Comparative Study on Four Different Methods for Measuring the Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Acer Mono Wood

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Hua Dong Xu ◽  
Li Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Clear Wood ◽  
Vibration Method ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acer Mono

The dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) of forty one small Acer mono clear wood specimens was tested via stress wave, ultrasonic wave, edgewise vibration and flatwise vibration method respectively in laboratory. Then the static MOE of these specimens was measured with static bending test. The correlations between dynamic and static MOE were analyzed using linear regression method, and the difference of various methods was discussed using paired t test. The results show that the dynamic MOE of wood measured by four methods described above are higher than the static MOE, but their linear correlation is significantly strong. Thus, it is feasible to estimate static MOE using these four methods. Additionally, the mean of paired difference between static MOE and dynamic MOE tested by flatwise vibration method is least, and the correlation highest. Therefore, it is better to use flatwise vibration method to estimate static MOE of wood.

Vibration method for grading of large cross-section coniferous timber species

Holzforschung ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Arriaga ◽  
Guillermo Íñiguez-González ◽  
Miguel Esteban ◽  
Ferenc Divos
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Longitudinal Vibration ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Vibration Method ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity

Abstract The non-destructive testing (NDT) of timber using the longitudinal vibration method is based on the natural frequency of wood which is in relation to its quality. In the present paper, the suitability of this tool is investigated and the results of grading 395 pieces are presented. Structural timber of Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and Laricio pine [Pinus nigra ssp. salzmannii (Dunal) Franco] from Spanish sources were investigated. The specimens were tested for bending according to the European standard EN 408 (2003) and the values of strength and stiffness were compared with the results estimated by means of NDT. The vibration equipment applied permits the measurement of the longitudinal natural frequency and mass of the specimen, and then the density and the dynamic modulus of elasticity can be calculated. There is a strong relationship between the static modulus of elasticity obtained from the bending test and the dynamic modulus of elasticity obtained by the NDT technique. There is an acceptable relationship between modulus of rupture and dynamic modulus of elasticity if the visual defects (knot sizes) are taken into account. Acoustic measurements have become widely acceptable, and they have great potential for stress grading of coniferous timber.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DE TIPOS DE ONDAS GERADAS POR DOIS MODELOS DE TRANSDUTORES PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DO MÓDULO DE ELASTICIDADE DINÂMICO

FLORESTA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Martins Stangerlin ◽  
Joaquim Carlos Gonçalez ◽  
Raquel Gonçalves ◽  
Elio José Santini ◽  
Leandro Calegari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waves ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Ultrasonic Equipment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Static Modulus Of Elasticity

O objetivo deste estudo foi de avaliar os tipos de ondas gerados por dois modelos de transdutores utilizados para determinação do módulo de elasticidade dinâmico por meio de ensaios com ultrassom e correlacioná-los ao módulo de elasticidade estático obtido por compressão paralela às fibras. Para tanto, utilizou-se um aparelho de ultrassom dotado de transdutores faces planas e de pontos secos com freqüência de 50 kHz. A velocidade ultra-sônica foi determinada ao considerar a transmissão da onda ao longo do comprimento de amostras de madeira com dimensões nominais de 5 x 5 x 20 cm. Para avaliar a sensibilidade do método ultra-sonoro e os tipos de ondas gerados pelos respectivos transdutores, as amostras foram ensaiadas destrutivamente à compressão paralela, com determinação do módulo de elasticidade por ambas metodologias. Apesar da diferença de valores absolutos do módulo de elasticidade entre os ensaios de ultrassom com transdutores faces planas, que geraram ondas longitudinais, e os ensaios de compressão paralela, em função da natureza viscoelástica da madeira, verificou-se uma boa correlação entre os dados. Com relação ao uso dos transdutores pontos secos, que geraram ondas de superfície, não foi verificada boa correlação com os ensaios destrutivos.Palavras-chave:  Ondas longitudinais; ondas de superfície; transdutores de faces planas; transdutores de pontos secos; ensaios não-destrutivos. AbstractEvaluation of wavess generated for two models of transducers for determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity. This study aimed to evaluate the types of waves generated for two transducers used for determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity by tests with ultrasound and to correlate them to the static modulus of elasticity obtained by parallel compression. For this study ultrasonic equipment with planes faces and point-contact transducers of 50 kHz was used. The ultrasonic speed was determined considering the transmission of the wave along the length of the samples with nominal dimensions of 5 x 5 x 20 cm. To evaluate the sensitivity of the ultrasonic method and the types of waves generated for the transducers, samples were submitted to destructive conventional parallel compression, with determination of the elasticity modulus for both methodologies. Although the difference of absolute values between tests of ultrasound with transducers planes faces, that generated longitudinal waves, and parallel compression, due to wood viscoelastic nature, there was a good correlation between the obtained data. It was not observed good correlation between the use of point-contact transducers, which generated surface waves, and the destructive tests.Keywords:Longitudinal waves; surface waves; planes faces transducers; point-contact transducers; not-destructive methods.

Relativity Analysis between Dynamic and Static Modulus of Elasticity on Different Thickness Wood-Plastic Structural Plates

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 4254-4258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Wen Yu ◽  
Ying Cheng Hu ◽  
Ji You Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nondestructive Testing ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Static Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Different Thickness

The relativity was evaluated between dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) and static MOE, in order to assess the potential of using nondestructive testing (NDT) method as a checking tool for mechanical properties of wood-plastic structural plates. The dynamic MOE was evaluated on a FFT system, and the static MOE was determined by three point bending test. All of specimens were made of polyethylene（PE）and poplar flour. A significant correlation between the dynamic MOE and the static MOE was obtained from relativity analysis. These results suggest that the NDT method could be appropriate to estimate the dynamic MOE of specimens with different thickness.

