Measurement on Reaction Time of Visual Attention in Depth during Driving

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Ru Ting Xia ◽  
Xiao Yan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Attention Shifting ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Traffic Environment ◽  
3D Attention

This research aimed to reveal characteristics of visual attention of low-vision drivers. Near and far stimuli were used by means of a three-dimensional (3D) attention measurement system that simulated traffic environment. We measured the reaction time of subjects while attention shifted in three kinds of imitational peripheral environment illuminance (daylight, twilight and dawn conditions). Subjects were required to judge whether the target presented nearer than fixation point or further than it. The results showed that the peripheral environment illuminance had evident influence on the reaction time of drivers, the reaction time was slow in dawn and twilight conditions than in daylight condition, distribution of attention had the advantage in nearer space than farther space, that is, and the shifts of attention in 3D space had an anisotropy characteristic in depth. The results suggested that (1) visual attention might be operated with both precueing paradigm and stimulus controls included the depth information, (2) an anisotropy characteristic of attention shifting depend on the attention moved distance, and it showed remarkably in dawn condition than in daylight and twilight conditions.

Development of Visual Attention Measurement System of Simulated Traffic Environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
Ru Ting Xia ◽  
Jian Fan ◽  
Bai Shao Zhan ◽  
Shun’ichi Doi
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Top Down ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Control Interface ◽  
Traffic Environment ◽  
Moving Speed

This paper introduces the designs on visual attention measurement system based on the visual attention theory. The measurement system simulated the traffic environment and driving conditions, to examine the reaction time and accuracy of judge response of drivers. It applies to research the top-down and bottom-up controls of visual attention in three-dimensional (3D) space. It included the setting of observation location, stimuli location, moving speed, environmental illuminance and the design of software control interface. The paper describe how the stimuli can be presented by the control system and introduce the design of variable periphery environmental illuminance and obversion targets for detect tasks in detail. The results are demonstrated that this measurement system can be used to examine the reaction time and accuracy of judgment response in three environmental illuminance conditions.

Measure Method on Reaction Time of Visual Attention Using a New-Style Mechatronic Measurement System

2011 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 838-842
Author(s):  
Ru Ting Xia ◽  
Jian Fan ◽  
Bai Shao Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Attention Shift ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Response Training ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Moving Speed

In this paper, a new measure method was suggested to examine the reaction time of visual attention of drivers using a new-style mechatronic visual attention measurement system. The system can control the peripheral environment illuminance and the present of stimulus at the start locations, and change the color of stimulus in terms of visual attention shift theory in three-dimensional (3D) space. The measurement system included the setting of observation location, stimuli location, moving speed, environment illuminance. The paper introduced the test method of visual function and the test procedures of the reaction time. The results demonstrated that this measurement system can be used to examine the reaction time and judgment response of drivers in three environmental illuminance conditions, and show that the response training for visual attention can improve the vision judgment ability of drivers.

Visional Attentional Allocation of Top-down and Bottom-up Cues in Three-Dimensional Space

2011 ◽  
Vol 179-180 ◽  
pp. 1322-1326
Author(s):  
Ru Ting Xia
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Attentional Allocation ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Target Locations ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

The aim of the present experiment was to investigate visual attentional allocation of top-down and bottom-up cues in three-dimensional (3D) space. Near and far stimuli were used by a 3D attention measurement apparatus. Two experiments were conducted in order to examine top-down and bottom-up controls of visual attention. In the experiment 1, the cue about the location of a target by means of location information. In the experiment 2, color cue by brief change of color at target locations was presented. Observers were required to judge whether the target presented nearer than fixation point or further than it. The results in experiment 1 and experiment 2 show that both location and color cue have the effect on reaction time, and that shift of attention were faster from far to near than the reverse. These findings suggest that (1) attention in 3D space might be operated with both location and color controls included the depth information, (2) the shift of visual attention in 3D space has an asymmetric characteristic in depth.

