All-Solid-State Reference Electrode Based on Polymer Composites for Corrosion Monitoring of Steel in Concrete

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 2945-2948
Author(s):  
Li Juan Kong ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Guang Pin Song
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
State Reference ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

Corrosion of steel structures has been found to be a problem Corrosion can be managed but not eliminated, so detecting corrosion will remain an issue no matter how effective corrosion prevention programs become. Electrochemical reaction is the basically process of steel corrosion in civil engineering, so electrochemical method is the best way to monitor corrosion grade. Liquid state reference is often used in lab to study steel corrosion by triple electrode system, but it is very difficultly used in steel bar corrosion monitoring in civil engineering. Firstly, liquid reference’s life is, generally speaking, very short. The steel corrosion is a very slow process, corrosion monitoring should be tens of years, so the liquid reference’s life is not long enough for corrosion monitoring; Secondly, the reference electrode’s strength have to be very high. Obviously, liquid electrode reference can not meet the requirement. In this paper, a novel all solid state reference electrode (ASSRE) has been developed. There are three layers in the electrode. Four kinds of components have been included in first and second layer. Additional AgCl powder has been used to inhibit AgCl decrease which is on the surface of Ag wire by complexing effect. There is only one kind of component in third layer. There are four steps to prepare the reference electrode: electrolyze, pre-mixed components, modelling and sintering. Finally, the potential of ASSR has been measured by SCE.

Development and comparison of various rod-shaped mini-RE compositions based on Ag/AgCl for potentiometric applications

The Analyst ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Nigde ◽  
İsmail Ağır ◽  
Rıdvan Yıldırım ◽  
İbrahim Işıldak
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Reference Element ◽  
State Reference

Several fundamentally similar, miniaturized solid-state reference electrode designs, their fabrication and comparison was described in this article. All electrodes were based on Ag/AgCl as their reference element. The best electrode...

Fabrication of a cerium-doped nickel ferrite solid-state reference electrode and its performance evaluation in concrete environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthick Subbiah ◽  
Lee Han-Seung ◽  
Lee Yun Su ◽  
Singh Jitendra Kumar ◽  
Kwon Seung-Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Nickel Ferrite ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
State Reference

All-Solid-State pH Sensor Based on Conducting Polymer

2010 ◽  
Vol 93-94 ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Natedungta ◽  
W. Prissanaroon-Ouajai
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ph Sensor ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Ph Measurement ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Internal Solution ◽  
State Reference ◽  
Ph Electrode

A solid-state (free of internal electrolyte solution) reference electrode based on metallic silver is simply fabricated via a simple electrodeposition from AgNO3. Potentiometry is carried out to study the performance of the solid-state reference electrode in comparison with the commercial Ag/AgCl reference electrode. In addition, the proposed solid-state reference electrode has been integrated with the PPy-modified pH electrode to form an all-solid-state pH sensor, showing the capability of pH measurement. Absence of the internal solution leads to the pH sensor that is convenient to use and maintenance. In addition, the proposed pH sensor is possibly applied to biochemical and medical processes as well as flow infection analysis.

Solid-State Reference Electrode Based on Thin-Films of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate (pTHFA) Photopolymer

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (8) ◽  
pp. B598-B603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagir Alva ◽  
Dego Ardiyansyah ◽  
Deni Shidqi Khaerudini ◽  
Robi Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
State Reference ◽  
Tetrahydrofurfuryl Acrylate

New concept of an all-solid-state reference electrode using a film of lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO)

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 418-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Lorant ◽  
Claude Bohnke ◽  
Michaël Roffat ◽  
Odile Bohnke
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
State Reference

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF SCREEN PRINTED REFERENCE ELECTRODE BASED ON CHARGE BALANCE AND POLY (BUTYL ACRYLATE) PHOTOCURABLE MEBRANE

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alva ◽  
L. Y. Heng ◽  
M. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Charge Balance ◽  
Optimum Ratio ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
State Reference ◽  
Interference Studies ◽  
Screen Printed

<p class="TRANSAffiliation"><span>This research focus on transforming the traditional design of reference electrode into all-solid-state reference electrode front-end using Ag/AgCl screen- printed electrodes. By replacing the internal reference solution of a traditional reference electrode by a solid photocurable membrane, an all-solid-state reference electrode can be achieved. The solid-state screen-printed reference electrode was designed using a photocurable acrylic film containing immobilized sodium tetrakis [3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (NaTFPB) and trimethylocthylammonium chloride (TOMA-Cl). An optimum ratio of NaTFPB:TOMA-Cl = 1:1 produced a stable reference electrode. In the anions interference studies, all anions i.e. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> does not give effect to the SPRE except perchlorate anions. The all-solid-state reference electrodes was applied to the detection of potassium ions  and ammonium ions. Validation of the all-screen-printed reference electrode was performed with reference electrode standard gel type. The validation results showed that all-solid-state screen-printed reference electrode demonstrated performance that was comparable to standard reference electrode. </span></p>

The Application of NUS Method for Concrete-Covered Steel Corrosion Monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
Michal Matysík ◽  
Kristýna Timcakova
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Ultrasonic Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thick Steel ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

The corrosion of steel elements in reinforced concrete can cause considerable damage to civil engineering structures. Early detection of corrosion is therefore very important. Steel in concrete is protected if the concrete pH is higher than 9.6. Carbonated concrete, unfortunately, has a lower pH and this causes that the unprotected steel reinforcement begins to corrode. Nonlinear ultrasonic spectroscopy (NUS) methods shows potential to be very reliable to identify the structure defects in a wide range of materials. These methods are based on the fact that crack-induced nonlinearity makes a sensitive material impairment indicator. This paper describes the ability of one of NUS methods for monitoring steel corrosion in reinforced concrete. It studies nonlinear interaction between elastic waves and structural defects caused by corrosion of steel in concrete. For research we used concrete beams with ten millimetres thick steel rods. These beams were exposed to accelerated degradation by chlorides. The paper presents the initial results of our research.

Wave amplitude of embedded ultrasonic transducer-based damage monitoring of concrete due to steel bar corrosion

2021 ◽  
pp. 147592172110417
Author(s):  
Shunquan Zhang ◽  
Zijian Jia ◽  
Yuanliang Xiong ◽  
Ruilin Cao ◽  
Yamei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Galvanic Current ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Electrochemical Testing ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel

In this research, four embedded ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers were combined to form cross pair and opposite pair monitoring schemes for continuously monitoring the damage to different strength grades of concrete caused by the corrosion of reinforcements under accelerated corrosion conditions. The damage process was analyzed by combining the electrochemical effects of steel corrosion, that is, half-cell potential and galvanic current tests. Results show that the embedded ultrasonic transducer method can detect damage of concrete during steel corrosion and that each stage of damage can be determined from the plots of ultrasonic transducer data versus corrosion rate. The results further indicate that a combination of cross pair and opposite pair testing methods can more comprehensively reflect the damage to concrete caused by the expansion of corrosion of steel bars, than a single testing method. Since electrochemical testing can only depict the corrosion state of steel rebars, it is beneficial to use embedded ultrasonic measurements to monitor the damage process of concrete. The differences in damage between different strength grades of concrete, that is, the resistance to corrosion of steel bars and brittle failure, can be obtained from the plots of ultrasonic transducer data.

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