Softness, Time of Impact, and Internal Damping of Technical Rubber Mlxtures

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
E. Schreuer
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Internal Damping ◽  
Hertz Theory ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Static Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Static Modulus Of Elasticity

Abstract It is shown that the Hertz theory of impact is applicable to the determination, from softness measurements, of the static modulus of elasticity and from impact tests, of the dynamic modulus of elasticity. A simple relation is then derived which connects the difference of these moduli and the internal damping in impact tests. This relation was checked with the rebound resilience values and proved to be valid for all measurements.

ANALYSIS OF SOUND SPEED IN LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION AT REFERENCE MOISTURE CONTENT (w = 12 %) IN SAWMILL ASSORTMENTS (FAGUS SYLVATICA, L.)

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Alena Rohanová
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Structural Timber ◽  
Sound Speeds ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Round Timber

This paper explores the analysis of sound speeds in the longitudinal direction and their reduction to the reference moisture content w = 12 %. The sound speed cw was determined with Sylvatest Duo device. Moisture content of beech sawmill assortments (round timber: N = 16, logs: N = 2 × 16, structural boards: N = 54) in the range of 12 – 72 % was measured. For the analysis purposes, the sound speed was converted to reference conditions (c12, uref = 12%). A second-degree polynomial (parabola) with a regression equation of the form: c// = 5649 - 27,371 × w + 0.0735 × w2 was used to convert cw to c12, and correction of measured and calculated values was used as well. The sound speeds c12 in sawmill assortments (c12,round, c12,log, c12,board) were evaluated by linear dependences. Dependence was not confirmed for c12,round and c12,board1 (r = 0.168), in contrast for c12,round and c12,log2 the dependence is statistically very significant (r = 0.634). The results of testing showed that the most suitable procedure for predicting quality of structural timber is the first step round timber – log2, the second step: log2 - board2. More exact results of the construction boards were obtained from log2 than from log1. The sound speed is used in the calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (Edyn). EN 408 mentions the possibility of using dynamic modulus of elasticity as an alternative method in predicting the quality of structural timber.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and Assessment of Deep Pile Cap Foundation of a Tall Building Affected by Internal Expansion Reactions

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Fernando A. N. Silva ◽  
João M. P. Q. Delgado ◽  
António C. Azevedo ◽  
Tahlaiti Mahfoud ◽  
Abdelhafid Khelidj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Ettringite Formation ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Pile Cap ◽  
Deterioration Process

Early deterioration of reinforced concrete foundations has been often reported in recent years. This process is usually characterized by an extensive mapping cracking process on concrete surfaces that results from several types of Internal Swelling Reaction (ISR). In this paper, a real case study of a tall reinforced concrete building with a severe deterioration process installed in its deep foundations is discussed. Laboratory tests were performed in concrete drilled cores extracted from a deep pile cap block 19 years after the beginning of construction. Tests to assess the compressive strength, the static and the dynamic modulus of elasticity, the gas permeability, and electron microscopy scanning to find out the primary mechanism responsible for the deterioration observed during in situ inspections. Chemical alterations of materials were observed in concrete cores, mainly due to Delayed Ettringite Formation (DEF), which significantly affected the integrity and durability of the structure. Dynamic modulus of elasticity showed to be a better indicator of damage induced by ISR in concrete than compressive strength. Procedures to strengthen the deteriorated elements using prestressing proved to be an efficient strategy to recover the structural integrity of pile caps deteriorated due to expansions due to ISR.

scholarly journals Effects of ring characteristics on the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of seven softwood species

Holzforschung ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Jung Lin ◽  
Ming-Jer Tsai ◽  
Chia-Ju Lee ◽  
Song-Yung Wang ◽  
Lang-Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Wave Technique ◽  
Wood Strength ◽  
Softwood Species

Abstract The effects of ring characteristics on the compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity of seven softwood species in Taiwan were examined. The results revealed good correlation between compressive strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity obtained using an ultrasonic wave technique (correlation coefficient r=0.77–0.86). Overall, compressive strength increased with decreasing ring width parameters and increasing ring density parameters. Ring density was related to compressive strength, but was not the sole factor affecting the wood strength. According to our statistical analysis, compressive strength was affected by various ring characteristics. Relationships between ring characteristics and compressive strength are influenced by the anatomic direction. Results revealed that earlywood density and minimum density in a ring are equally important variables for evaluating the compressive strength of wood.

Some Dynamic Properties of Rubber

1942 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. A129-A135
Author(s):  
C. O. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Internal Damping ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Of Elasticity

Abstract The purpose of the investigation described in this paper was to obtain information concerning the dynamic properties of rubber bonded to metal. Two properties of rubber were measured (a) the internal damping and (b) the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Two types of specimens were tested (a) rubber cylinders bonded to steel cylinders at the ends and stressed in compression and (b) specimens of rubber bonded to steel and stressed in shear. All specimens were of the same stock, 5140-V-4, manufactured by the U. S. Rubber Company. The hardness, as measured by the durometer, varied from 32 to 40. In the process of bonding to the steel, a 1/32-in. layer of 60-durometer stock was added adjacent to each piece of steel. This represents standard practice of the U. S. Rubber Company in bonding soft stock to metal. All specimens were cured for 30 min at 279 F.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document