A Study on the Characteristics of Micro Electropolishing for Stainless Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hyun Kim ◽  
Sang Gyun Lee ◽  
Seung Geon Choi ◽  
Eun Sang Lee ◽  
Seung Bok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Anodic Dissolution ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Burr Size

Electropolishing, the anodic dissolution process without contact with tools, is a surface Treatment method to make a surface planarization using an electrochemical reaction with low current density. Stainless steel can be put various applications which require purity and high precision surface of products. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristic of electropolishing effect for stainless steel workpieces. In order to analyze the characteristics of electropolishing effect, surface roughness and micro-burr size were measured in terms of machining conditions such as current density, machining time and electrode gap. The tendencies about improvement of surface roughness by electropolishing for stainless steel workpieces were determined.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Wear Characteristics on 316L Stainless Steel by Dual Surface Treatment Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5826-5831
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Boron Diffusion ◽  
Shot Blasting ◽  
Wear Evaluation

Stainless steel is used widespread in various industries, but it has poor wear resistance. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the wear resistance of enhanced surface of 316L stainless steel by applying the combination of surface treatments that consist of shot blasting followed by paste boronizing. Glass beads with diameter 250 microns and the blasting pressure of 6 bar has been used as the shot material in conducting shot blasting process. Paste boronizing process was conducted at temperature 950°C for 8 hours soaking. Data were collected and analyzed which concentrating on the samples’ microstructure, microhardness and wear evaluation. Shot blasting improves the case depth of boride layers formed after performing paste boronizing by boosting the boron diffusion owing to the grain refinement created by shot blasting. The ultimate combination of shot blasting and paste boronizing parameters enhance the case depth of the smooth and compact boride layers with high boron content. The hardness performance increase 624% compared to untreated 316L stainless steel which also highly improve the wear resistance of the material. In this investigation, these dual processes of surface treatment which are shot blasting and paste boronizing can be applied in fabricating the improved 316L stainless steel for industrial usages.

A Comparison of the Effects of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters on the Processing of Traditionally Manufactured and Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel Specimens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bicknell ◽  
Guha Manogharan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Wire Edm ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Pulse On Time ◽  
Pulse Off Time ◽  
Off Time ◽  
Time Pulse

Wire electric discharge machining (EDM) is a non-traditional machining method that has the ability to machine hard, conductive materials, with no force and high precision. This technology is used in industries, like the aerospace industry, to create precision parts used in high stress applications. Wire EDM is also commonly used in additive manufacturing (AM) applications to remove printed parts from the base-plates onto which they are printed. Numerous studies show the effects of EDM parameters, like pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and cutting voltage, on the processing of traditionally fabricated metal parts. However, very few studies identify how the parameters of wire EDM affect the processing of AM parts. This paper studies the effect of wire EDM pulse-on time, pulse-off time, and cutting voltage on the machining time, surface roughness, and hardness of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel cylinders. The effects of these wire EDM parameters are then tested on the machining time, surface roughness, and hardness of wrought 316L stainless steel cylinders. It was found that machining time of AM samples was statistically significantly lower than wrought samples and also had better surface finish and lower surface hardness.

scholarly journals Surface Roughness and Streptococcus mutans Adhesion on Metallic and Ceramic Fixed Prosthodontic Materials after Scaling

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Jenni Hjerppe ◽  
Sampo Rodas ◽  
Johanna Korvala ◽  
Paula Pesonen ◽  
Anna Kaisanlahti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Lithium Disilicate ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of fixed prosthodontic materials after polishing or roughening with a stainless steel curette or ultrasonic scaler and to examine the effect of these on Streptococcus mutans adhesion and biofilm accumulation. Thirty specimens (10 × 10 × 3 mm3) of zirconia (Zr), pressed lithium disilicate (LDS-Press), milled lithium disilicate glazed (LDS-Glaze), titanium grade V (Ti) and cobalt-chromium (CoCr) were divided into three groups (n = 10) according to surface treatment: polished (C), roughened with stainless steel curette (SC), roughened with ultrasonic scaler (US). Surface roughness values (Sa, Sq) were measured with a spinning disc confocal microscope, and contact angles and surface free energy (SFE) were measured with a contact angle meter. The specimens were covered with sterilized human saliva and immersed into Streptococcus mutans suspensions for bacterial adhesion. The biofilm was allowed to form for 24 h. Sa values were in the range of 0.008–0.139 µm depending on the material and surface treatment. Curette and ultrasonic scaling increased the surface roughness in LDS-Glaze (p < 0.05), Ti (p < 0.01) and CoCr (p < 0.001), however, surface roughness did not affect bacterial adhesion. Zr C and US had a higher bacterial adhesion percentage compared to LDS-Glaze C and US (p = 0.03). There were no differences between study materials in terms of biofilm accumulation.

