Evolution of Online Marketing Tools, Approaches, and Strategies With Associated Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-82
Author(s):  
Shikha Gupta ◽  
Atul Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Development Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Work Supports

Marketing tools like organizing campaigns, banners, TV, and radio are traditionally designed for making the product more appealing and creating a need in the customers' minds. With the increased use of internet in our day-to-day life, these traditional tools are being replaced rapidly by online marketing media. Online marketing is a two-way communication that can reach a large number of relevant people in less time by providing more information and removing geographical constraints. The companies can respond to the customers' requirements more speedily with better quality by making direct contact with them. Most of the online development work supports itself with the revenue earned through advertisements rather than subscription. Online marketing is one of the largest, most effective, and fastest advertising media. Today, it is an essential medium of advertising for meeting the desires and needs of the customer. This paper explores the history of online marketing along with its basic tools with a special emphasis on keyword-based search, recommendation engines, and real-time bidding.

Music as Shared Space in Mennonite Development Work in Chad

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dueck
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Primary Mode ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Western Development ◽  
Musical Practices ◽  
African Churches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Agencies

This chapter highlights negotiations of meanings a Western church worker encountered in a Chadian congregation. For many mainline churches, “missions agencies,” focused on proselytization, are not the sole or even primary mode of outreach; “development agencies,” focused on local economic and social development, complement them. These two types of agencies are tied, through institutional memories in Western and African churches, to the cultural, including musical, practices of missions. The chapter retells the story of a Western development worker who frames her role as “learner” but finds she is understood as missionary “teacher” and is asked to teach and not learn music. Music is a persistent indicator of a history of missionary interactions between Chadian and Western Christians that lends meanings to and constrains present-day transnational interactions between them; it can provide a shared space of practice that is not contiguous with the “meanings” of the music under discussion.

scholarly journals Experience as cognition: musical sense-making and the ‘in-time/ outside-of-time’ dichotomy

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Reybrouck
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Levels Of Processing ◽  
Symbolic Processing ◽  
Sensory Reactivity ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Musical sense-making relies on two distinctive strategies: tracking the moment-to-moment history of the actual unfolding and recollecting actual and previous sounding events in a kind of synoptic overview. Both positions are not opposed but complement each other. The aim of this contribution, therefore, is to provide a comprehensive framework that provides both conceptual and operational tools for coping with the sounds. Five major possibilities are proposed in this regard: (i) the concepts of perspective and resolution, which refer to the distance the listener takes with respect to the sounding music and the fine-grainedness of his/her discriminative abilities; (ii) the continuous/discrete dichotomy which conceives of the music as one continuous flow as against a division in separate and distinct elements; (iii) the in time/outside-of-time distinction, with the former proceeding in real time and the latter proceeding outside of the time of unfolding; (iv) the deictic approach to musical sense-making, which conceives of an act of mental pointing to the music, and (v) the levels of processing, which span a continuum between primitive sensory reactivity to actual sounding stimuli and high-level symbolic processing.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Gamblers Who Use the French National Problem Gambling Helpline and Real-Time Chat Facility: Longitudinal Observational Study

10.2196/13388 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e13388
Author(s):  
Stéphane Darbeda ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin ◽  
Michel Lejoyeux ◽  
Amandine Luquiens
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Casino Gambling ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Web Based ◽  
History Of

