Airport Passenger Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Zineb Edrissi ◽  
Zitouni Beidouri ◽  
Otmane Bouksour
Keyword(s):  
Air Traffic ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Airport Operations ◽  
Passenger Flow ◽  
Good Management ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up

Airports are essential for intercontinental trade and a key to the success of the global aviation industry. The common objective of all stakeholders in the airport chain is to satisfy the passenger while facing a significant number of challenges, including the continued growth of air traffic and its influence on airport capacity, the problem of congestion in peak hours, and all that result from queuing and boarding delays. This situation forces the managers of the airport to set up a better circuit of passengers, both at departure and on arrival. In fact, to achieve a better flow of passenger within the terminal, modeling is the first step towards developing and solving this problem. The present work aims to present the various models and approaches of simulation and optimization applied to the study of passenger flows and highlight their contributions to the good management and operation in a field as complex as that of airport operations.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic—Financial Consequences for Polish Airports—Selected Aspects

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Barczak
Keyword(s):  
Air Traffic ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
International Level ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Passenger Flows ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
Linear Trends

The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the mobility of urban residents on an international level. Tourist air traffic was suspended as one of many activities. As a result, the aviation industry has suffered losses at various levels. In addition to carriers, airports are also suffering due to the effects of the pandemic. Their income comes mainly from charges for take-offs and landings of airplanes, passenger charges, and commercial and restaurant activity. In this paper, the authors attempt to estimate the level of losses incurred by six Polish airports in relation to passenger charges. Based on the data for the years 2015–2019, the forecasts of passenger flows for the year 2020 were estimated using the seasonality indicator method, the method of one-name period trends, and models of linear trends with seasonality. Research has shown that the total losses of the examined airports for the year 2020 amounted to approximately 290 million EUR, and these are losses resulting only from the lack of fees charged for servicing passengers at the airports.

scholarly journals Air Traffic Management during Rare Events Such as a Pandemic: Paris Charles de Gaulle Case Study

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Paolo Scala ◽  
Miguel Mujica Mota ◽  
Daniel Delahaye
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Rare Events ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Charles De Gaulle ◽  
Airport Capacity ◽  
De Gaulle

Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport was the second European airport in terms of traffic in 2019, having transported 76.2 million passengers. Its large infrastructures include four runways, a large taxiway network, and 298 aircraft parking stands (131 contact) among three terminals. With the current pandemic in place, the European air traffic network has declined by −65% flights when compared with 2019 traffic (pre-COVID-19), having a severe negative impact on the aviation industry. More and more often taxiways and runways are used as parking spaces for aircraft as consequence of the drastic decrease in air traffic. Furthermore, due to safety reasons, passenger terminals at many airports have been partially closed. In this work we want to study the effect of the reduction in the physical facilities at airports on airspace and airport capacity, especially in the Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA) airspace, and in the airport ground side. We have developed a methodology that considers rare events such as the current pandemic, and evaluates reduced access to airport facilities, considers air traffic management restrictions and evaluates the capacity of airport ground side and airspace. We built scenarios based on real public information on the current use of the airport facilities of Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport and conducted different experiments based on current and hypothetical traffic recovery scenarios. An already known optimization metaheuristic was implemented for optimizing the traffic with the aim of avoiding airspace conflicts and avoiding capacity overloads on the ground side. The results show that the main bottleneck of the system is the terminal capacity, as it starts to become congested even at low traffic (35% of 2019 traffic). When the traffic starts to increase, a ground delay strategy is effective for mitigating airspace conflicts; however, it reveals the need for additional runways.

Isolation and characterization of oleochemical compounds from watermelon seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Madhubhushan M ◽  
Seshaiah S ◽  
Chandrudu J ◽  
Sagar R ◽  
Akila CR
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Fatty Esters ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Natural Gradation

The common watermelon item (Citrullus lanatus) seeds were gained from castoffs verdant nourishments for use by decorating, sun ventilation and pulverizing. Light yellow-toned oil was gotten by dissolvable withdrawal using oil atmosphere and the going with traits were gotten using oil ether: pH, refractive rundown, thickness, dissolvable miscibility, coagulating temperature, fire nature, express gravity, streak point and warmth of consuming. With a shallow level of unsaturation, stepped level of smoothness, and proximity of raised degree of the sensible proportion of free unsaturated fats. The low assessment of the solidifying temperature of the oil offered a hint that the oil can be managed in various areas paying little heed to the qualification in temperature. The following level of linoleic destructive of the oil offers a hint of natural gradation of solidarity. Fatty esters are increasing expanding significance as a biodegradable swap for mineral oils. In some request regions, for example, cutting tool oil, gearbox, pressure-driven oils, and greases for raw petroleum creation, the oleochemical items are set up. Nonetheless, certain particular wellsprings of fatty esters are hitherto to be abused for this comparative reason. This exploration subsequently tests into one of the less used wellsprings of fatty esters in watermelon. The oil from the kernels demonstrations a top-notch yield presents significant utilitarian gatherings for change and thus was utilized to set up an assortment of oleochemicals which demonstrated excellence materials in contrast with the routinely utilized oils feed frameworks for oleochemicals after portrayal. The photopolymers acquired indicated piercing vinyl protons for consistent polymerize.

scholarly journals Adverse Selection, Heterogeneous Beliefs, and Evolutionary Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Buchen ◽  
Alberto Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Nonlinear Dynamic System ◽  
Heterogeneous Beliefs ◽  
Evolutionary Learning ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Cobweb Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Learning Set ◽  
Set Up

AbstractWe relax the common assumption of homogeneous beliefs in principal-agent relationships with adverse selection. Principals are competitors in the product market and write contracts also on the base of an expected aggregate. The model is a version of a cobweb model. In an evolutionary learning set-up, which is imitative, principals can have different beliefs about the distribution of agents’ types in the population. The resulting nonlinear dynamic system is studied. Convergence to a uniform belief depends on the relative size of the bias in beliefs.

