Forming Load Calculation of Hot Precision Forging of Cylindrical Gears

2013 ◽  
Vol 456 ◽  
pp. 425-428
Author(s):  
Bin Zuo ◽  
Bao Yu Wang ◽  
Le Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Cylindrical Gears ◽  
Forming Load ◽  
Precision Forging ◽  
Load Calculation ◽  
Wide Size Range

The Tooth Impact Factor was defined and introduced into the formula of forming load of closed-upsetting. Thus the formula for calculating the forming load of hot precision forging of cylindrical gears was put forward. The equation for the Tooth Impact Factor was fitted using the data from FE simulation of forging process in which gears with different modules were forged. Some forging tests for gears were conducted and the forming load was measured to ensure the validity of the formula. The tests also revealed that the formula is suitable for forming load calculation of hot precision forging of both spur and helical gears in a wide size range.

Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of Deformation Behavior for Spur Gear Warm Forging Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 854-858
Author(s):  
Shu Bo Xu ◽  
Cai Nian Jing ◽  
Ke Ke Sun ◽  
Guo Cheng Ren ◽  
Gui Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Spur Gears ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Precision Forging ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
Closed Die Forging ◽  
Warm Forging

Recent years have therefore seen growing interest in gear precision forging to net-shape form of forge bevel, spur and helical gears, as an alternative to conventional manufacturing. In this paper, gear precision forging processes are simulated by using metal forming finite element code DEFORM-3D. The investigations of gear precision forging processes are conducted with perform forging and final forging processes. The processes of completely closed-die forging, moving-die forging and central divided flow forging processes are investigated for spur gears. The effect of different processes on the distribution of effective stress in the workpieces and forging loads are given. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new method, a so-called floating-relief method which applied to the forging of spur gears. It indicated that the flowing properties of the gear billet have a higher improve than that of conventional forging process. And the forging load obtained by using this new precision forging technology is decline sharply. The floating-relief method for gear precision forging is a sound process in the practical application.

FE Simulation of the Precision Forging Process of Bevel Gears

CIRP Annals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Doege ◽  
H. Nägele
Keyword(s):  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Bevel Gears ◽  
Precision Forging

Some investigations on punch force in cold forging process by FE simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveenkumar M. Petkar ◽  
V. N. Gaitonde ◽  
T. K. G. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Fe Simulation ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Punch Force ◽  
Forging Process

Modeling and Numerical Simulation Research on Hollow Steel Ingot Forging Process of Heavy Cylinder Forging

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Qing Xian Ma
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Shear Zone ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
Steel Ingot ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Meridian Plane ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Forming Load ◽  
Average Grain Size

Aiming at the disadvantages of low utilization ratio of steel ingot, uneven microstructure properties and long production period in the solid steel ingot forging process of heavy cylinder forgings such as reactor pressure vessel, a new shortened process using hollow steel ingot was proposed. By means of modeling of lead sample and DEFORM-3D numerical simulation, the deformation law and grain refinement behavior for 162 ton hollow steel ingot upsetting at different reduction ratios, pressing speeds and friction factors were investigated, and the formation rule of inner-wall defects in upsetting of hollow steel ingots with different shape factors was further analyzed. Simulation results show that the severest deformation occurs in the shear zone of meridian plane in the upsetting process of hollow steel ingot, and the average grain size in the shear zone is the smallest. As pressing speed increases, the forming load gradually increases and the deformation uniformity gets worse, while the average grain size decreases. An increase in friction factor can increase the peak value of effective strain, but it significantly reduces the deformation uniformity, increases the forming load and goes against grain refinement. Moreover, the four kinds of defects on the inner wall of steel ingot can be eliminated effectively by referring to the plotted defect control curve for hollow steel ingot during high temperature upsetting.

The Mechanism of active capture of animal food by the Sergestid Shrimp Acetes Sibogae Australis

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lachlan Mcleay ◽  
C.G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Size Range ◽  
The Third ◽  
Feeding Modes ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Combined Actions ◽  
Wide Size Range ◽  
Scanning Electron

Combining the use of scanning electron microscopy and microcinematography with functional and behavioural observations has clarified many aspects underlying the feeding processes of the small planktonic sergestid shrimp Acetes sibogae australis. In captivity Acetes sibogae australis is an opportunistic feeder that uses four principal feeding modes to capture a wide size range of prey: Artemia nauplii (<0.33 mm), copepods (<1mm) and moribund Acetes (up to 25 mm). Prey capture is effected by combined actions of the first three pairs of pereiopods and the third maxillipeds before transfer to the more dorsal second maxillipeds. The second maxillipeds are the principal appendages used in securing, manipulating, sorting and rejecting prey before insertion into the vicinity of the inner mouthparts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document