stance ◽

Contextual Difference

The need for ethical leadership continues to become increasingly important as the environment grows more interconnected and complex. Educators are being called upon to assist in the development of ethical leaders; however, ethical decision-making, because of its complex nature, is not something that can be taught in a simple, straight forward fashion. This chapter provides an overview of a variety of strategies regarding when, what, and how to teach ethics and presents an instructional module in ethical decision-making, grounded in scholarly literature. The module can be used to provide depth and richness for undergraduate and graduate university students by creating an opportunity for them to ponder ethical situations, mull over and debate alternatives based on philosophical lenses, and arrive at decisions, which are probably not identical, but personally defensible. The educational unit focuses on developing awareness of one’s own ethical stance as well as teaching the utility of a system for ethical analysis which allows for contextual difference, nuance and complexity rather than imposing one set of moral standards. In addition, several keys to effective ethics instruction are suggested.

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DILEMAS ÉTICOS EN LA TOMA DE DECISIONES EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES EDUCATIVAS: PARADIGMAS GERENCIALES

Revista Cognosis. ISSN 2588-0578 ◽

10.33936/cognosis.v4i2.1734 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

Emerson Roberto Yépez Herrera ◽

Katherine Nataly Cabascango Delgado ◽

Angie Isabel Pillajo Morillo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Ethical Dilemmas ◽

Moral Dilemma ◽

Management Decision ◽

Management Decision Making ◽

Toma De Decisiones ◽

Management Paradigms ◽

Bibliographic Search ◽

Ethical Organization

RESUMEN La ética enfocada propiamente en las organizaciones denota el punto fundamental para tomar decisiones. Se desprende un paradigma del cual nacen implicaciones directas e indirectas cuya repercusión es permanente. El objetivo del presente artículo recae en determinar la incidencia de los dilemas éticos en la toma de decisiones gerenciales. Para ello se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de acuerdo a criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos en las bases de datos de Redalyc y SciELO. Se extrajeron 816 artículos relacionados con el tema, seleccionados 18 para la revisión y aplicación. De los cuales se pudo concluir que la toma de decisiones en las organizaciones es de vital importancia y se encuentra profundamente relacionada a las características éticas con las que cuenta el Director/a organizacional. Los dilemas éticos infieren en la toma de decisiones debido al dilema moral que estos representan. Siendo así que, los dilemas mencionados forman parte de una contradicción entre la praxis y formación deontológica del representante de la organización, por lo tanto, es indispensable considerar las acciones y los efectos que implican directamente al desenvolvimiento de la empresa. Los gerentes de las organizaciones son encargados de tomar las decisiones, por ende sobre ellos recae la responsabilidad de cualquier actividad que se realice. Finalmente la toma de decisiones éticas tiene una relación intrínseca con la reputación e imagen ante el mercado. PALABRAS CLAVE: ética; organización educativa; decisiones; gerencia. ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN DECISION-MAKING IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: MANAGEMENT PARADIGMS ABSTRACT Ethics focused properly on organizations denotes the fundamental point to make decisions. A paradigm emerges from which arise direct and indirect implications whose impact is permanent. The objective of this article is to determine the incidence of ethical dilemmas in management decision making. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria in the databases of Redalyc and SciELO. We extracted 816 articles related to the topic, selected 18 for review and application. The way in which the decision of the organizations can be made is of vital importance and is found in the ethical characteristics with which the Organizational Director counts. The ethical dilemmas infer in the decision making due to the moral dilemma they represent. Thus, the dilemmas become part of a contradiction between the practice and deontological training of the representative of the organization, therefore, it is essential for the actions and the effects that directly imply in the development of the company. The managers of the organizations are responsible for making decisions, for example, on the responsibility of any activity that becomes a reality. Finally, ethical decision making has an intrinsic relationship with reputation and image before the market. KEYWORDS: ethical; organization; decision; management.

