Thermoluminescence Properties of Optical Fibers Doped with RE+3 (RE=Sm, Nd) Ions Subjected to X-Ray Irradiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 606 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Azadeh Refaei ◽  
Husin Wagiran ◽  
M.A. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Glow Curve ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Rare Earth Doping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Response Versus ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Doping Type

This paper describes the thermoluminescence properties of RE+3(RE=Nd, Sm) doped optical fiber SiO2 prepared by CorActive company in Canada. The samples were exposed to 6 MV X-ray irradiation at dose ranging from 0.5 to 4 Gy at hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor Bahru, Malaysia using the LINAC accelerator. After exposure and a certain delay of 12 h to get uniform control of thermal fading, the optical fiber TL yield was readout using a TL reader. The optical fiber demonstrated a linear TL response versus of the absorbed dose. The linearity increases with the increasing dose while in the case of Sm-doped optical fiber; the response is comparatively smaller than Nd-doped optical fiber. Also, the glow curve of RE+3 ions doped optical fiber is compared with the undoped fibers. The results exhibit that the glow curve peaks are shifted to higher temperature due to rare-earth doping. As the results indicate the TL response strongly depends on the doping type of materials. All these TL characteristics are proposing this commercial optical fiber very decisive TL material.

Specialty High Performance Coatings for Optical Fiber Applications via Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) Aryl Ether Polymers

2007 ◽  
Vol 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Budy ◽  
Scott T. Iacono ◽  
Wade Hawkins ◽  
Paul Foy ◽  
John Ballato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Aryl Ether ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Optical Fiber Applications ◽  
Fiber Coatings

AbstractThere is a growing need for optical fiber coatings that can sustain higher temperatures than present materials permit. To date, polyimides are used predominantly but they generally are difficult to process and usually require multiple depositions to achieve the desired film thickness. Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) aryl ether polymers have demonstrated much success as processable and amorphous fluoropolymers,[1] with particular emphasis on high performance optical applications.[2] This work discusses recent efforts into perfluorocyclobutyl aryl ether polymer-based optical fiber coatings.[3] A series of silica-based optical fibers were drawn with differing PFCB polymer coatings compositions and molecular weights on a Heathway draw tower. Results include a more than doubled usage temperature of coating (decomposition temperatures (Td) in nitrogen and air were above 450 °C) without affecting fiber mechanical properties and comparable isothermal stability to conventional coatings, except with a >150 °C higher temperature. Preliminary results of the first successful coating of optical fibers by PFCB polymers will be presented herein, as well as future endeavors.

scholarly journals Effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological and chemical parameters of chilled turkey

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulyana Bliznyuk ◽  
Valentina Avdyukhina ◽  
Polina Borshchegovskaya ◽  
Timofey Bolotnik ◽  
Victoria Ipatova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Irradiated Meat ◽  
Specific Odor

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to compare the effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological content and volatile organic compounds in chilled turkey meat. Dose ranges which significantly suppress the pathogenic microflora while maintaining the organoleptic properties of the turkey meat are different for electron and X-ray irradiation. According to the study it is recommended to treat chilled turkey using X-ray irradiation with the dose ranging from 0.5 to 0.75 kGy, while in electron irradiation permissible doses should be within 0.25–1 kGy. Three main groups of volatile compounds: alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes—were found in irradiated and non-irradiated samples of turkey meat. It was found that the total amount of aldehydes, which are responsible for the formation of a specific odor of irradiated meat products, increases exponentially with the increase in the absorbed dose for both types of irradiation. It was established that acetone can be used as a potential marker of the fact of exposure of low-fat meat products to ionizing radiation.

scholarly journals Effect of Electron and X-ray Irradiation on Microbiological and Chemical Parameters of Chilled Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulyana Bliznyuk ◽  
Vasily Ananiev ◽  
Valentina Avdyukhina ◽  
Polina Borshegovskaya ◽  
Timofey Bolotnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Irradiated Meat ◽  
Specific Odor

Abstract The purpose of this work was to compare the effect of electron and X-ray irradiation on microbiological content and volatile organic compounds in chilled turkey meat. Dose ranges which significantly suppress the pathogenic microflora while maintaining the organoleptic properties of the turkey meat are different for electron and X-ray irradiation. According to the study it is recommended to treat chilled turkey using X-ray irradiation with the dose ranging from 0.5 kGy to 0.75 kGy, while in electron irradiation permissible doses should be within 0.25 kGy-1 kGy. Three main groups of volatile compounds: alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes were found in irradiated and non-irradiated samples of turkey meat. It was found that the total amount of aldehydes, which are responsible for the formation of a specific odor of irradiated meat products, increases exponentially with the increase in the absorbed dose for both types of irradiation. It was established that acetone can be used as a potential marker of the fact of exposure of low-fat meat products to ionizing radiation.

