Study of Parameters Optimization of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Engine Waste Heat Recovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 585-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Guang Zhang ◽  
En Hua Wang ◽  
Ming Gao Ouyang ◽  
Bo Yuan Fan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Pure Component ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Engine Industry ◽  
Super Heater

Energy saving and environment protection are two most important issues that today’s internal combustion engine industry must tackle with. Lots of heat energy waste with the exhaust gas when the engine is running. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a good method to recover the waste heat of the engine exhaust. In this paper, the mathematical model of ORC was built up in Matlab and the parameters were optimized using genetic algorithm (GA). Eight pure component organic working fluids were selected and compared. The results indicate that the evaporating pressure of the working fluid and the condensing temperature are two important parameters for ORC; the super heater also can enhance the system thermal efficiency slightly.

scholarly journals Development of a Pattern Recognition Methodology with Thermography and Implementation in an Experimental Study of a Boiler for a WHRS-ORC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concepción Paz ◽  
Eduardo Suarez ◽  
Miguel Concheiro ◽  
Antonio Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Working Fluid

Waste heat dissipated in the exhaust system in a combustion engine represents a major source of energy to be recovered and converted into useful work. A waste heat recovery system (WHRS) based on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising approach, and has gained interest in the last few years in an automotive industry interested in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Understanding the thermodynamic response of the boiler employed in an ORC plays an important role in steam cycle performance prediction and control system design. The aim of this study is therefore to present a methodology to study these devices by means of pattern recognition with infrared thermography. In addition, the experimental test bench and its operating conditions are described. The methodology proposed identifies the wall coordinates, traces paths, and tracks wall temperature along them in a way that can be exported for subsequent post-processing and analysis. As for the results, through the wall temperature paths on both sides (exhaust gas and working fluid) it was possible to quantitatively estimate the temperature evolution along the boiler and, in particular, the beginning and end of evaporation.

scholarly journals Development of a Pattern Recognition Methodology with Thermography and Implementation in an Experimental Study of a Boiler for a WHRS-ORC

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
Concepción Paz ◽  
Eduardo Suárez ◽  
Miguel Concheiro ◽  
Antonio Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Working Fluid

Waste heat dissipated in the exhaust system in a combustion engine represents a major source of energy to be recovered and converted into useful work. A waste heat recovery system (WHRS) based on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising approach, and it gained interest in the last few years in an automotive industry interested in reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Understanding the thermodynamic response of the boiler employed in an ORC plays an important role in steam cycle performance prediction and control system design. The aim of this study is, therefore, to present a methodology to study these devices by means of pattern recognition with infrared thermography. In addition, the experimental test bench and its operating conditions are described. The methodology proposed identifies the wall coordinates, traces the paths, and tracks the wall temperature along them in a way that can be exported for subsequent post-processing and analysis. As for the results, through the wall temperature paths on both sides (exhaust gas and working fluid), it was possible to quantitatively estimate the temperature evolution along the boiler and, in particular, the beginning and end of evaporation.

scholarly journals Organic Rankine Cycle Optimization Performance Analysis Based on Super-Heater Pressure: Comparison of Working Fluids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2548
Author(s):  
Ana Fernández-Guillamón ◽  
Ángel Molina-García ◽  
Francisco Vera-García ◽  
José A. Almendros-Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Saturation Pressure ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Super Heater ◽  
Condensing Pressure

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is widely accepted to produce electricity from low-grade thermal heat sources. In fact, it is a developed technology for waste-heat to electricity conversions. In this paper, an ORC made up of super-heater, turbine, regenerator, condenser, pump, economizer and evaporator is considered. An optimization model to obtain the maximum performance of such ORC, depending on the super-heater pressure, is proposed and assessed, in order to find possible new working fluids that are less pollutant with similar behavior to those traditionally used. The different super-heater pressures under analysis lie in between the condenser pressure and 80% of the critical pressure of each working fluid, taking 100 values uniformly distributed. The system and optimization algorithm have been simulated in Matlab with the CoolProp library. Results show that the twelve working fluids can be categorized into four main groups, depending on the saturation pressure at ambient conditions (condenser pressure), observing that the fluids belonging to Group 1, which corresponds with the lower condensing pressure (around 100 kPa), provide the highest thermal efficiency, with values around η=23−25%. Moreover, it is also seen that R123 can be a good candidate to substitute R141B and R11; R114 can replace R236EA and R245FA; and both R1234ZE and R1234YF have similar behavior to R134A.