The Creation of a Multi-Link Load Balancing Mechanism for Planetary Gearing: Part 2 — Optimum Mechanism Selection and Dimension Determination

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Wei-qing Cao ◽  
Ting Li Yang ◽  
Jin Kui Chu
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Uniform Load ◽  
Topological Structures ◽  
Optimum Load ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Set Up

Abstract This paper is the second of a series of two papers which designed a new type of load balancing mechanisms for planetary gearings with arbitrary number of planets. In this paper the common expression of the non-uniform load share factor was deduced, and a function parameter:force-arm factor and their solution was given. That makes it possible that the dimensions and the ability of load equilibrium of Multi-Link Load Balancing Mechanisms can be determined. The criteria of optimum load balancing Mechanisms selection were set up with consider of the effects of turning pair clearances, and optimum mechanisms were selected among the 15 candidates obtained in Part 1. Finally, it was demonstrated that the optimum multi-link load balancing mechanisms for arbitrary number of planets had the similar topological structures and same function and performence of load equilibrium.

Neurosurgery planning based on automated image recognition and optimal path design

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 708-721
Author(s):  
Annika Hackenberg ◽  
Karl Worthmann ◽  
Torben Pätz ◽  
Dörthe Keiner ◽  
Joachim Oertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Path ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Ellipsoidal Approximations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Path Planning Problem ◽  
Automated Image Recognition ◽  
Modelling Simulation

Abstract Stereotactic neurosurgery requires a careful planning of cannulae paths to spare eloquent areas of the brain that, if damaged, will result in loss of essential neurological function such as sensory processing, linguistic ability, vision, or motor function. We present an approach based on modelling, simulation, and optimization to set up a computational assistant tool. Thereby, we focus on the modeling of the brain topology, where we construct ellipsoidal approximations of voxel clouds based on processed MRI data. The outcome is integrated in a path-planning problem either via constraints or by penalization terms in the objective function. The surgical planning problem with obstacle avoidance is solved for different types of stereotactic cannulae using numerical simulations. We illustrate our method with a case study using real MRI data.

The Common Bond

2015 ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Anne Eyre ◽  
Pam Dix
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Common Bond ◽  
Action Group ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk

This chapter discusses how those affected by a disaster often form an extraordinary common bond. Self-help support and action group members say that only with others from 'their' disaster can they open up completely, without fear of judgement, about the most difficult aspects of their experience. The examples in this chapter illustrate the kinds of support groups that grew out of those disasters of the 1980s, including the King's Cross Families Action Group, the Herald Families Association, the UK Families Flight 103, the Marchioness Action Group, the Stairway to Heaven Memorial Trust, and the MV Derbyshire Families Association. There are a number of different options for the structure of family and survivor groups in terms of membership, legal status, and management. Some groups have set up unincorporated associations, while a few have chosen to apply for charitable status. Ultimately, representatives from the groups of the 1980s, as well as individual survivors and bereaved people, went on to form, join, and develop Disaster Action.

15. Business Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 421-451
Author(s):  
Lucy Jones
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Limited Partnership ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Limited Liability Partnership ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the common types of business organizations and explains the difference between unincorporated and incorporated businesses. The three types of partnership arrangements are considered, namely a general (ordinary) partnership, a limited partnership, and a limited liability partnership. The chapter includes discussion of the rules relating to partnerships under the Partnership Act 1890 and the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2000. It explains how different types of partnerships may be set up and looks at the relationship between partners and the relationship between partnerships and outsiders. It considers the dissolution of the different types of partnerships. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the different types of companies and the separate legal personality of companies.

15. Business Organisations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Jones
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Partnership ◽  
Legal Personality ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Limited Liability Partnership ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the common types of business organisations and explains the difference between unincorporated and incorporated businesses. The three types of partnership arrangements are considered, namely a general (ordinary) partnership, a limited partnership, and a limited liability partnership. The chapter includes discussion of the rules relating to partnerships under the Partnership Act 1890 and the Limited Liability Partnership Act 2000. It explains how different types of partnerships may be set up and looks at the relationship between partners and the relationship between partnerships and outsiders. It considers the dissolution of the different types of partnerships. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the different types of companies and the separate legal personality of companies.

scholarly journals Belt and Road Initiative: Five Years on Implementation and Reflection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Biliang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
The Common ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
World Development

This article summarizes the implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which was carried out 5 years ago. To date the basic institutional framework has been set up, some key infrastructural projects launched; joint development zones established and supporting systems have been set up to ensure the smooth infrastructure development of BRI. This article also explains the important factors why China proposed and implemented the initiative: accelerating world economic growth particularly for the developing countries, promoting economic globalization, improving global governance, and supporting UN Agenda 2030 for sustainable development. Based on the 5 years’ experience of the Belt and Road implementation, the initiative reflects correctly the mega trend of world development and global cooperation, as well as the common interests of China and other relevant participating countries. A promising future for the initiative is most likely; however, careful feasibility study for investments is required to manage debt risk well for both the investors and the receivers of the investments.

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