An offline-online strategy for multiscale problems with random defects

In this paper, we propose an offline-online strategy based on the Localized Orthogonal Decomposition (LOD) method for elliptic multiscale problems with randomly perturbed diffusion coefficient. We consider a periodic deterministic coefficient with local defects that occur with probability $p$. The offline phase pre-computes entries to global LOD stiffness matrices on a single reference element (exploiting the periodicity) for a selection of defect configurations. Given a sample of the perturbed diffusion the corresponding LOD stiffness matrix is then computed by taking linear combinations of the pre-computed entries, in the online phase. Our computable error estimates show that this yields a good approximation of the solution for small $p$, which is illustrated by extensive numerical experiments. This makes the proposed technique attractive already for moderate sample sizes in a Monte Carlo simulation.

Development and comparison of various rod-shaped mini-RE compositions based on Ag/AgCl for potentiometric applications

Several fundamentally similar, miniaturized solid-state reference electrode designs, their fabrication and comparison was described in this article. All electrodes were based on Ag/AgCl as their reference element. The best electrode...

BACKGROUND OF U AND Th IN SEDIMENTS OF BEDROCK RIVERS

The Miño River is a good example of bedrock rivers, where sediment geochemistry is scarcely studied. Its urban reach when passing through the city of Ourense gathers some characteristics that provide interest to its sediments, like scarcity of fine sediments accumulation and the impact of several human activities. Sediments trapped by potholes and other rock cavities were considered. In order to evaluate society-nature interactions through sediment composition it is critical to determine the compositional background (in absence of human alterations), particularly when working with trace elements. This work presents an exploratory assay to determine background in sediments from bedrock rivers by using two uncommon elements, uranium (U) and thorium (Th). To determine their background different statistical techniques were applied in order to set the background composition value and calculate possible enrichments. Background was calculated by simple least squares lineal regression by using Al as independent variable (reference element) resulting in 8.7 mgU kg-1 and 5.6 mgTh kg-1. Enrichments were found in some particular samples and can be attributed to intrinsic microenvironment complexities inside rock cavities.

On the extremal compatible linear connection of a generalized Berwald manifold

Generalized Berwald manifolds are Finsler manifolds admitting linear connections such that the parallel transports preserve the Finslerian length of tangent vectors (compatibility condition). It is known (Vincze in J AMAPN 21:199–204, 2005) that such a linear connection must be metrical with respect to the averaged Riemannian metric given by integration of the Riemann-Finsler metric on the indicatrix hypersurfaces. Therefore the linear connection (preserving the Finslerian length of tangent vectors) is uniquely determined by its torsion. If the torsion is zero then we have a classical Berwald manifold. Otherwise, the torsion is some strange data we need to express in terms of the intrinsic quantities of the Finsler manifold. The paper presents the idea of the extremal compatible linear connection of a generalized Berwald manifold by minimizing the pointwise length of its torsion tensor. It is uniquely determined because the number of the Lagrange multipliers is equal to the number of the equations for the compatibility of the linear connection with the Finslerian metric. Using the reference element method, the extremal compatible linear connection can be expressed in terms of the canonical data as well. It is an intrinsic algorithm to check the existence of compatible linear connections on a Finsler manifold because it is equivalent to the existence of the extremal compatible linear connection.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-HÍDRICA DO SOLO APÓS CULTIVOS FERTIRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA TRATADA