The Study of Characteristic of Drivers Visual Attention Based on Driving Simulation Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 326-330
Author(s):  
Ru Ting Xia ◽  
Jian Fan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Adaptive Ability

The number of traffic accidents keeps increasing with the development of traffic environments. There are a lot of accidents at twilight time. The cause of these accidents is depending upon the shift of drivers’ visual attention. The characteristic of visual attention in three-dimensional (3D) space were studied using a driving simulation device in order to test the effects of environment illuminance on the visual attention in this paper. In the experiments, two kind of illuminance conditions were used, brightness condition and twilight condition. In each experiment, there were three kinds of cue condition: valid, invalid and neutral condition. Observer moved forward at 0.44m/s speed, and illuminance were 480~680lx and 95~135lx in the experimental device inner. The subject’s task was to judge whether the target presented nearer than fixation point or further than it. Reaction times of the subjects on the cue were measured. As the results, it was claritied that (1) the visual adaptive ability of the subjects had a individual difference, (2) the shift of attention was faster from far to near than from near to far, (3) the reaction time was effected by the attention moved distance, (4) brightness has had very great influence upon the delay of reaction time of the drivers, and the delay of reaction time depended on the quantity of attention moved.

Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Auditory Directional Cues

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria L. Calhoun ◽  
William P. Janson ◽  
German Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Completion Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Auditory Cues ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Cognitive Attention

Natural aural directional cueing in the cockpit should relieve the demands placed on the visual modality, reduce display clutter and alleviate cognitive attention needed to process and extract meaning from coded formats. This experiment compared the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3-D) auditory cues to conventional visual and auditory methods of directing visual attention to peripheral targets. Five directional cues were evaluated: visual symbol, coded aural tone, speech cue, 3-D tone (white noise appearing to emanate from peripheral locations) and 3-D speech (speech cue appearing to emanate from peripheral locations). The results showed significant performance differences as a function of directional cue type in peripheral target task completion time, as well as eye and head reaction time. Results, such as these, will help improve the application of directional sound in operational cockpits.

Three-Dimensional Measurement System Based on Line Laser

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Le Wen Yu ◽  
Da Zhang ◽  
Yuan Sheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Laser Triangulation ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Dimensional Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional Measurement ◽  
On Line

This paper puts forward a three-dimensional measurement system based on line laser, describing its operating principle. Extracted the light stripes center by image processing technology, and establishing mathematical model, detecting the depth information by the method of laser triangulation, and reconstructed the three-dimensional form of object. The experimental results indicate that measurement accuracy less than ±0.03mm when the measurement range between 0mm to 10mm.

A Three-dimensional Camera: Development and Applications of a Three-dimensional Image Measurement System

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunwei Lu ◽  
Hiroya Kamitomo ◽  
Ke Sun ◽  
Kazuhiro Tsujino ◽  
Genki Cho
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Measurement ◽  
Dimensional Image

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Novel 3D 3-Fingered Electrothermal Microgripper with Multiple Degrees of Freedom

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Guoning Si ◽  
Liangying Sun ◽  
Zhuo Zhang ◽  
Xuping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polyimide Film ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Multiple Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Electrothermal Actuator ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Pick And Place

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel three-dimensional (3D) three-fingered electrothermal microgripper with multiple degrees of freedom (multi DOFs). Each finger of the microgripper is composed of a V-shaped electrothermal actuator providing one DOF, and a 3D U-shaped electrothermal actuator offering two DOFs in the plane perpendicular to the movement of the V-shaped actuator. As a result, each finger possesses 3D mobilities with three DOFs. Each beam of the actuators is heated externally with the polyimide film. The durability of the polyimide film is tested under different voltages. The static and dynamic properties of the finger are also tested. Experiments show that not only can the microgripper pick and place microobjects, such as micro balls and even highly deformable zebrafish embryos, but can also rotate them in 3D space.

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