Experimental Investigation on Electrochemical Finishing Machining of Stainless Steel in Passive Electrolyte Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 53-54 ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Ji ◽  
Zhi Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrochemical Finishing ◽  
Finishing Machining

The mechanism of electrochemical finishing machining (ECFM) process was investigated. Some vital procedure parameters involving in ECFM process, such as operating voltage, electrolyte component and concentration，machining temperature, electrode gap and current density were also evaluated and optimized, and then these optimized machining process parameters were applied in ECFM experiments for promoting surface quality. In this study, two typical types of workpieces, stainless steel rod and aero-engine blade, were selected to evaluate the validity of ECFM. Furthermore, the important surface roughness characteristics before and after ECFM process such as height and spacing characteristics of surface roughness, surface waviness characteristics, surface microscopic appearance and light reflection characteristics were compared. The experiment and measurement results indicate that ECFM process can distinctly improve surface quality, eliminate the surface scratch marks and defects and reduce surface roughness.

scholarly journals Effect of Sandblasting Angle and Distance on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Zirconia-based Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safoura Ghodsi ◽  
Somayeh Zeighami ◽  
Ali Gheidari ◽  
Hoseinali Mahgoli ◽  
Ahmad Rohanian
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biaxial Flexural Strength ◽  
Nozzle Head

ABSTRACT Aim Surface treatment is necessarily required for bonding of zirconia to the veneering porcelain and luting cements. Sandblasting is the most common and probably the most efficient surface treatment method. Sandblasting roughens the surface and may affect the flexural strength of zirconia. Different sandblasting protocols may yield variable results. This study sought to assess the effect of sandblasting angle and distance on the biaxial flexural strength of zirconia-based ceramics. Materials and methods This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 50 zirconia discs measuring 1.2 ± 0.2 mm in thickness and 15 ± 0.2 mm in diameter, which were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) of one control and four experimental groups subjected to sandblasting with 110 µm aluminum oxide particles under 2 bar pressure for 10 seconds at 15 and 25 mm distances and 45 and 90° angles (between the nozzle head and zirconia surface). Surface roughness was measured by a roughness tester and samples were subjected to thermocycling followed by biaxial flexural strength testing according to ISO6872. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). Results No statistically significant difference was noted in the mean biaxial flexural strength of the five groups (p = 0.40). Different sandblasting protocols yielded significantly different surface roughness values (p < 0.001). The highest and the lowest mean surface roughness belonged to 15 mm/90° (0.51 µm) and control (0.001 µm) groups respectively. Conclusion Change in sandblasting angle and distance had no significant effect on the biaxial flexural strength of zirconiabased ceramic, but surface roughness was significantly different in the study groups. Clinical significances Regardless of sandblasting angle, increasing distance to 25 mm significantly decreases surface roughness that may negatively affect zirconia bond strength. How to cite this article Zeighami S, Gheidari A, Mahgoli H, Rohanian A, Ghodsi S. Effect of Sandblasting Angle and Distance on Biaxial Flexural Strength of Zirconia-based Ceramics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):443-447.

Experimental Investigation of Electrochemical Micro Turning of Ti6Al4V With NaOH Solution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Das ◽  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Mohan Kumar ◽  
Vivek Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Electrode Gap ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Micro Turning ◽  
Good Surface Finish

Abstract Ti6Al4V is a highly favorable material in biomedical, aerospace and many other industries. However, rapid tool wear during machining has made Ti6Al4V into a difficult-to-machine material. Electrochemical machining may be a solution to that challenge. Moreover, high chemical affinity and formation of oxide layer over the surface have limited the application electrochemical machining for Ti6Al4V. In this paper, an experimental approach of electrochemical micro turning of Ti6Al4V has been described. The electrolyte was 10% aqueous solution of NaOH and the tool was SS 310. For each and every experiment workpiece rotational speed and machining time were kept constant. Constant DC voltage was applied and the inter-electrode gap between tool and workpiece was kept constant for each experiment. Experiments were performed using two different levels of applied voltage, axial feed rate and inter-electrode gap. Their effects over MRR and surface roughness have been determined. Additionally, the optimum working condition was determined in order to maximize MRR and minimize surface roughness. For each experiment, acceptable material removal and good surface finish have been achieved. The maximum surface roughness (Ra) was found 1.128 μm in experiment 1. The utilization of NaOH solution has resulted in controlled electrolyzing current, controlled material removal and therefore, good surface finish.

Experimental Study on Effect of Machining Parameters and Environment on Drilling Characteristics of Stainless Steel 304

2016 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jayaganth ◽  
A. Deepak Mani ◽  
K. Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Machining Time ◽  
Stainless Steel 304 ◽  
Forming Characteristics ◽  
Structural Parts

Stainless Steel 304 (SS304) is a non magnetic material and has excellent corrosion resistance and forming characteristics which is mainly used in chemical, petrochemical, aerospace industries, etc. Few examples are kitchen wares, cryogenic vessels, surgical equipments and heat exchangers. However, most of these components require different machining processes to produce the desired product or assembly. But, during machining of SS 304, industries are facing major difficulties such as high tool wear and poor surface finish due to low thermal conductivity and high built up edge (BUE) tendency. Many researchers started working towards machinability of SS304 in different machining processes. Among these, few works have been started on drilling of this material. Drilling process is mainly used for assembly of structural parts and also used as primary process for boring, reaming, etc. By considering the above applications and challenges in machining of this material, the present study analyzes the effect of cutting speed, feed and machining environment on surface roughness and machining time during drilling process.Drilling experiments have been conducted in a jig boring machine using 10 mm diameter HSS twist drill bit by varying cutting speed (16, 22 and 28 m/min), feed (0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 mm/rev) and machining environment (dry, normal soluble oil flood coolant and kerosene) as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. The results indicated that, average surface roughness (Ra) increased from 2.088 μm to 6.647 μm when increase in cutting speed and feed. Roughness value decreased for kerosene environment compare to dry and coolant environment. Also, machining time decreased from 15.01 second to 5.58 second when increase in cutting speed and feed along with kerosene environment compared to dry and flood coolant condition.

scholarly journals Electrolytic Surface Treatment Method for Stainless Steel by Aqueous Solution of Neutral Salt Containing Fluorine

Materia Japan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Masato Yamamoto ◽  
Rongguang Wang ◽  
Isao Tsuchitori ◽  
Naoko Sato ◽  
Makoto Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Neutral Salt
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