Research on Mercury Emissions Regularity and Adsorbing Mercury by Activated Carbon in Coal-fired Power Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Xian Liu ◽  
Pei Pei Sun ◽  
Song Tao Chen ◽  
Li Juan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Mercury Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon ◽  
Mercury Emissions

The coal-fired power plant is the main anthropogenic source of mercury pollution. The mercury in flue gas exists as elemental mercury(Hg0), oxidizing state mercury(Hg2+) and particulate mercury(Hgp). Mercury speciation distribution in flue gas was influenced and controled by the factors including conditions of ignition, desulphurization or denitration and Based on the investigation of coal-fired power plant technologies of removing Hg, this research uses the modified activated carbon (MAC) and studies its removal efficiency. Result indicates that the uptake of Hg by MAC was﹥90%.

Preparation and characterization of high efficiency modified activated carbon for the capture of mercury from flue gas in coal-fired power plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin B. Wade ◽  
Chad Thurman ◽  
William Freas ◽  
James Student ◽  
David Matty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon

To MACT or Not to MACT: Mercury Emissions From Waste-to-Energy and Coal-Fired Power Plants

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis ◽  
Nada Assaf-Anid
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

During the combustion of fuel in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) and coal-fired power plants, all of the mercury input in the feed is volatilized. The primary forms of mercury in stack gas are elemental mercury (Hg0) and mercuric ions (Hg2+) that are predominantly found as mercuric chloride. The most efficient way to remove mercury from the combustion gases is by means of dry scrubbing, followed by activated carbon injection and a fabric filter baghouse. Back in 1988, the U.S. WTE power plants emitted about 90 tons of mercury (Hg). By 2003, implementation of the EPA Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) standards, at a cost of one billion dollars, reduced WTE mercury emissions to less than one ton of mercury. EPA now considers coal-fired power plants to be the largest remaining anthropogenic source of mercury emissions. Approximately 800 million short tons of coal, containing nearly 80 short tons of Hg are combusted annually in the U.S. for electricity production. About 40% of this amount is presently captured in the gas control systems of coal-fired utilities. Since the concentration of mercury in U.S. coal is ten times lower than in the MSW feed and the volume of gas to be cleaned 55 times higher, the cost of implementing MACT by the U.S. coal-fired utilities is estimated to be about $25 billion. However, when this retrofit cost is compared to the total capital investment and revenues of the two industries, it is concluded that MACT should be affordable. Per kilogram of mercury to be captured, the cost of MACT implementation by the utilities will be twenty times higher than was for the WTE industry. However, implementation of MACT by the utilities will also reduce the emissions of other gaseous contaminants and of particulate matter.

Novel Sorbents and their Sorptive Properties for Mercury Emissions Control of Coal-Fired Flue Gas

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Huang ◽  
Yan Bin Zhu ◽  
Dan Jie Meng
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Mercury Control ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons

Mercury is a striking pollutant and mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants are under environmental regulation. The primary objective of mercury abatement in coal-fired power plants is to remove elemental mercury. Sorbent injection is one of the major commercially available technologies for mercury control from coal fired power plants and activated carbon is the most commonly employed sorbent. Modified activated carbons have been found to exhibit high mercury emission reduction efficiency. Noble metal and metal oxides also showed excellent mercury adsorption capacity. Fly ash, a waste product from coal-fired solid wastes, may be an excellent adsorbent owing to its low cost and abundance. There is no consistent evidence for the adsorption mechanism of mercury on modified activated carbon; a popular view is that the sorption mechanism is combination of physisorption and chemisorption.

scholarly journals Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1183-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. X. Wang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
G. H. Li ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
J. M. Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Mercury Emission ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract. Comprehensive field measurements are needed to understand the mercury emissions from Chinese power plants and to improve the accuracy of emission inventories. Characterization of mercury emissions and their behavior were measured in six typical coal-fired power plants in China. During the tests, the flue gas was sampled simultaneously at inlet and outlet of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) using the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM). The pulverized coal, bottom ash, fly ash and gypsum were also sampled in the field. Mercury concentrations in coal burned in the measured power plants ranged from 17 to 385 μg/kg. The mercury mass balances for the six power plants varied from 87 to 116% of the input coal mercury for the whole system. The total mercury concentrations in the flue gas from boilers were at the range of 1.92–27.15 μg/m3, which were significantly related to the mercury contents in burned coal. The mercury speciation in flue gas right after the boiler is influenced by the contents of halogen, mercury, and ash in the burned coal. The average mercury removal efficiencies of ESP, ESP plus wet FGD, and ESP plus dry FGD-FF systems were 24%, 73% and 66%, respectively, which were similar to the average removal efficiencies of pollution control device systems in other countries such as US, Japan and South Korea. The SCR system oxidized 16% elemental mercury and reduced about 32% of total mercury. Elemental mercury, accounting for 66–94% of total mercury, was the dominant species emitted to the atmosphere. The mercury emission factor was also calculated for each power plant.