scholarly journals Exergy, Economic, and Life-Cycle Assessment of ORC System for Waste Heat Recovery in a Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engine

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Valencia Ochoa ◽  
Javier Cárdenas Gutierrez ◽  
Jorge Duarte Forero
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Tube Heat Exchanger ◽  
Exhaust Heat

In this article, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) was integrated into a 2-MW natural gas engine to evaluate the possibility of generating electricity by recovering the engine’s exhaust heat. The operational and design variables with the greatest influence on the energy, economic, and environmental performance of the system were analyzed. Likewise, the components with greater exergy destruction were identified through the variety of different operating parameters. From the parametric results, it was found that the evaporation pressure has the greatest influence on the destruction of exergy. The highest fraction of exergy was obtained for the Shell and tube heat exchanger (ITC1) with 38% of the total exergy destruction of the system. It was also determined that the high value of the heat transfer area increases its acquisition costs and the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the thermal system. Therefore, these systems must have a turbine technology with an efficiency not exceeding 90% because, from this value, the LCOE of the system surpasses the LCOE of a gas turbine. Lastly, a life cycle analysis (LCA) was developed on the system operating under the selected organic working fluids. It was found that the component with the greatest environmental impact was the turbine, which reached a maximum value of 3013.65 Pts when the material was aluminum. Acetone was used as the organic working fluid.

Similarity Based Performance Prediction of Organic Rankine Cycle Turbine Using Air Condition Data

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Weilin Zhuge ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yangjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Prediction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Similarity Theory ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Turbine Performance

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is an effective technology to recover the waste heat of the internal combustion engine (ICE) exhaust gas and coolant water. Performance prediction and matching of the expander is a key issue, during designing the ORC system. Radial turbines have the advantage in the ORC system for the ICE waste heat recovery because of its small size and high efficiency compared with volumetric expanders. But the ORC turbines design database is insufficient and the organic gas test rig is difficult to be constructed. As a result, this paper, based on similarity theory, establishes a performance prediction method for fully using the mature design and experimental datum of air turbines. By this prediction method, turbine performance can be obtained when its working fluid is changed from the air to the organic gas. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution has been obtained for a calculation example, and the validity of the turbine performance prediction method is demonstrated by comparing the ORC turbine’s predicted performance with the simulated performance. The results show that almost all of the performance parameter’s predictive deviation is less than 5%. This paper comes to a conclusion that designing an R123 gas turbine is similar with designing an air turbine whose rotation rate is twice that of the former, expansion ratio is twice that of the former, power is four times twice that of the former at the same mass flow rate.

Preliminary Design of a Lab-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cabezas ◽  
José Mendoza ◽  
Iván Ponce ◽  
Rafael Cantorin ◽  
Daniel Gonzales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Preliminary Design

This work describes the preliminary design of a lab-scale organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery based applications. As heat source for the ORC, exhaust gases from an actual internal combustion engine are utilized. The design is primarily carried out accounting for the working fluid path. More specifically, a brief introduction to be subject is initially provided. The details of the ORC preliminary design are discussed next. This includes the selection of the main working fluid, the definition of the ORC plant layout and the design of the main ORC plant components. The specifics of an overall control loop resembling an actual control system that could be used in the designed ORC based plant is also provided. In terms of power output, the results show that up to 1.68 kW can be produced from the waste heat of internal combustion engines like the one accounted for in this work. Compared to the shaft power (25.1 kW) associated with the internal combustion engine providing the heat source, this power output represents about 7%. The preliminary design described here constitutes the first step of a large effort aiming to build, install and test a lab-scale ORC for educational purposes. It is expected that such ORC based plant allows carrying out in future several studies, including the development of different control strategies for maximizing the operational performance of these plants.

scholarly journals Component-Oriented Modeling of a Micro-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Emanuele Habib ◽  
Enrico Bocci ◽  
Luca Cioccolanti
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Micro Scale

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems are some of the most suitable technologies to produce electricity from low-temperature waste heat. In this study, a non-regenerative, micro-scale ORC system was tested in off-design conditions using R134a as the working fluid. The experimental data were then used to tune the semi-empirical models of the main components of the system. Eventually, the models were used in a component-oriented system solver to map the system electric performance at varying operating conditions. The analysis highlighted the non-negligible impact of the plunger pump on the system performance Indeed, the experimental results showed that the low pump efficiency in the investigated operating range can lead to negative net electric power in some working conditions. For most data points, the expander and the pump isentropic efficiencies are found in the approximate ranges of 35% to 55% and 17% to 34%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum net electric power was about 200 W with a net electric efficiency of about 1.2%, thus also stressing the importance of a proper selection of the pump for waste heat recovery applications.

