scholarly journals Trophic ecology of Loricariichthys melanocheilus Reis & Pereira, 2000 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in Ibicuí river, southern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éverton Luís Zardo ◽  
Everton Rodolfo Behr
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Content Analysis ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Environmental Variations

 Aiming to characterize aspects of the trophic ecology of Loricariichthys melanocheilus in the Ibicuí river, bimonthly samples were taken in lotic and lentic ecosystems. Fish were caught and fixed in 10% formalin and dissected for stomach content analysis. Items were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible. Stomach fullness (SF), repletion index (RI) and intestinal quotient (IQ) were estimated. Diet was assessed by the frequency of occurrence and the volumetric method, combined to obtain a Alimentary index. Feeding activity was analyzed with mean values of SF, RI and vacuity index (VI), which represents the percentage of empty stomachs. These parameters were compared seasonally, spatially, and according to the circadian rhythm. The main items in the trophic spectrum of L. melanocheilus were detritus, sediment, plant organic matter, nematodes, micro crustaceans (Copepoda, Cladocera) and insects (Diptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera and Odonata). No environmental or seasonal variations were found for the consumed items. Feeding activity showed seasonal and environmental variations according to RI but did not significantly change according to SF. The IQ was 1.51, and showed seasonal variations, indicating changes in the diet. 

scholarly journals Prey consumed by Guiana dolphin Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea, Delphinidae) and franciscana dolphin Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) in an estuarine environment in southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta J. Cremer ◽  
Pedro C. Pinheiro ◽  
Paulo C. Simões-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
Lolliguncula Brevis

The present study provides information about the diet of sympatric populations of small cetaceans in the Babitonga Bay estuary. This is the first study on the diet of these species in direct sympatry. The stomach contents of seven Guiana dolphins Sotalia guianensis and eight franciscanas Pontoporia blainvillei were analyzed. The prey of both cetaceans was mostly teleost fishes, followed by cephalopods. We identified 13 teleost fishes as part of the diet of the franciscanas, and 20 as part of the diet of Guiana dolphins. Lolliguncula brevis was the only cephalopod recorded, and was the most important prey for both cetaceans. Stellifer rastrifer and Gobionellus oceanicus were also important for franciscana, so as Mugil curema and Micropogonias furnieri were important for Guiana dolphins. Stellifer rastrifer and Cetengraulis edentulus were the fishes with the highest frequency of occurrence for franciscana (50%), while Achirus lineatus, C. edentulus, S. brasiliensis, Cynoscion leiarchus, M. furnieri, M. curema, Diapterus rhombeus, Eugerres brasilianus and G. oceanicus showed 28.6% of frequency of occurrence for Guiana dolphins. Franciscanas captured greater cephalopods than the Guiana dolphins in both total length (z= -3.38; n= 40; p< 0.05) and biomass (z = -2.46; n = 40; p<0.05). All of the prey species identified occur inside the estuary, which represents a safe habitat against predators and food availability, reinforcing the importance of the Babitonga Bay for these cetacean populations.

scholarly journals High occurrence of felid alphaherpesvirus 1 and feline calicivirus in domestic cats from southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 685-689
Author(s):  
Alice S. Becker ◽  
Francielle Liz Monteiro ◽  
Ana Carolina A. Scariot ◽  
Domitila B. Chagas ◽  
Geferson Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Oral Swab ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
High Occurrence

ABSTRACT: Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and feline calicivirus (FCV) affect cats worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of FeHV-1 and FCV in cats with clinical signs of respiratory, oral and/or ocular disease. Samples were collected from cats cared for in veterinary ambulatory and clinics and submitted to molecular detection and viral isolation. Of the 49 cats evaluated, 45 (92%) were positive for at least one of the viruses; 82% (40/49) were positive for FeHV-1 and 41% (20/49) for FCV. Of these, 31% (15/49) were coinfection cases. For FeHV-1, 45% (18/40) of the cats tested were positive from the collection of eye swab, and the same percentage (9/20) was obtained for the FCV by the oral swab. FeHV-1 and/or FCV were isolated in 35% (17/49) of the samples. The main clinical sign observed was ocular secretion in 71% (35/49) of cats, characterized as mild serous, purulent or serosanguineous, and in some cases associated with ocular injury and marked chemosis. Our findings demonstrate the high occurrence of FeHV-1 and FCV in domestic cats in southern Brazil and indicate that measures should be implemented to improve the diagnostic, prevention and management against of these important diseases.