scholarly journals Mercury emission and speciation of coal-fired power plants in China

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24051-24083 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
G. Li ◽  
Y. Wu ◽  
J. Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Mercury Emission ◽  
Mercury Emissions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract. Comprehensive field measurements are needed to understand the mercury emissions from Chinese power plants and to improve the accuracy of emission inventories. Characterization of mercury emissions and their behavior were measured in six typical coal-fired power plants in China. During the tests, the flue gas was sampled simultaneously at inlet and outlet of selective catalyst reduction (SCR), electrostatic precipitators (ESP), and flue gas desulfurization (FGD) using the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM). The pulverized coal, bottom ash, fly ash and gypsum were also sampled in the field. Mercury concentrations in coal burned in the measured power plants ranged from 17 to 385 μg/kg. The mercury mass balances for the six power plants varied from 87 to 116% of the input coal mercury for the whole system. The total mercury concentrations in the flue gas from boilers were at the range of 1.92–27.15 μg/m3, which were significantly related to the mercury contents in burned coal. The mercury speciation in flue gas right after the boiler is influenced by the contents of halogen, mercury, and ash in the burned coal. The average mercury removal efficiencies of ESP, ESP plus wet FGD, and ESP plus dry FGD-FF systems were 24%, 73% and 66%, respectively, which were similar to the average removal efficiencies of pollution control device systems in other countries such as US, Japan and South Korea. The SCR system oxidized 16% elemental mercury and reduced about 32% of total mercury. Elemental mercury, accounting for 66–94% of total mercury, was the dominant species emitted to the atmosphere. The mercury emission factor was also calculated for each power plant.

Thermo-Economic Assessment Under Electrical Market Uncertainties of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Integrated With a Flue Gas-Condensing Heat Pump

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Vannoni ◽  
Andrea Giugno ◽  
Alessandro Sorce
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

Abstract Renewable energy penetration is growing, due to the target of greenhouse-gas-emission reduction, even though fossil fuel-based technologies are still necessary in the current energy market scenario to provide reliable back-up power to stabilize the grid. Nevertheless, currently, an investment in such a kind of power plant might not be profitable enough, since some energy policies have led to a general decrease of both the average price of electricity and its variability; moreover, in several countries negative prices are reached on some sunny or windy days. Within this context, Combined Heat and Power systems appear not just as a fuel-efficient way to fulfill local thermal demand, but also as a sustainable way to maintain installed capacity able to support electricity grid reliability. Innovative solutions to increase both the efficiency and flexibility of those power plants, as well as careful evaluations of the economic context, are essential to ensure the sustainability of the economic investment in a fast-paced changing energy field. This study aims to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of an integrated solution of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a flue gas condensing heat pump. Considering capital expenditure, heat demand, electricity price and its fluctuations during the whole system life, the sustainability of the investment is evaluated taking into account the uncertainties of economic scenarios and benchmarked against the integration of a cogenerative combined cycle gas turbine power plant with a Heat-Only Boiler.

scholarly journals Thermal and Economic Analysis of Multi-Effect Concentration System by Utilizing Waste Heat of Flue Gas for Magnesium Desulfurization Wastewater

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingwei Yan ◽  
Yuetao Shi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Optimization System ◽  
Benchmark System ◽  
Better Than

Compared with limestone-based wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), magnesia-based WFGD has many advantages, but it is not popular in China, due to the lack of good wastewater treatment schemes. This paper proposes the wastewater treatment scheme of selling magnesium sulfate concentrate, and makes thermal and economic analysis for different concentration systems in the scheme. Comparisons of different concentration systems for 300 MW power plant were made to determine which system is the best. The results show that the parallel-feed benchmark system is better than the forward-feed benchmark system, and the parallel-feed optimization system with the 7-process is better than other parallel-feed optimization systems. Analyses of the parallel-feed optimization system with 7-process were made in 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plants. The results show that the annual profit of concentration system for a 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plant is about 2.58 million, 5.35 million, and 7.89 million Chinese Yuan (CNY), respectively. In different concentration systems of the scheme for selling magnesium sulfate concentrate, the parallel-feed optimization system with the 7-process has the best performance. The scheme can make a good profit in 300, 600, and 1000 MW power plants, and it is very helpful for promoting magnesia-based WFGD in China.

Removal of elemental mercury by Ce-Mn co-modified activated carbon catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
Tianfang Huang ◽  
Pengfei Sheng ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Modified Activated Carbon
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