scholarly journals Organic Rankine cycle for turboprop engine application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
G.E. Pateropoulos ◽  
T.G. Efstathiadis ◽  
A.I. Kalfas
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Turboprop Engine

ABSTRACT The potential to recover waste heat from the exhaust gases of a turboprop engine and produce useful work through an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is investigated. A thermodynamic analysis of the engine’s Brayton cycle is derived to determine the heat source available for exploitation. The aim is to use the aircraft engine fuel as the working fluid of the organic Rankine cycle in order to reduce the extra weight of the waste heat recovery system and keep the thrust-to-weight ratio as high as possible. A surrogate fuel with thermophysical properties similar to aviation gas turbine fuel is used for the ORC simulation. The evaporator design as well as the weight minimisation and safety of the suggested application are the most crucial aspects determining the feasibility of the proposed concept. The results show that there is potential in the exhaust gases to produce up to 50kW of power, corresponding to a 10.1% improvement of the overall thermal efficiency of the engine.

Theoretical and experimental investigation of an organic Rankine cycle for a waste heat recovery system

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Gu ◽  
Y Weng ◽  
Y Wang ◽  
B Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Entropy Generation Rate ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Total Entropy ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery System ◽  
Cycle Efficiency

This article describes and evaluates an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for a waste heat recovery system by both theoretical and experimental studies. Theoretical analysis of several working fluids shows that cycle efficiency is very sensitive to evaporating pressure, but insensitive to expander inlet temperature. Second law analysis was carried out using R600a as a working fluid and a flow of hot air as a heat source, which is not isothermal, along the evaporator. The result discloses that the evaporator's internal and external entropy generation is the main source of total entropy generation. The effect of the heat source temperature, evaporating pressure, and evaporator size on the entropy generation rate is also presented. The obtained useful power is directly linked to the total entropy generation rate according to the Gouy—Stodola theorem. The ORC testing system was established and operated using R600a as a working fluid and hot water as a heat source. The maximum cycle efficiency of the testing system is 5.2 per cent, and the testing result also proves that cycle efficiency is insensitive to heat source temperature, but sensitive to evaporating pressure. The entropy result also shows that internal and external entropy of the evaporator is the main source of total entropy generation.

Waste Heat Recovery in a Cruise Vessel in the Baltic Sea by Using an Organic Rankine Cycle: A Case Study

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Ahlgren ◽  
Maria E. Mondejar ◽  
Magnus Genrup ◽  
Marcus Thern
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Net Power Output

Maritime transportation is a significant contributor to SOx, NOx and particle matter emissions, even though it has a quite low CO2 impact. New regulations are being enforced in special areas that limit the amount of emissions from the ships. This fact, together with the high fuel prices, is driving the marine industry towards the improvement of the energy efficiency of current ship engines and the reduction of their energy demand. Although more sophisticated and complex engine designs can improve significantly the efficiency of the energy systems in ships, waste heat recovery arises as the most influent technique for the reduction of the energy consumption. In this sense, it is estimated that around 50% of the total energy from the fuel consumed in a ship is wasted and rejected in fluid and exhaust gas streams. The primary heat sources for waste heat recovery are the engine exhaust and the engine coolant. In this work, we present a study on the integration of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in an existing ship, for the recovery of the main and auxiliary engines exhaust heat. Experimental data from the operating conditions of the engines on the M/S Birka Stockholm cruise ship were logged during a port-to-port cruise from Stockholm to Mariehamn over a period of time close to one month. The ship has four main engines Wärtsilä 5850 kW for propulsion, and four auxiliary engines 2760 kW used for electrical consumers. A number of six load conditions were identified depending on the vessel speed. The speed range from 12–14 knots was considered as the design condition, as it was present during more than 34% of the time. In this study, the average values of the engines exhaust temperatures and mass flow rates, for each load case, were used as inputs for a model of an ORC. The main parameters of the ORC, including working fluid and turbine configuration, were optimized based on the criteria of maximum net power output and compactness of the installation components. Results from the study showed that an ORC with internal regeneration using benzene would yield the greatest average net power output over the operating time. For this situation, the power production of the ORC would represent about 22% of the total electricity consumption on board. These data confirmed the ORC as a feasible and promising technology for the reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of existing ships.

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