Study of the Uncut Chip in 5 Axes Ball Nose End Milling for the Third Quadrant of the Tool Inclination

2013 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Geometrical Method ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Area Variation ◽  
Geometric Simulation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Cam Software

The cross section variation of the uncut chip produced by a ball nose cutter is very complicated. In this sense, the current paper looks into and assesses some aspects regarding the geometric simulation of the chip generating mechanism in 5 axes ball nose end milling. The influence of tool inclination, however, was not considered in the machining strategy, starting with the tool path program in CAM software which allows the management of various ways of tool path generation, but cannot decide which one is the best. The present study advances, with minimal approximation, a geometrical method to establish the volume of the uncut chip and area variation of the cross section, obtained in 3D-CAD by four surfaces intersection. Both rotations in 5 axes are considered for the tool, in negative sense (A- & B-) for 0 to 30 degree range (third geometrical quadrant).

Study of the Uncut Chip in 5 Axes Ball Nose End Milling for the Fourth Quadrant of the Tool Inclination

2015 ◽  
Vol 809-810 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Cosma
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Rotary Axis ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Area Variation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cam Software ◽  
End Milling Process

The ball nose end milling process, which use a ball nose cutter, is very complex and, generates a pronounced area variation of the cross section in the uncut chip. In this sense, the current paper looks into and assesses some aspects regarding the geometric simulation of the chip generating mechanism in 5 axes ball nose end milling. The influence of tool inclination, however, was not considered in the machining strategy, starting with the tool path program in CAM software, which allows the management of various ways of tool path generation, but cannot decide which one is the best. The present study advances, with minimal approximation, a geometrical method to establish the volume of the uncut chip and area variation of the cross section, obtained in 3D-CAD by four surfaces intersection [1]. Both rotations in 5 axes are considered for the tool and degree range is 0 to 30 for rotary axis A and 0 to-30 for rotary axis B (A+B-in fourth geometrical quadrant).

Design and Fabrication of a General Purpose 3D Digitizer Based on Grinding Technique

2008 ◽  
Vol 594 ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen Lee ◽  
Liang Wei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Grinding Technique

The objective of this research is to design and fabricate a general purpose 3D digitizer based on grinding technique to completely acquire the geometry of an object, including its inner structure, and accurately create its CAD model. How the 3D digitizer works is as follows. First a thin layer of an object that is fixed in epoxy is removed by a grinder and the image of the cross section is taken by a CCD camera. The process is repeated until the images of all the cross sections of the object are captured. Then the images are stacked up by using software 3D-DOCTOR to obtain the 3D CAD model. The accuracy of the 3D digitizer developed in the research was within 0.03 mm when measuring a length of 5.50 mm and the gauge R&R percentage was 25.99%. The performance shows that the 3D digitizer is promising for use in industry.

Automated Tool Path Generation for End-Milling Operation Using CAD Model in STL Format

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Nishida ◽  
Keiichi Shirase
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Triangular Mesh ◽  
Contour Line ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Product Model ◽  
Convex Shape ◽  
Geometrical Feature ◽  
3D Cad

Abstract A method to extract the machining region from 3D CAD model in STL (Standard Triangulated Language) format and automatically generate tool path is proposed. At first, this study proposes a method to extract the machining region and obtain the geometrical feature such as convex shape or concave shape from only the 3D CAD model in STL format. The STL format has only triangular mesh data and drops all the information which is necessary to extract the removal volume for machining and the geometrical characteristics. Furthermore, the triangular mesh size is non-uniform. Then, the contour line model, in which the product model is minutely divided on the plane along any one axial direction and represented by points at intervals below the indicated resolution obtained from the contour line of the cross section of the product, is proposed. Subsequently, this study proposes a method to determine the machining conditions for each extracted machining region and automatically generate tool path according to the obtained geometrical feature of the machining region.

scholarly journals Automated Process Planning System for End-Milling Operation by CAD Model in STL Format

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Isamu Nishida ◽  
◽  
Keiichi Shirase
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Triangular Mesh ◽  
Contour Line ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Product Model ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Geometrical Features

A method for extracting the machining region from a 3D CAD model in Standard Triangulated Language (STL) format and automatically generating a tool path is proposed. First, a method is proposed for extracting the machining region and obtaining the geometrical features such as a convex or concave shape from only the 3D CAD model in STL format. The STL format uses only triangular mesh data and drops all information, which is necessary for extracting the removal volume for the machining and geometrical characteristics. Furthermore, the triangular mesh size is non-uniform. A contour line model is proposed in which the product model is minutely divided on the plane along any one axial direction and is represented by points at intervals below the indicated resolution obtained from the contour line of the cross section of the product. Subsequently, a method is proposed to determine the machining conditions for each extracted machining region and automatically generate a tool path according to the geometrical features of the machining region obtained. A machining experiment was conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a result of the machining experiment, it was confirmed that the tool path automatically generated from the 3D CAD model in STL format can be machined without any problems and with a practical level of accuracy.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Energy Distribution in Electron Beams

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
Tamotsu Ohno
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Integral Curve ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Angular Divergence ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Integral Width ◽  
The Cross

The energy distribution in an electron; beam from an electron gun provided with a biased Wehnelt cylinder was measured by a retarding potential analyser. All the measurements were carried out with a beam of small angular divergence (<3xl0-4 rad) to eliminate the apparent increase of energy width as pointed out by Ichinokawa.The cross section of the beam from a gun with a tungsten hairpin cathode varies as shown in Fig.1a with the bias voltage Vg. The central part of the beam was analysed. An example of the integral curve as well as the energy spectrum is shown in Fig.2. The integral width of the spectrum ΔEi varies with Vg as shown in Fig.1b The width ΔEi is smaller than the Maxwellian width near the cut-off. As |Vg| is decreased, ΔEi increases beyond the Maxwellian width, reaches a maximum and then decreases. Note that the cross section of the beam enlarges with decreasing |Vg|.

Research in the cross-section of community psychology and global climate change: A call for action

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marci Culley ◽  
Holly Angelique ◽  
Courte Voorhees ◽  
Brian John Bishop ◽  
Peta Louise Dzidic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Community Psychology ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Cross

Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

Seasonality in the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

CFA Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Kathryn Dixon Jost
Keyword(s):  
Stock Returns ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
The Cross
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