Effect of Material Properties on Cross-Section Deformation during Bending an Aluminum Extruded Section

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2043-2053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidemitsu Hamano ◽  
Hisaki Watari
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Proof Stress ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
R Value ◽  
The Cross

The cross-section shape change was investigated to determine the effects of proof stress, r value, wall thickness, and cross section in push-through bending of a square extruded pipe. Extruded A6063 aluminium alloy (40×40×2.0 mm) was used in the experiment. The push-through bending machine used has a six-axis NC controller. In this study, a two-dimensional single curvature shape was adopted in order to investigate the fundamental bending properties. A high-proof-stress material with severe bending workability was examined in this experiment to clarify the effect of bending workability on the material properties. Workability was evaluated by examining wrinkles and shape change of the cross section; the change in thickness was also evaluated, as were n and r values. The results are as follows. The high-proof-stress material was bent, resulting in significant cross-section deformation. The size of wrinkles caused by bending increased due to the large bending radius, and the wrinkles produced were deep. The effect of the r value on the cross-section deformation after bending could not be determined. In the present experiment range, the bending limit was determined by the size of wrinkles in internal bending. In A6063-T1, the wall thickness had a significant effect, and the forming limit of the thin-walled material was low. The bending limit was low for A6063-T5, and the effect of the wall thickness was slight. The bending limit of a 60×60mm cross-section piece was considerably lower than that of a 40×40 mm cross-section piece, for the same wall thickness; it was particularly significant in A6063-T5.

Experimental Study on Residual Cross-Sectional Flattening of Thin-Walled Pipes Under Pure Plastic Bending

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Residual Deformation ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plastic Bending ◽  
Thin Walled Pipe ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Cross-sectional ovalization (ovalization) usually occurs when thin-walled pipe is subjected to large plastic bending. This paper is concerned with residual deformation of thin-walled pipe's cross section in a radial direction when external bending moment is removed. In order to clarify the fundamental ovalization characteristics, find out what factors influence the residual flattening (value of ovalization), the ovalization behavior is investigated experimentally. The experiments are carried out on 21 stainless steel specimens with different geometric parameters under different bending radii by means of a four-point pure bending device. The residual cross-sectional flattenings are monitored continuously by scanning the cross section periodically along the circumferential direction. From the experimental results, it is observed that the cross-sectional shape of the thin-walled pipe is not perfect standard ellipse, and the appearance of the maximum residual flattening is usually found in the direction normal to the neutral surface. It is also revealed the relationships between the residual flattening and the bending radius, the wall thickness, and the pipe outer diameter, i.e., the residual flattening increases as the bending radius and the wall thickness reduce, but it increases as the outer diameter increases. These results are expected to find their potential application in thin-walled pipe bending operation.

scholarly journals Designing for People’s Safety on Flooded Streets: Uncertainties and the Influence of the Cross-Section Shape, Roughness and Slopes on Hazard Criteria

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Luís Mesquita David ◽  
Rita Fernandes de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Safety Hazard ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Flood Flows ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flooding Risk

Designing for exceedance events consists in designing a continuous route for overland flow to deal with flows exceeding the sewer system’s capacity and to mitigate flooding risk. A review is carried out here on flood safety/hazard criteria, which generally establish thresholds for the water depth and flood velocity, or a relationship between them. The effects of the cross-section shape, roughness and slope of streets in meeting the criteria are evaluated based on equations, graphical results and one case study. An expedited method for the verification of safety criteria based solely on flow is presented, saving efforts in detailing models and increasing confidence in the results from simplified models. The method is valid for 0.1 m2/s 0.5 m2/s. The results showed that a street with a 1.8% slope, 75 m1/3s−1 and a rectangular cross-section complies with the threshold 0.3 m2/s for twice the flow of a street with the same width but with a conventional cross-section shape. The flow will be four times greater for a 15% street slope. The results also highlighted that the flood flows can vary significantly along the streets depending on the sewers’ roughness and the flow transfers between the major and minor systems, such that the effort detailing a street’s cross-section must be balanced with all of the other sources of uncertainty.

Finite-size analysis and the influence of the cross-section shape of the granular column collapses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teng Man ◽  
Herbert Huppert ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Sergio Galindo-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Finite Size ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Shape Influence ◽  
Deposition Morphology ◽  
Granular Column

<p>The collapse of granular columns, which sheds light on the kinematics, dynamics, and deposition morphology of mass-driven flows, is crucial for understanding complex flows in both natural and engineering systems, such as debris flows and landslides. However, our research shows that a strong size effect and cross-section shape influence exist in this test. Thus, it is essential to better understand these effects. In this study, we explore the influence of both relative column sizes and cross-section shapes on the run-out behavior of collapsed granular columns and analyze their influence on the deposition morphology with the discrete element method (DEM) with Voronoi-based spheropolyhedron particles. We link the size effect that occurs in granular column collapse problems to the finite-size scaling functions and investigate the characteristic correlation length associated with the granular column collapses. The collapsing behavior of granular columns with different cross-section shapes is also studied, and we find that particles tend to accumulate in the direction normal to the edge of the cross-section instead of the vertex of it. The differences in the run-out behavior in different directions when the cross-section is no longer a circle can also be explained by the finite-size analysis we have performed in this study. We believe that such a study is crucial for us to better understand how granular material flows, how it deposits, and how to consider the size effect in the rheology of granular flows.</p>

Parametric study of the cross-section shape of aluminium tubes in dynamic three-point bending

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bilston ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Artur Candido ◽  
Yvonne Durandet
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Cross

scholarly journals Influence of the cross section shape on the behaviour of SRG-confined prismatic concrete specimens

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia E. Thermou ◽  
Konstantinos Katakalos ◽  
George Manos
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Cross

A note on the elastic contact stiffness of a layered medium

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3229-3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huajian Gao ◽  
Tsai-Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Method ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Layered Medium ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Elastic Contact ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
Cylindrical Punch ◽  
The Cross

A perturbation method is used to confirm that the elastic contact stiffness associated with a flat-ended punch indenting a layered medium is insensitive to the cross-section shape of the punch as long as the shape does not differ too much from a circle. This result supports the practice of modeling nonaxisymmetric indenters such as Vickers or Berkovich indenters as an axisymmetric flat-ended cylindrical punch.

Numerical Simulation of Acoustic Resonance in Closed Side Branch With Different Cross-Section Shapes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang LiuYi ◽  
Zhang Hong ◽  
Duan QingQuan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Branch Pipe ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Detached Eddy Simulation ◽  
Cross Section Shape ◽  
Section Shape ◽  
The Cross

There are many closed side branches in the gas conveying pipeline system. When the gas passes through the closed side branch, the shear layer will arouse the acoustic resonance in the closed side branch, which is harmful to the safe operation of the pipeline. The research work is insufficient about the influence of the cross-section shape of the closed side branch on acoustic resonance. Using the Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) model, the acoustic resonance characteristics caused by the side branch pipe with different square cross-sections are simulated at the inlet boundary conditions of 25 m/s, 30 m/s and 35 m/s. The results show that in the center axis of the side branch, a 1/4 wavelength standing wave was formed, and the acoustic resonance occurs at a higher Strouhal number in circular branch. The cross-section shape of the side branch does not affect the acoustic resonance frequency, but it has a certain influence on the amplitude of pressure fluctuation and has a significant influence on the high-order frequency components.

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