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-HÍDRICA DO SOLO APÓS CULTIVOS FERTIRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA TRATADA* FERNANDO LOPES GODINHO1; EDSON FAGNE DOS SANTOS2; SILVANIO RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS1, MARCOS KOITI KONDO1; MARFFÍSIA AMARAL RODRIGUES FERREIRA1 1Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Rua Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Bico da Pedra, 39440-000, Janaúba, MG, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Avenida P.H Rolfs, S/N. CEP: 36570-900, Viçosa – MG, Brasil, email: [email protected] *Artigo proveniente da dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor. 1 RESUMO Elevadas cargas de esgoto são destinadas aos corpos d'água no Brasil, podendo essa realidade ser mudada com o emprego de tecnologias para o uso agrícola desse resíduo. Assim, objetivou-se quantificar as mudanças no movimento e retenção de água em Latossolo Vermelho Eutrófico, após cultivo sequencial com a aplicação de água residuária sanitária tratada (ART). Para isso, foram utilizados cinco tratamentos (0= água limpa e adubação mineral; 50%; 100%; 150% e 200% da dose de ART limitada pelo elemento referência K+ nos 3 primeiros cultivos e; 0= água limpa e adubação mineral; 100%; 200%; 300% e 400% da dose de ART limitada pelo elemento referência Na+ no abacaxizeiro), no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Observou-se uma diminuição linear de 0,0972 mm h-1, 0,0997 mm h-1 e 0,0073 cm h-1 na taxa de infiltração básica, no tempo de 1,5 h e na condutividade hidráulica, respectivamente, para cada mm de efluente adicionado no solo, além de aumentar a porcentagem de sódio trocável nas profundidades avaliadas. No entanto, tais alterações não ultrapassam os limites considerados seguros pela literatura. Palavras-chave: infiltração; retenção de água; fertirrigação; esgoto sanitário. GODINHO, F. L.; SANTOS, E. F.; SANTOS, S. R.; KONDO, M. K.; FERREIRA, M. A. R. PHYSICAL-HYDRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOIL AFTER FERTIRRIGATED CROPS WITH TREATED SANITARY WATER 2 ABSTRACT High sewage loads are still released into water sources in Brazil. This can be changed using technologies that contributes for the use of part of this wastewater in agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate possible changes in the movement and water retention in Eutrophic Red Latosol, after sequential cultivation with the application of treated sanitary wastewater (ART). Five treatments were used (0: clean water and mineral fertilization, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200% of the ART dose limited by the reference element K+ in the first 3 cultivation and 0: clean water and mineral fertilization, 100%, 200%, 300% and 400% of the ART dose, limited by the reference element Na+ in pineapple crops, in a randomized block design with four replications. A linear decrease of 0.0972 mm h-1, 0.0997 mm h-1 and 0.0073 cm h-1, respectively, was observed in the basic infiltration rate, in the time of 1.5 h, and hydraulic conductivity, for each mm effluent increased in the soil; in addition, in the percentage of exchangeable sodium at depths evaluated. However, such changes do not exceed the limits considered safe by the literature. Keywords: infiltration; water retention; fertigation; sanitary sewage; water reuse.

Design of a High-precision 5V/10V DC Voltage Reference Source

This paper introduces a self-developed DC voltage source, which uses the Zener reference LTZ1000 as the voltage reference element. Selecting high precise resistors and using appropriate measures to insulate and isolate, the short—time relative stability of 7V output voltage provided by LTZ1000 is 1.5×10-8. The voltage of 10V is increased up by a network, composed by high precise resistors with the same temperature coefficient, and its short—time relative stability is 2.2×10-8. The voltage of 5V is divided by a network, composed by high precise resistors with the same temperature coefficient, and its short—time relative stability is 3.6×10-7. The circuit is suitable for signal acquisition, voltage calibration and other applications.

Assessment of Laser Galvanometer Scanning System Accuracy Using Ball-Bar Standard

The laser projector based on the laser galvanometer scanning system enables the projection of CAD-based laser images onto geometrical objects. Furthermore, the system can perform a scan of components in order to control proper positioning (e.g., welded structures). We decided to conduct research aimed at determining the suitability of such systems for length measurements and assess their accuracy. These systems are commonly calibrated with the use of flat calibration boards, although their capability of projecting and scanning 3D objects. For this reason, a new method based on ISO 10360 has been proposed. Analysis of the system’s ability to perform length measurements, selection of a reference standard, and the tested device accuracy were the main objectives of the study. A ball-bar with a nominal length of 3000 mm was chosen as a reference standard. Positions of the reference element in the workspace were determined, and three series of five measured deviations were performed in each setting. The obtained values of measurement errors prove that it is possible to use ball-bar standards to assess the accuracy of the described systems, which is defined by the equation MPE(E0) = ±0.5 mm. The proposed method could be adapted to perform more complex analyzes in this area.