Heating and Burning of Optical Fibers and Cables by Light Scattered from Bubble Train Formed by Optical Fiber Fuse

2012 ◽  
Vol E95.B (8) ◽  
pp. 2638-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto YAMADA ◽  
Akisumi TOMOE ◽  
Takahiro KINOSHITA ◽  
Osanori KOYAMA ◽  
Yutaka KATUYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers

Application of In Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Study Dilute Chromium Ions in a Molten Chloride Salt

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisue Moon ◽  
Carter Abney ◽  
Dmitriy Dolzhnikov ◽  
James M. Kurley ◽  
Kevin A. Beyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molten Chloride ◽  
Stable Species ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
X Ray Absorption

The local structure of dilute CrCl<sub>3</sub> in a molten MgCl<sub>2</sub>:KCl salt was investigated by <i>in situ</i> x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at temperatures from room temperature to 800<sup>o</sup>C. This constitutes the first experiment where dilute Cr speciation is explored in a molten chloride salt, ostensibly due to the compounding challenges arising from a low Cr concentration in a matrix of heavy absorbers at extreme temperatures. CrCl<sub>3</sub> was confirmed to be the stable species between 200 and 500<sup>o</sup>C, while mobility of metal ions at higher temperature (>700<sup>o</sup>C) prevented confirmation of the local structure.

scholarly journals X-ray, DTA and Raman studies of monoclinic tridymite and its higher temperature orthorhombic modification with varying temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadayuki HIROSE ◽  
Kuniaki KIHARA ◽  
Masayuki OKUNO ◽  
Syuhei FUJINAMI ◽  
Keiji SHINODA
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Orthorhombic Modification ◽  
Higher Temperature

scholarly journals Nano- and Micropatterning on Optical Fibers by Bottom-Up Approach: The Importance of Being Ordered

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3254
Author(s):  
Marco Pisco ◽  
Francesco Galeotti
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Photonic Structures ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Optical Fiber Probes ◽  
Fiber Probes ◽  
Self Assembled

The realization of advanced optical fiber probes demands the integration of materials and structures on optical fibers with micro- and nanoscale definition. Although researchers often choose complex nanofabrication tools to implement their designs, the migration from proof-of-principle devices to mass production lab-on-fiber devices requires the development of sustainable and reliable technology for cost-effective production. To make it possible, continuous efforts are devoted to applying bottom-up nanofabrication based on self-assembly to decorate the optical fiber with highly ordered photonic structures. The main challenges still pertain to “order” attainment and the limited number of implementable geometries. In this review, we try to shed light on the importance of self-assembled ordered patterns for lab-on-fiber technology. After a brief presentation of the light manipulation possibilities concerned with ordered structures, and of the new prospects offered by aperiodically ordered structures, we briefly recall how the bottom-up approach can be applied to create ordered patterns on the optical fiber. Then, we present un-attempted methodologies, which can enlarge the set of achievable structures, and can potentially improve the yielding rate in finely ordered self-assembled optical fiber probes by eliminating undesired defects and increasing the order by post-processing treatments. Finally, we discuss the available tools to quantify the degree of order in the obtained photonic structures, by suggesting the use of key performance figures of merit in order to systematically evaluate to what extent the pattern is really “ordered”. We hope such a collection of articles and discussion herein could inspire new directions and hint at best practices to fully exploit the benefits inherent to self-organization phenomena leading to ordered systems.

scholarly journals Impact of high temperatures on aluminoceladonite studied by Mössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Kądziołka-Gaweł ◽  
Maria Czaja ◽  
Mateusz Dulski ◽  
Tomasz Krzykawski ◽  
Magdalena Szubka
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Integral Intensity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Integral Intensity Ratio ◽  
Higher Temperature

AbstractMössbauer, Raman, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to examine the effects of temperature on the structure of two aluminoceladonite samples. The process of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions started at about 350 °C for the sample richer in Al and at 300 °C for the sample somewhat lower Al-content. Mössbauer results show that this process may be associated with dehydroxylation or even initiate it. The first stage of dehydroxylation takes place at a temperature > 350 °C when the adjacent OH groups are replaced with a single residual oxygen atom. Up to ~500 °C, Fe ions do not migrate from cis-octahedra to trans-octahedra sites, but the coordination number of polyhedra changes from six to five. This temperature can be treated as the second stage of dehydroxylation. The temperature dependence on the integral intensity ratio between bands centered at ~590 and 705 cm−1 (I590/I705) clearly reflects the temperature at which six-coordinated polyhedra are transformed into five-coordinated polyhedra. X-ray photoelectron spectra obtained in the region of the Si2p, Al2p, Fe2p, K2p and O1s core levels, highlighted a route to identify the position of Si, Al, K and Fe cations in a structure of layered silicates with temperature. All the measurements show that the sample with a higher aluminum content and a lower iron content in octahedral sites starts to undergo a structural reorganization at a relatively higher temperature than the less aluminum-rich sample does. This suggests that iron may perform an important role in the initiation of the dehydroxylation of aluminoceladonites.

Study of Low-Grade Nickel Laterite Processing Using Palm Shell Charcoal as Reductant

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Bambang Suharno ◽  
Nolzha Primadha Ilman ◽  
Achmad Shofi ◽  
Deni Ferdian ◽  
Fajar Nurjaman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Selective Reduction ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Nickel Grade

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of palm shell charcoal reductant in the selective reduction of nickel ore with the addition of additive at various temperatures and times. In this present work, 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate as additive and 5, 10, 15 wt. % of palm shell charcoal as reductants were used. The reduction of nickel ore was performed at 950oC, 1050oC, and 1150oC for 60, 90, and 120 minutes. A wet magnetic separation method was then carried out to separate the concentrates and tailings. Characterization of reduced ore was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), while the composition of ferronickel in concentrate was identified by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The result showed that the higher temperature reduction, the higher of nickel grade, and its recovery at the concentrate. Nevertheless, the longer reduction time and the more reductant in nickel ore lowering the nickel grade and its recovery in the concentrate. The optimum condition in this selective reduction process was obtained with the addition of 5 wt. % of reductant and 10 wt. % of sodium sulfate in nickel ore, which was reduced at 1150oC for 60 minutes. It resulted in 4.60% and 73.23% for nickel grade and its recovery, respectively.

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