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Being torn by inevitable moral dilemma: experiences of ICU nurses

BMC Medical Ethics ◽

10.1186/s12910-021-00727-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Neda Asadi ◽

Zahra Royani ◽

Mahbubeh Maazallahi ◽

Fatemeh Salmani

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Moral Dilemma ◽

Healthcare Team ◽

Ethical Challenges ◽

Main Category ◽

Internal Conflicts ◽

Ethical Decisions ◽

Ethical Conflicts

Abstract Background Ethical decision-making of nurses could affect patients’ recovery and also decrease medical costs. To make ethical decisions, ICU nurses experience complicated ethical conflicts. Considering the multi-dimensional process of ethical decision-making, the present study was conducted to describe the experiences of ICU nurses regarding ethical decision making. Method The present research is a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach that was done in 2020. Fourteen ICU nurses were interviewed using a semi-structured in-depth interview method. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Granheim and Landman approach. Results Being torn by inevitable moral dilemma was defined as the main category which contained the categories of conflict with professional self, feeling squeezed between self-authority and demands of others, and Surrounded by organizational limitations. Conclusions Results of the present study showed that moral dilemma is a situation in which the nurses are forced to choose between two options based on their equipment and facilities. In these situations, the nurses would hesitate between their internal conflicts and confusion between choosing their own benefits and patients’ benefits. To prevent ethical challenges in decision making, it is necessary to educate healthcare team about ethical dilemmas and empower the personnel for encountering ethical challenges.

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Ethical decision-making: the doctrine of sin and grace

In die Skriflig/In Luce Verbi ◽

10.4102/ids.v43i2.227 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. P. Giles

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Free Choice ◽

Ethical Decision ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Moral Dilemma ◽

Ethical Framework ◽

Freedom Of The Will ◽

The Face ◽

Effective Choice ◽

The Will

Ethical decision-making presupposes the possession of a free will. Central to a discussion on reformed ethics is the question of the bounds of freedom of the will. The reformed tradition, along with the wider Christian tradition, affirms that the will is not free in the Pelagian sense of being absolutely free, but is constrained by the effects of humanity’s fall from original righteousness. This ariticle considers the nature and extent to which the will is considered free, or no longer free at all. The question posed here, within the reformed theoretic ethical framework, is whether the will is so vitiated that a person is in- capable of any effective choice of action or inaction in the face of any moral dilemma, or does fallen humanity still possess some ability to make a free choice, albeit under conditions of impaired freedom of the will?

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SEC announces new guidance for public company disclosures on cybersecurity risks

Journal of Investment Compliance ◽

10.1108/joic-06-2018-0041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 22-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stuart Gelfond ◽

Una Dean ◽

Dave N. Rao ◽

Justin Sedor

Keyword(s):

Insider Trading ◽

Public Information ◽

Securities And Exchange Commission ◽

Public Companies ◽

Content Type ◽

Policies And Procedures ◽

Public Company ◽

Corporate Insiders ◽

Standard Set ◽

Disclosure Obligations

Purpose To discuss the new guidance on public companies’ disclosure obligations regarding cybersecurity risks and incidents, which was recently unanimously approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Design/methodology/approach Outlines the general disclose requirements and the materiality standard set forth by the SEC, explains specific guidance on public company cybersecurity disclosure, and discusses cybersecurity risk management and insider trading policies. Findings In addition to clarifying the disclosure requirements with respect to cybersecurity issues, the article discusses two additional areas of concern identified by the New Guidance that public companies should consider in the context of cybersecurity and related disclosure. First, public companies must design and maintain policies and procedures to help manage cybersecurity risks and respond to incidents as they occur. Second, public companies should consider adopting insider trading policies that specifically prohibit management and other corporate insiders from trading on the basis of material non-public information regarding a cybersecurity risk or incident. Originality/value Practical analysis of the guidance on disclosure obligations regarding cybersecurity risks and incidents, including discussion surrounding two aspects of cybersecurity not previously addressed in prior SEC staff guidance on the topic.

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Awareness and Decision Making in Professional Ethics

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.5.1.19 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 19-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ronny Swain

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Professional Ethics ◽

Ethical Decision Making ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Professional Autonomy ◽

Ethical Awareness ◽

Ethical Decisions ◽

The Right ◽

Aid Decision

The paper describes the development of the 1998 revision of the Psychological Society of Ireland's Code of Professional Ethics. The Code incorporates the European Meta-Code of Ethics and an ethical decision-making procedure borrowed from the Canadian Psychological Association. An example using the procedure is presented. To aid decision making, a classification of different kinds of stakeholder (i.e., interested party) affected by ethical decisions is offered. The author contends (1) that psychologists should assert the right, which is an important aspect of professional autonomy, to make discretionary judgments, (2) that to be justified in doing so they need to educate themselves in sound and deliberative judgment, and (3) that the process is facilitated by a code such as the Irish one, which emphasizes ethical awareness and decision making. The need for awareness and judgment is underlined by the variability in the ethical codes of different organizations and different European states: in such a context, codes should be used as broad yardsticks, rather than precise templates.

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