The Contribution of Aquatic Plants to the Trophic Ecology of a Sand Dune Lizard in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís S. Martins ◽  
Luiz E. Costa-Schmidt ◽  
Alexandre M. Garcia ◽  
Rodrigo F. Bastos ◽  
Marluci M. Rebelato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Southern Brazil

Sediment size and shape observation in a mountain river, southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danrlei Menezes ◽  
Masato Kobiyama
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mountain River ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Bed Sediments ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Mean

&lt;p&gt;The aim of the present study was to characterize the size and shape of sediments along a reach of a mountain river in Maquin&amp;#233; municipality, southern Brazil, to establish an efficient methodology in river sediments analysis. In Brazil, this might be a pioneering study of mountain rivers characterized by the presence of gravel, cobble, and boulders sediments. The study catchment, covered by Dense and Mixed Rain Forest and high-altitude grasslands (Campos de Cima da Serra), has an altitude difference of 900 m. Its geology is characterized by the Serra Geral Formation (basaltic rocks) and pedology by Cambisols and Neossols. The mean annual rainfall is 1200 mm. According to the K&amp;#246;ppen classification, the regional climate is humid subtropical with hot summers (Cfa) in lower areas and humid subtropical with mild summers and cold winters (Cfb) in higher areas. The catchment outlet has a fluviometric station, and at its headwater, there is a rainfall gauge, both of which perform automatic measurements every 10 min. For the bed sediments diameter analysis, 500 grains were sampled, following the Wolman Pebble Count methodology. The measurements were carried out along the same reach (100 m) in five stages (December 2019; February, May, August, and November 2020) to observe sediment dynamics over time. During these measurements, the mean values of water depth and discharge were 0.4 m and 0.8 m&amp;#179;/s, respectively. To determine the size and shape, the three axes A (longest), B (intermediate), and C (shortest) were measured by using the tree caliper. With the axes&amp;#8217; values, the sediment shape was classified into four types: sphere, rod, disc, and blade. Linear correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of each sediment axis on determining the nominal diameter (D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;). The mean values of D&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;90&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;84&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;16,&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; of all the sampled sediments were 290.61, 114.40, 103.52, 56.27, 35.89, 28.0, and 18.40, respectively. Preliminary results indicate that 38% of the sampled sediments corresponded to the disc format and did not vary over the year. The characteristic diameters remained constant throughout the monitoring period, even though strong rainfall-runoff events sometimes occurred (~ maximum runoff was 33 m&amp;#178;/s in July 2020). The D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; values calculated with the multiple regression model based on the analysis of the axes (D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; = f (A, B, f (A, B))) were very close (R&amp;#178; = 0.95) to those calculated through an original definition of D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, i.e., D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; = (A&amp;#183;B&amp;#183;C)&lt;sup&gt;1/3&lt;/sup&gt;. During the monitoring period, notable changes in the size and shape of the sediments were not observed. The axes analysis confirms that the D&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; value can be estimated only with the measurement of axes A and B, without axis C. Therefore, this methodology (without the axis C) may be recommended to characterize the size and shape of bed sediments in mountain rivers. Finally, the present study highlights the importance of fieldwork to advance basic river sciences in Brazil.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Diel feeding pattern and diet of rough scad Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920 (Carangidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Raquel de Carvalho ◽  
Lucy Satiko Hashimoto Soares
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Teleostean Fish ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Percent Number ◽  
Decapod Larvae

Diel changes in feeding activity and dietary composition of the rough scad Trachurus lathami were investigated through the analysis of stomach contents of 307 fish sampled over a 24-h period on the continental shelf off Ubatuba (23º 35'S 45ºW). Stomach contents were analyzed by frequency of occurrence (O%), percent number (N%), percent mass (M%), and feeding index (FI% = O% * M%). Rough scad fed on mollusks (Gastropoda, Crepidula sp.), crustacean (Ostracoda, Copepoda, decapod larvae), chaetognat and teleostean fish. The main items were calanoid copepods (Eucalanus sp. and Centropages sp.). According to the analysis of the stomach fullness and prey digestion, T. lathami is both a diurnal and nocturnal feeder, showing some seasonal variation in feeding time. According to the Chronobiology concept, it was raised the hypothesis of circadian rhythm in feeding of this fish, probably synchronized by light/dark cycle.

scholarly journals Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (sagittae) of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part IV: Perciformes (Centropomidae, Acropomatidae, Serranidae, Priacanthidae, Malacanthidae, Pomatomidae, Carangidae, Lutjanidae, Gerreidae and Haemulidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 23-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rito Brenha-Nunes ◽  
César Santificetur ◽  
Valéria Regina Martins Conversani ◽  
Marcella Bockis Giaretta ◽  
Carmen Lucia Del Bianco Rossi-Wongtschowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bony Fish ◽  
Length Class ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Fish Otoliths

ABSTRACT This publication is part of a series that will constitute an Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths for the Southeastern-Southern Brazilian area. It presents the results of the morphological and morphometric analyses of 31 Perciformes (two species of Centropomidae; two of Acropomatidae; two of Serranidae; two of Priacanthidae; two of Malacanthidae; one of Pomatomidae; six of Carangidae; three of Lutjanidae; five of Gerreidae and six of Haemulidae). Whenever available in the collection, otoliths from three distinct specimen sizes were illustrated and photographed in order to show their variation during development. For each characteristic the frequency of occurrence was calculated within each length class (TL) and among length classes (during development) and differences were analyzed by a multiple χ² test (significance 0.05).