Design and Analysis of Non-Uniformly Spaced Dipole Array Antenna

Dipole antenna array is designed at operating frequency of 450MHz using FR4 substrate. Uniform circularly polarized (UCP) and non-uniform circularly polarized (NUCP) dipole arrays are designed. NUCP array is achieved by placing antenna elements at unequal distance from the reference element. Low side lobe level is necessary to reduce interference with other frequencies in the band which is achieved in case of NUCP array compared UCP array. The simulation is carried out using EM flow solver HFSS. The simulation results indicate that there is a reduction in the side lobe level for the 1×7 NUCP array as compared to UCP array. To enhance the gain of the dipole array dielectric lens is used as the secondary radiator which also acts as a radome to protect the array. The maximum gain achieved is 1.59dB with lens. Return loss less than -15dB is achieved in all cases. Axial ratio less than 3dB achieved for circular polarized arrays. The designed NUCP array with lens can be used in SAR (synthetic aperture radar) applications.

Impacts caused by swine manure application and proper management proposition in a swine finishing farm

Due to the increase in the PWW production level by the high concentration of animals per area, the intensification and concentration of pig farming in certain regions has resulted in the intensive application of swine manure (PWW) in the same terrain, which may provide the soil accumulation and the transference of elements may compromise the productive capacity of the territorial space of that region. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the elements concentration present in the soil and in swine waste, in relation to the values stipulated by CONAMA Resolution n. 420 (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente [CONAMA], 2009) and also by CETESB n. 195/2005 (Companhia de Tecnologia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo [CETESB], 2005), which provides for criteria and values guiding soil quality and groundwater for chemicals presence, and, based on the reference element, adapt to the technical standard P 4,231/2015 (Companhia de Tecnologia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo [CETESB], 2015) proposed by CETESB for the dose calculation of vinasse application, in PWW application in pasture cultivation. The work accomplished at Fazenda Talhado Cinco de Março rural area - Rio Verde Municipality – Goiás state. Samples were performed to determine the soil physicochemical attributes and PWW chemical analysis of the soil, submitted to statistical analysis of Analysis of Variance and Tukey’s Test 5%. The results made it possible to verify that the used management is not the most appropriate, and it is necessary to review the procedures currently adopted, such as performing more constant soil and PWW analyzes, to avoid that their continual application in a disorderly manner and with possible negative impacts on the environment.

Zeugma as a Method of Pragmatic Focusing in a Literary Text (Based on the Material of the German Language)

Introduction.The article analyses the specifics of the functioning of the zeugma in artistic speech. Despite the popularity of this rhetorical figure since ancient times and its use in various spheres of communication, there is still no complete clarity about the essence of this linguistic phenomenon.Methodology and sources.The article considers various interpretations of the zeugma, determines its place in the circle of other rhetorical figures, conducts a structural analysis of zeugmatic constructions, identifies its syntactic and morphological variations, analyzes the stylistic potential. As an empirical material, lyrical and prose texts of German-language literature of the XIX–XX centuries are used, including works by H. Heine, A. Döblin, G. Trakl, G. Benn, K. Edschmid, H. Böll and other authors.Results and discussion.As a rhetorical figure, zeugma is built on the conflict of syntax and semantics, representing several syntactically homogeneous, but semantically heterogeneous elements. Zeugma, as a rule, has a nuclear word in its composition, in which, in conjunction with various actants, different meanings/shades of meanings are actualized, although “non-nuclear” zeugmas are also found. The role of the reference element is most often a verb-predicate, less often the core of the construction becomes an adjective, participle, adverb, noun. The elements of the paratactic series are usually nouns (homogeneous subjects, additions, circumstances), but the analysis also reveals cases of illogical combinations represented by other parts of speech, as well as examples with heterogeneous morphological forms within the same zeugmatic construction. The functional analysis of the zeugma demonstrates the rich stylistic potential of this rhetorical figure, which acts as a means of humor and satire in literary texts, serving to convey emotional states, semantic saturation of the utterance, and the increment of new meanings.Conclusion. Zeugma acts as a significant method of pragmatic focusing in a literary text, being especially widely represented in modernist literature, characterized by semantic multilayering and intensity of artistic expression.