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Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Gavriela Feketea ◽  
Emilia Vassilopoulou ◽  
Foteini Geropanta ◽  
Elena Camelia Berghea ◽  
Ioana Corina Bocsan

In the Mediterranean region, fish is a common cause of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) in children. No laboratory tests specific to FPIES are available, and oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold standard for its diagnosis and testing for achievement of tolerance. Children with FPIES to fish are usually advised to avoid all fish, regardless of the species. Fish are typically classified into bony and cartilaginous, which are phylogenetically distant species and therefore contain less cross-reacting allergens. The protein β-parvalbumin, considered a pan-allergenic, is found in bony fish, while the non-allergenic α-parvalbumin is commonly found in cartilaginous fish. Based on this difference, as a first step in the therapeutic process of children with FPIES caused by a certain fish in the bony fish category (i.e., hake, cod, perch, sardine, gilthead sea bream, red mullet, sole, megrim, sea bass, anchovy, tuna, swordfish, trout, etc.), an OFC to an alternative from the category of cartilaginous fish is suggested (i.e., blue shark, tope shark, dogfish, monkfish, skate, and ray) and vice versa. Regarding the increased mercury content in some sharks and other large species, the maximum limit imposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for weekly mercury intake must be considered. An algorithm for the management of fish-FPIES, including alternative fish species, is proposed.


Author(s):  
N. E. Okwodu ◽  
P. U. Okorie ◽  
B. E. B. Nwoke

The research was intended to study the influence of human and industrial activities on the Orashi River and two bony fish (Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia nilotica). Three groups are observed to have impacted the environment – Oil/gas industries, tyre burning from abattoir, untreated human and animal waste from settlers and the abattoir.  The study was carried out from September 2019 to August 2020. The mean concentrations of the parameters studied in some samples were close to or exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) recommended limits for drinking water and seafood. The results from this study have provided information on the heavy metals profile on the fish of the river.  The level of heavy metals in the muscle of Catfish and Tilapia showed a range of Cadmium in Catfish (1-3.9mg/kg and Tilapia (0.1-4.2mg/kg) with the highest level occurring in station 2 (3.47mg/kg for Catfish and 3.39mg/kg for Tilapia) which is high with regard to FAO 19835, FAO/WHO 10896, EEC 20054 permissible limit of 0.01mg/l and USEPA SQG (1mg/kg) level in seafood. The levels of essential heavy metals in fish muscle were Copper (Catfish-10.9-33mg/kg, Tilapia -17.3-40.6mg/kg), Iron (Catfish-1.0-2.5mg/kg, Tilapia -0.1-5.6mg/kg) were within the FAO 1983 permissible limit while Zinc (Catfish-22-213.2mg/kg) and Tilapia (30.1-196mg/kg) exceeds the limit in some stations. Catfish muscles recorded higher mean value (127.12mg/kg) for all heavy metals than tilapia (44.03mg/kg) and the sequence is Copper > Zinc > Iron > Cadmium. The concentration of heavy metals in Orashi River is in the sequence: Sediment > Catfish > Tilapia >Water. The Total Heavy metal concentration in muscle of Catfish (0.5-1.8mg/kg) and Tilapia (0.1-3.8mg/kg) were within permissible limit.


2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Marín ◽  
Renato Gozzer Wuest ◽  
Jorge Grillo-Nuñez ◽  
Irina Alvarez-Jaque ◽  
Juan Carlos Riveros

Species-level identification of commercially landed fish provides pivotal information for stock assessment and fishery management. However, there is a common lack of species determination in landing records from small-scale fisheries (SSFs) worldwide. Using DNA barcoding analyses, we detected four overlooked bony fish (yellow snapper, union snook, blackspot wrasse, and steeplined drum) and one shark species (the sicklefin smooth-hound) in official landing records of SSFs from northern Peru. Of particular concern is the sicklefin smooth-hound shark Mustelus lunulatus that was found to be overlooked and could mistakenly be landed as the humpback smooth-hound M. whitneyi. Increased efforts should be made to improve species identification capacities in Peruvian fishing landings. There is an urgent need to quantify the catch levels of members of the genus Mustelus to species level. This would contribute to a better understanding of the levels of exploitation in each particular species and to improved management decisions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Song ◽  
Mengjun Yu ◽  
Suyu Zhang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Inge Seim ◽  
...  

Aquatic vertebrates consist of jawed fish (cartilaginous fish and bony fish), aquatic mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of 630 aquatic vertebrate genomes to generate a standardized compendium of genomic data. We demonstrate its value by assessing their genome features as well as illuminating gene families related to the transition from water to land, such as Hox genes and olfactory receptor genes. We found that LINEs are the major transposable element (TE) type in cartilaginous fish and aquatic mammals, while DNA transposons are the dominate type in bony fish. To our surprise, TE types are not fixed in amphibians, the first group that transitioned to living on land. These results illustrate the value of a unified resource for comparative genomic analyses of aquatic vertebrates. Our data and strategy are likely to support all evolutionary and ecological research on vertebrates.


Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Edward O. Amon ◽  
Valentina S. Vishnevskaya ◽  
Yury A. Gatovsky ◽  
Elena A. Zhegallo

Paleontological remains from the Bazhenovo Horizon of Western Siberia (Tithonian–Berriasian) are represented by macro- and microfossils. The Horizon had a marine genesis and the basis of ecosystem of this paleobasin composed of pelagic organisms-producers (phytoplankton: prasinophytes, coccolithophorids, dinoflagellates, as well as brown algae) and consumers (zooplankton: radiolarians, invertebrate larvae, crustaceans; and nekton: pelagic bony fish, ammonites, belemnites, paleosquids-teutids and marine dinosaurs; and, in addition, benthic bivalves, foraminifera, and ostracods). Among microfossils, radiolarians are the leading importance, phytoplankton (dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids) and microbenthos (foraminifera, sponge spicules) are less common. Radiolarians, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, and foraminifera are used for biostratigraphic subdividing of sections and their correlation, and, in addition, together with sponge spicules, for reconstruction the paleoenvironments. In literature, a several paper indicated the presence of other siliceous microfossils in paleobiota of the Bazhenovo paleosea – diatoms, silicoflagellates, and acantharians. The article summarized data on radiolaria, coccolithophorids, dinophyta and critically reviewed reports of other microobjects. It is shown that the information about diatoms, silicoflagellates and acantharians from Bazhenovo Horizon and Bazhenovo Formation is probably unreliable.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Morovvati ◽  
Mina Amiri Farahani ◽  
Ali Kalantari Hesari ◽  
Kaveh Esfandiyari ◽  
Mohammad Babaei

Abstract Background: The NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter are two types of ions transporting proteins that are active in the secretion of chloride in bony fish. So, the level and activity of these transporting proteins are expected to increase in saline water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different salinity levels on chloride cells of Periophthalmus waltoni’s epidermis in connection with NA+ / K+ / ATPase ion transporter and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter using immunohistochemistry technique.Results: Simultaneous localization of NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter showed that both were simultaneously present in epidermal ion cells and were able to react to different salinity levels. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the model that states, NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporters are responsible for the secretion of chloride from the chloride cells of bony fish.


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