scholarly journals Sustainable Green Growth in Developing Economies

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ruoyu He ◽  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Dalia Štreimikienė ◽  
Zhiyang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Green Growth ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) initiated by Chinese government could be regarded as a systematic framework for promoting economic cooperation and development among the countries along the Belt and Road and China. This paper attempts to analyze economic and environmental performance in 61 developing countries along Belt and Road. An additive total factor productivity growth measure allows aggregating contributions of individual countries along the BRI to construct a reasonable measure. Both desirable and undesirable outputs are considered. The growth in the total factor productivity is decomposed with respect to the economic and environmental contributions. The annual average growth rate of green productivity is 3.1% and the disparity of economic and environmental performance could be observed among countries. Some countries show robust economic growths while environmental performance slows down green growth. This indicates that developing economies should pay attention to environmental impacts and promote sustainable development by sharing emission reduction technologies.

Examining the Impact and Influencing Channels of Emission Trading Pilot Markets in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Qiong Wu ◽  
Kanittha Tambunlertchai ◽  
Pongsa Pornchaiwiseskul
Keyword(s):  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Synergy Effect ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Plan Period ◽  
Carbon Emission Trading ◽  
The Impact

The global warming has become a serious issue in the world since the 1980s. The targets for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol cover emissions of the six main greenhouse gasses (GHGs). China is the world's largest CO2 emitter and coal consumer and was responsible for 27.3 percent of the global total CO2 emission and 50.6 percent of the global total coal consumption in 2016 (BP, 2017). As China plays an important role in the global climate change, China has set goals to improve its environmental efficiency and performance. In 2011, the Chinese government for the first time announced an intent to establish carbon emission trading market in China. Eight regional emission trading schemes have been operating since 2013 (seven pilot markets during the 12th Five Year Plan period and one pilot market during the 13th Five Year Plan period) including provinces of Guangdong, Hubei, and Fujian, and cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Chongqing. The goal of these regional emission trading pilot markets is to help the government establish an efficient carbon emission trading scheme at national level. Some researchers have been focused on examining the impact of emission trading schemes in China using CGE model by constructing different scenarios and ex-ante analysis using data prior to emission trading pilot markets implementation. While this paper tries to conduct an ex-post analysis with data of 2005-2017 to evaluate the impact of emission trading pilot markets in China at provincial level using difference-in-difference (DID) model. By including both CO2 and SO2 as undesirable outputs to calculate Malmquist-Luenberger (ML) Index to measure green total factor productivity, this paper plans to evaluate the impact of carbon emission trading pilot markets in China via emission reduction, regional green development, synergy effect and influencing channels. This paper tries to answer the following research questions: (1) Do emission trading pilot markets reduce CO2 emission and increase regional green total factor productivity? (2) Is there any synergy effect from emission trading pilot markets? (3) What are the influencing channels of emission trading pilot markets? Keywords: Emission trading, CO2 emissions, Different-in-difference

Demystifying the Belt and Road Initiative: China’s domestic and non-strategic policy?

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112110388
Author(s):  
Yuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Global Strategy ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a central policy of the Chinese government. The initiative is directly associated with President Xi Jinping, who first put forward the BRI in Kazakhstan and Indonesia in 2013, initially as One Belt One Road. Different from repetitive literature that concludes the BRI as China's global strategy, this article makes a contribution to argue that the BRI is China's domestic and non-strategic policy. To justify this argument, this article analyses how the BRI has been embedded into aspects of Chinese domestic policy by revealing its nexuses with Chinese domestic economy, politics and ideology. To deepen the understanding of the BRI's connection with the Chinese economy, this article explores the link between the BRI and China's supply-side structural reform. Meanwhile, this research demystifies the BRI as a global strategy and the difference between joining and rejecting the BRI to prove the BRI's non-strategic essence. In the end, this article discusses the BRI's far-reaching geopolitical influence.

