A Brief History

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-56
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Single System ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Job Functions ◽  
Technology Industry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Variables ◽  
System Operating

In this chapter, the author presents a brief history of artificial intelligence (AI) and cognitive computing (CC). They are often interchangeable terms to many people who are not working in the technology industry. Both imply that computers are now responsible for performing job functions that a human used to perform. The two topics are closely aligned; while they are not mutually exclusive, both have distinctive purposes and applications due to their practical, industrial, and commercial appeal as well as their respective challenges amongst academia, engineering, and research communities. To summarise, AI empowers computer systems to be smart (and perhaps smarter than humans). Conversely, CC includes individual technologies that perform specific tasks that facilitate and augment human intelligence. When the benefits of both AI and CC are combined within a single system, operating from the same sets of data and the same real-time variables, they have the potential to enrich humans, society, and our world.

Artificial Intelligence

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Steven Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Research

Artificial intelligence is the science of creating intelligent machines. Human intelligence is comprised of numerous pieces of knowledge as well as processes for utilizing this knowledge to solve problems. Artificial intelligence seeks to emulate and surpass human intelligence in problem solving. Current research tends to be focused within narrow, well-defined domains, but new research is looking to expand this to create global intelligence. This chapter seeks to define the various fields that comprise artificial intelligence and look at the history of AI and suggest future research directions.

The Relationship of Human Intelligence With Technique/Technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-201
Author(s):  
Ali Gurbuz ◽  
Ozge Nilay Erbalaban Gürbüz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The history of creating technical/technological tools continues, from the days when man designed the first tools to the days when artificial intelligence was designed. In this adventure, which ranges from the production of the first tools to the development of the method of burning fire, from communication tools to the idea of society as a technical abstraction, from war tools to clocks, machines, automatons, and artificial intelligence, will be analyzed the functions of intelligence philosophically and historically. Today's cybernetic societies, where artificial intelligence is developed, are a natural consequence of the technical/technological evolution of human intelligence. In this transition period, where the creation of artificial intelligence and the anthropological future of the human species are discussed together, the perspectives of philosophical culture that are stuck between artificial and natural dilemmas will be explored. Through analysis of Steven Spielberg's Artificial Intelligence film, the meaning of cyber future perception in culture will be revealed.

scholarly journals Research on How Human Intelligence, Consciousness, and Cognitive Computing Affect the Development of Artificial Intelligence

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yanyan Dong ◽  
Jie Hou ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Maocong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Value Rationality

Artificial intelligence (AI) is essentially the simulation of human intelligence. Today’s AI can only simulate, replace, extend, or expand part of human intelligence. In the future, the research and development of cutting-edge technologies such as brain-computer interface (BCI) together with the development of the human brain will eventually usher in a strong AI era, when AI can simulate and replace human’s imagination, emotion, intuition, potential, tacit knowledge, and other kinds of personalized intelligence. Breakthroughs in algorithms represented by cognitive computing promote the continuous penetration of AI into fields such as education, commerce, and medical treatment to build up AI service space. As to human concern, namely, who controls whom between humankind and intelligent machines, the answer is that AI can only become a service provider for human beings, demonstrating the value rationality of following ethics.

Simulation Analysis of Mind Sports Games Based on Artificial Intelligence

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2065-2069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Wen Cui ◽  
Xin Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Reduction Mechanism ◽  
Development Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Development Mechanism

Mind sports games is rose in recent years, which is the comprehensive sports event taking the chess sports as the main part, and it is a perfect combination of human intelligence and sports art. Due to a simple history of mind sports games, there exists some problems that are the imbalance of development, lack of funds, and event organization difficulty, which has restricted the rapid development of mind sports games. Aiming at the problems of mind sports games encountering in the development, the paper first proposes the coupling development mechanism for the organization of mind sports games and its development mechanism, and then establishes the model of development mechanism based on the coupling reduction mechanism, and the model has been made simulation analysis. At last, the results show that the application of this coupling model can find the bottleneck of the development of mind sports games, so as to open the breakthrough point for its development, and to improve its development level.