Background Problem gambling is a growing public health issue that is characterized by low rates of face-to-face help seeking. Helplines and real-time chat services could reduce shortfalls in treatment. Objective This study aimed to (1) describe the characteristics of gamblers contacting a government-funded help service, (2) study the evolution of their characteristics over time, (3) evaluate the differences between subgroups (ie, gender, media used for gambling, and media used to contact the service), and (4) explore factors influencing referral to care. Methods From January 2011 to December 2015, a government-funded gambling helpline and real-time chat website in France received 9474 contacts from gamblers. Counselors filled in a form for each contact, collecting demographics, gambling characteristics, and referrals. Time-series analyses were performed. Univariate logistic models were used to assess differences across subgroups. A multivariate analysis was conducted to determine the variables related to an actual referral. Results Gamblers were predominantly men (7017/9474, 74.07%); the average age was 41 years (SD 14). Compared with the men, the women were older (mean 50.7 years, SD 14.0 vs mean 37.9 years, SD 13.0, respectively; P<.001), were more often solely offline gamblers (1922/2457, 78.23% vs 4386/7017, 62.51%, respectively; P<.001), and had different gambling patterns. Compared with helpline contacts, real-time chat contacts were more often men (124/150, 82.7% vs 3643/4881, 74.64%, respectively; P=.04), younger (mean 32.8 years, SD 12.9 vs mean 41.3 years, SD 14.3, respectively; P<.001), more often poker gamblers (41/150, 27.3% vs 592/4881, 12.13%, respectively; P<.001), and more often web-based gamblers (83/150, 55.3% vs 1462/4881, 29.95%, respectively; P<.001). Referral was positively associated with betting (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.27-1.67; P<.001), casino gambling (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21-1.57; P<.001), scratch cards (aOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.58-2.12; P<.001), poker gambling (aOR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.61; P<.001), lottery (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.56; P=.03), weekly gambling (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.40-2.15; P<.001), request for referral (aOR 17.76, 95% CI 14.92-21.13; P<.001), and a history of suicide attempts (aOR 2.13, 95% CI 1.51-3.02; P<.001), and it was negatively associated with web-based gambling (aOR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75-0.98; P=.030) and refusal to be referred (aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26-0.49; P<.001). Conclusions The governmental helpline and chat contacts included a broad range of sociodemographic profiles. Compared with the helpline, real-time chat exchanges reached a younger population of web-based gamblers, which was the target population. The development of the gambling helpline and help online website is a considerable challenge for the future.

A Brief History

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-56
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Single System ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
System Operating

In this chapter, the author presents a brief history of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing (CC). They are often interchangeable terms to many people who are not working in the technology industry. Both imply that computers are now responsible for performing job functions that a human used to perform. The two topics are closely aligned; while they are not mutually exclusive, both have distinctive purposes and applications due to their practical, industrial, and commercial appeal as well as their respective challenges amongst academia, engineering, and research communities. To summarise, AI empowers computer systems to be smart (and perhaps smarter than humans). Conversely, CC includes individual technologies that perform specific tasks that facilitate and augment human intelligence. When the benefits of both AI and CC are combined within a single system, operating from the same sets of data and the same real-time variables, they have the potential to enrich humans, society, and our world.

Translators

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Brams
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Near East ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Medieval Philosophy ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of

Translators played a crucial role in the history of medieval philosophy. Since multilingualism was generally restricted to places in which a direct contact between different languages was possible, such as Byzantium, the Near East, southern Italy or Spain, the dissemination of knowledge into foreign cultures was mainly brought about by means of translation. In this conversion process various kinds of writings were involved, including the Bible, the Qur’an and liturgical and hagiographic works as well as literary and historiographic texts.

scholarly journals The Preparation and Distribution of Machine-Readable Astrometric Data

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 739-748
Author(s):  
Wayne H. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Development Work ◽  
Data Archive ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Storage Efficiency ◽  
Astronomical Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
Astrometric Data

The acquisition, preparation and distribution of machine-readable astrometric data by the Astronomical Data Center (ADC) are described. Examples of certain general changes in data structure and format to improve compatability with other computers and software processing systems and to increase storage efficiency are discussed, as are the present data archive and request history of the ADC. Current development work in the areas of astrometric and positional catalogs is described.

scholarly journals Neutralization Assay for Zika and Dengue Viruses by Use of Real-Time-PCR-Based Endpoint Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 3104-3112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Wilson ◽  
Thomas Tran ◽  
Julian Druce ◽  
Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol ◽  
Michael Catton
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Virus Neutralization Assay ◽  
History Of ◽  
Infective Complications

ABSTRACTThe global spread and infective complications of Zika virus (ZKV) and dengue virus (DENV) have made them flaviviruses of public health concern. Serological diagnosis can be challenging due to antibody cross-reactivity, particularly in secondary flavivirus infections or when there is a history of flavivirus vaccination. The virus neutralization assay is considered to be the most specific assay for measurement of anti-flavivirus antibodies. This study describes an assay where the neutralization endpoint is measured by real-time PCR, providing results within 72 h. It demonstrated 100% sensitivity (24/24 ZKV and 15/15 DENV) and 100% specificity (11/11 specimens) when testing well-characterized sera. In addition, the assay was able to determine the correct DENV serotype in 91.7% of cases. The high sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR neutralization assay makes it suitable to use as a confirmatory test for sera that are reactive in commercial IgM/IgG enzyme immunoassays. Results are objective and the PCR-based measurement of the neutralization endpoint lends itself to automation so that throughput may be increased in times of high demand.

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