Reaction Rate as an Effective Tool for Analysis of Chemical Diffusion in Solids

Author(s):  
Micha Sinder ◽  
Z. Burshtein ◽  
Joshua Pelleg
2008 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Sinder ◽  
Z. Burshtein ◽  
Joshua Pelleg

In their paper, R. Merkle et al [R. Merkle, J. Maier, K.D. Becker and M. Kreye, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, 3633 (2004)] conducted an experimental study on the chemical diffusion of oxygen in Fe-doped SrTiO3 single crystals driven by large changes in the oxygen ambient partial pressure. The stoichiometry dependence of the chemical diffusion coefficient was derived on the basis of the concept of conservative ensembles for two independent trapping reactions, which then served for calculating the evolution of vacancy profiles. The theoretical predictions were compared to the experimental results. In the framework of the same model, in the present communication, the chemical diffusion of oxygen was analyzed by the concept of a dynamic reaction front [M. Sinder, J. Pelleg, Phys. Rev. E 61, 4935 (2000); Z. Koza, Phys. Rev. E 66, 011103 (2002)]. We show, that by using a quasi-chemical reaction rate profile, it is possible to obtain information relating to the position and width of the zone where the reaction takes place. It is indicated, that the reaction rate distribution can be directly calculated from measured concentration profiles of the immobile reactant.


1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-363
Author(s):  
V. I. Arkharov ◽  
N. A. Balanaeva ◽  
V. N. Bogoslovskii ◽  
N. M. Stafeeva

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Arkharov ◽  
N. A. Balanaeva ◽  
V. N. Bogoslovskii ◽  
N. M. Stafeeva

2008 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Wierzba ◽  
Marek Danielewski

The model of the heterogeneous reaction between the alloy and oxidant is shown. The alloy reacts with oxidant and forms oxide scale. The reaction rate is controlled by the interdiffusion in alloy and the chemical diffusion through the compact scale. In this work we extend the Wagner model by introducing i) the variable instantaneous rate constant, ii) the composition dependent diffusivities of the alloy components and iii) the finite geometry of the oxidized alloy. The model allows us to predict the life time of the alloy and the evolution of the components concentration. The comparison of Wagner’s results and our extended analysis is shown.


Author(s):  
Kathleen B. Reuter

The reaction rate and efficiency of piperazine to 1,4-diazabicyclo-octane (DABCO) depends on the Si/Al ratio of the MFI topology catalysts. The Al was shown to be the active site, however, in the Si/Al range of 30-200 the reaction rate increases as the Si/Al ratio increases. The objective of this work was to determine the location and concentration of Al to explain this inverse relationship of Al content with reaction rate.Two silicalite catalysts in the form of 1/16 inch SiO2/Al2O3 bonded extrudates were examined: catalyst A with a Si/Al of 83; and catalyst B, the acid/phosphate Al extracted form of catalyst A, with a Si/Al of 175. Five extrudates from each catalyst were fractured in the transverse direction and particles were obtained from the fracture surfaces near the center of the extrudate diameter. Particles were also obtained from the outside surfaces of five extrudates.


Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
M. Meshii

The galvannealed steel sheets have received ever increased attention because of their excellent post-painting corrosion resistance and good weldability. However, its powdering and flaking tendency during press forming processes strongly impairs its performance. In order to optimize the properties of galvanneal coatings, it is critical to control the reaction rate between solid iron and molten zinc.In commercial galvannealing line, aluminum is added to zinc bath to retard the diffusion rate between iron and zinc by the formation of a thin layer of Al intermetallic compound on the surface of steel at initial hot-dip galvanizing. However, the form of this compound and its transformation are still speculated. In this paper, we report the direct observations of this compound and its transformation.The specimens were prepared in a hot-dip simulator in which the steel was galvanized in the zinc bath containing 0.14 wt% of Al at a temperature of 480 °C for 5 seconds and was quenched by liquid nitrogen.


2003 ◽  
Vol 91 (7-8-9) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
P. Dawah Tankeu ◽  
A. Gruzdeva ◽  
M. Zapukhlyak ◽  
L. Doerrer ◽  
K. Goemann ◽  
...  

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 601-607
Author(s):  
Alan Rudie ◽  
Peter Hart

The use of 50% concentration and 10% concentration hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for chemical and mechanical pulp bleach plants at storage and at point of use. Several dangerous occurrences have been documented when the supply of 50% peroxide going into the pulping process was not stopped during a process failure. Startup conditions and leaking block valves during maintenance outages have also contributed to explosions. Although hazardous events have occurred, 50% peroxide can be stored safely with proper precautions and engineering controls. For point of use in a chemical bleach plant, it is recommended to dilute the peroxide to 10% prior to application, because risk does not outweigh the benefit. For point of use in a mechanical bleach plant, it is recommended to use 50% peroxide going into a bleach liquor mixing system that includes the other chemicals used to maintain the brightening reaction rate. When 50% peroxide is used, it is critical that proper engineering controls are used to mitigate any risks.


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