Artificial Intelligence

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Steven Walczak
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
New Research

Artificial intelligence is the science of creating intelligent machines. Human intelligence is comprised of numerous pieces of knowledge as well as processes for utilizing this knowledge to solve problems. Artificial intelligence seeks to emulate and surpass human intelligence in problem solving. Current research tends to be focused within narrow well-defined domains, but new research is looking to expand this to create global intelligence. This chapter seeks to define the various fields that comprise artificial intelligence and look at the history of AI and suggest future research directions.

Emotional thinking as the foundation of consciousness in artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 209660832110526
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Human Thinking ◽  
The Right

Current theories of artificial intelligence (AI) generally exclude human emotions. The idea at the core of such theories could be described as ‘cognition is computing’; that is, that human psychological and symbolic representations and the operations involved in structuring such representations in human thinking and intelligence can be converted by AI into a series of cognitive symbolic representations and calculations in a manner that simulates human intelligence. However, after decades of development, the cognitive computing doctrine has encountered many difficulties, both in theory and in practice; in particular, it is far from approaching real human intelligence. Real human intelligence runs through the whole process of the emotions. The core and motivation of rational thinking are derived from the emotions. Intelligence without emotion neither exists nor is meaningful. For example, the idea of ‘hot thinking’ proposed by Paul Thagard, a philosopher of cognitive science, discusses the mechanism of the emotions in human cognition and the thinking process. Through an analysis from the perspectives of cognitive neurology, cognitive psychology and social anthropology, this article notes that there may be a type of thinking that could be called ‘emotional thinking’. This type of thinking includes complex emotional factors during the cognitive processes. The term is used to refer to the capacity to process information and use emotions to integrate information in order to arrive at the right decisions and reactions. This type of thinking can be divided into two types according to the role of cognition: positive and negative emotional thinking. That division reflects opposite forces in the cognitive process. In the future, ‘emotional computing’ will cause an important acceleration in the development of AI consciousness. The foundation of AI consciousness is emotional computing based on the simulation of emotional thinking.

scholarly journals The Revolutionary Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Future of the Legal Profession

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
J. A. Burt
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
History Of

Two decades into the 21st Century, it is abundantly clear that Artificial Intelligence technology will fundamentally change the legal system as well as the economics of our daily lives. During the early years of AI development, computers successfully surpassed humans only in complex games requiring exceptional intelligence (e.g., chess, Go, Shogi). The legal profession assumed that AI would be unable to master the nuances and ambiguities of language and the skills required of first class lawyers. The recent history of AI advancement proved that assumption wrong. When combined with the new focus of neuroscientists and related disciplines on the study of the human brain, AI stands on the threshold of exceeding human intelligence in the areas which have historically been the exclusive domain of the legal profession. There is currently a broad array of important tools in the AI field which lawyers may use to improve efficiency and profitability, These AI tools are just the beginning. We can also anticipate that AI will necessarily and substantially affect decisions traditionally relegated to the autonomy of individual citizenry as well, with dramatic consequences. This paper attempts to identify the implications of AI technology on the legal profession, the broader society in which it operates, and the challenges confronted by the next generation of lawyers and law students.

Intelligence, Artificial and Otherwise

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-258
Author(s):  
Paul Dumouchel
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Intelligence

The idea of artificial intelligence implies the existence of a form of intelligence that is “natural,” or at least not artificial. The problem is that intelligence, whether “natural” or “artificial,” is not well defined: it is hard to say what, exactly, is or constitutes intelligence. This difficulty makes it impossible to measure human intelligence against artificial intelligence on a unique scale. It does not, however, prevent us from comparing them; rather, it changes the sense and meaning of such comparisons. Comparing artificial intelligence with human intelligence could allow us to understand both forms better. This paper thus aims to compare and distinguish these two forms of intelligence, focusing on three issues: forms of embodiment, autonomy and judgment. Doing so, I argue, should enable us to have a better view of the promises and limitations of present-day artificial intelligence, along with its benefits and dangers and the place we should make for it in our culture and society.

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