We Should Push Countries along “Belt and Road Initiative” to Build Green Supply Chain

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850006
Author(s):  
Jingyan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Ecological Benefits ◽  
The People ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Building a green supply chain in the countries along the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) route will not only generate huge economic and ecological benefits, it will also profit people in these countries and encourage the people in these countries to identify with the BRI as well as advance the development of this Initiative. Therefore, this research suggests the Chinese government taking the lead in jointly building a green supply chain with countries along BRI after the “Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation” in July 2017.

scholarly journals The Effects of China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” and “31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan” on the Development of Taiwanese Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Hsiung-Shen Jung ◽  
Jui-Lung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
The People ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
Opening Up

China has achieved rapid economic growth and become involved in the economic globalization through its policy of reform and opening-up and modernization. It has attracted much investment from lots of Taiwanese enterprises, including some small and medium-sized enterprises featuring a high labor cost and facing difficult operation in the traditional industries. Thanks to the policy, many Taiwanese enterprises have got a chance to rebirth by transforming their crises into opportunities. With the implementation of the policy of urbanization, the people from rural areas in China have been moving to urban areas, and the enterprises of the second and third industries have been concentrating in cities. This has not only fueled the livelihood-oriented consumption in China but also expanded the domestic demand market of the Taiwanese medium and large-sized livelihood enterprises in China. The Belt and Road trade foundation construction program, which aims to link Europe, Asia and Africa and was proposed in 2013, is an extension of the Great Development of Western Part of China and offers Taiwanese enterprises a chance to get fully involved in the development of the international market. The 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan announced by the Chinese government in February 2018 has significant influence on the future development of the Taiwanese enterprises in China. Therefore, this paper will elaborate on the effects of the Belt and Road and the 31 Measures to Benefit Taiwan on the Taiwanese enterprises.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Public Expenditures, Total Factor Productivity and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remzi Can Yılmaz ◽  
Ahmet Rutkay Ardoğan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

According to the economics literature, there are two main sources of economic growth. While the first of the resources is the accumulation of production factors, the other is the part of the output that cannot be explained by the amount of input used in production, in other words, the total factor productivity. The level of total factor productivity is measured according to how efficiently the inputs are used in the production process. In this study, the hypothesis that public spending affects real economic growth through total productivity is investigated. In the first stage, whether the changes in public expenditures affect the total factor productivity or not; if it does, to what extent and in what direction it has been tried to be revealed. In the second stage, the effect of total factor productivity on economic growth was examined and the statistical significance, direction and extent of the relationship between variables were investigated. Annual data were used in the study and the year range is 2000-2017. The sampling economies were selected according to data availability, and there are a total of 20 developed and developing economies. Research was conducted using multiple panel regression analysis. According to the findings, the relationship between public expenditures and total factor productivity is statistically significant. An increase in public expenditures reduces the total factor productivity. The relationship between total factor productivity and economic growth is statistically significant, and an increase in total factor productivity also increases economic growth. An increase in public expenditures affects economic growth negatively by reducing the total factor productivity.

Sustainable Green Finance towards a Green Belt and Road

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Allison GOH
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
Green Finance ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Avoidance Measures ◽  
Sustainability Standards ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract At the second Belt and Road forum in 2019, the Chinese government set out its intentions to develop a “Green Belt and Road”. This paper will examine critical issues arising from green-financed projects under the Belt and Road. In particular, the root issue of the lack of harmonized sustainability standards for green bonds globally. While there are positive regulatory developments, there is still a big gap between companies’ reporting metrics and investors’ growing expectations of what constitutes “green”—constituting “green washing”. This issue compounds as green projects under the Belt and Road are often complex infrastructure projects, where unexpected (and negative) externalities may sometimes occur on the ground. In this regard, this paper advocates for robust risk management, where accurate forecasting of environmental harm and stakeholder engagement are implemented actively throughout the project's life cycle. Finally, adequate dispute resolution and avoidance measures should be adopted to protect stakeholders.

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