The effects of organic matter concentration on sediment reworking of Perinereis aibuhitensis : a mesocosm study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehwan Seo ◽  
Bon Joo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Benthic Organism ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sediment Reworking ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Perinereis Aibuhitensis ◽  
The Mean

&lt;p&gt;The organic matter (OM) concentration is one of the most important factors influencing benthic organism sediment reworking during bioturbation. This study was designed to evaluate differences in sediment reworking rate of Perinereis aibuhitensis based on quantification of its pellet production (PP) and OM transport rate from ambient sediment to the surface due to its feeding. The mesocosm experiment was conducted in acrylic container (15&amp;#215;1&amp;#215;20 cm) with two treatments (high OM treatment and low OM treatment) and each treatment had ten replicates. The pellets in each container were removed 2h before the beginning of the pellet collection, and then newly produced pellets were collected every 2 h during 24 h at each treatment. The mean grain size of pellets (5.1 &amp;#8709;) was smaller than that of ambient sediment particles (5.9 &amp;#8709;), and the mean OM concentration was much higher in pellet (0.69% for C and 0.06% for N) than in ambient sediment (0.46% for C and 0.05% for N). Since an organism cannot produce more organic matter than it ingests, production of organically enriched pellets by this species indicates selective ingestion. The overall OM transport rate was 0.7 g C m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in carbon and 0.06 g N m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; day&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;in nitrogen, respectively. The daily PP was much higher in high OM treatment than that of low OM treatment with mean values of 0.007 and 0.002 g ind.&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; h&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. It is expected that Perinereis feeding activity strongly depended on OM concentrations. The overall sediment reworking rate based on the pellet production was much higher in high OM concentration (0.005 mm day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) than in low OM (0.001 mm day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) concentration.&lt;/p&gt;

Energy allocation patterns in Bufo marinus from two habitats in Venezuela

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Lampo ◽  
Victoria Medialdea
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Allocation Patterns ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
And Storage

ABSTRACTPatterns of energy allocation in the cane toad, Bufo marinus, were explored by analysing the seasonal variations in fat bodies and gonads in two populations subjected to different rainfall regimes and water permanency. In both populations, fat deposition occurred shortly after the rainy season due to an increase in feeding activity. In contrast, the timing of reproduction varied between sites according to the availability of suitable water bodies. Nevertheless, females with mature oocytes were predominant during the dry season, even in populations that bred throughout the year in permanent ponds. This suggests that seasonal variations in the nutritional condition of adults may also result in a tendency towards cyclicity in the reproduction of B. marinus in tropical regions. Analyses of allometric relationships of reproductive and storage tissues with body weights indicated that the fractions of weights in reproductive tissues did not vary either with the size of females or between populations. On the contrary, not only did larger toads have proportionally larger fat bodies, but those from wet sites had greater fractions of weight allocated to fat bodies than those from dry sites. This suggests that reproductive output may be fixed in this species and, therefore, excess energy is allocated to fat bodies. Given that the initiation of ovarian cycles depends on the restoration of proper nutritional levels, energy stored in fat bodies during breeding may allow females to resume a new ovarian cycle shortly after spawning and thus maximize the number of reproductive events.

Seasonal variations in the biochemical composition and reproductive cycle of the ghost crabOcypode quadrata(Fabricius, 1787) in Southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 9999A ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziani de Freitas Antunes ◽  
Ana Paula Nunes do Amaral ◽  
Fabiana Pinto Ribarcki ◽  
Elenir de Fátima Wiilland ◽  
Denise Maria Zancan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Southern Brazil

scholarly journals Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths (sagittae) of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part VI: Albuliformes, Anguiliformes, Osmeriformes, Stomiiformes, Aulopiformes, Myctophiformes, Ophidiiformes, Polimixiiformes, Batrachoidiformes and Lophiformes

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bockis Giaretta ◽  
Carolina Correia Siliprandi ◽  
Cesar Santificetur ◽  
Marina Rito Brenha-Nunes ◽  
Valéria Regina Martins Conversani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bony Fish ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Fish Otoliths

ABSTRACT This publication is part of a series that will constitute an Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths of the Southeastern-Southern Brazilian region. In this article, we present the results of sagittae's morphologic and morphometric analyses from fishes remaining to the orders: Albuliformes (one species), Anguiliformes (four), Osmeriformes (one), Stomiiformes (one), Aulopiformes (five), Myctophiformes (nine), Ophidiiformes (three), Polimixiiformes (one), Batrachoidiformes (one) and Lophiformes (three). Features, measurements and indices were analyzed according to methodology used in anterior series. Whenever possible three otoliths of each species have been illustrated and photographed. The frequency of occurrence of each characteristic was calculated by total length classes (TL) and differences within and among them have been analyzed applying multiple χ² test (significance 0.05).

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