The Environmental Risk Assessment of Herbicide Anilofos on Various Chinese Cultivated Soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 356-360 ◽  
pp. 1786-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Liu ◽  
Fu Bin Tang ◽  
Guo Nian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Adsorption Coefficient ◽  
Leaching Behavior ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Anilofos is the organophosphorus herbicide widely used in China. However, little is known on the processes governing the environmental fate of anilofos in soils and its environmental risk for groundwater. Several environmental fate studies were performed concerning the degradation, sorption, photolysis and mobility of anilofos in soils. The degradation of anilofos in three Chinese soil samples followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives between 64.2 d-161.2 d. The adsorption coefficient (KF) values for the three soils were 10.67 (loam), 31.29 (clay) and 11.63 (sand). No notable photolysis of anilofos occurred on soil surface. Leaching tests, performed in manually packed soil glass-plate, indicated that anilofos moved very slowly on the three types of soil thin layer. Thus, the leaching behavior of anilofos coincided well with the results of the batch sorption and degradation experiments. The data generated from this study could be helpful for risk assessment studies of the pesticide in the environment.

Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Soil Lead at a Children’s Blood Lead Exceeding Area in Fujian

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rui Sun ◽  
Hua Qing Chen ◽  
Du Kang Li ◽  
Dong Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Material Layer ◽  
Contamination Degree

Taking Pingzhai Village in Sanming City of Fujian Provice as the researching area, the village has already outbroken Children’s blood lead exceeding and cause a lot of damage to local children. In order to reveal the reason for this serious consequence and assess the environmental risk of Pb, 24 soil samples including 12 from parent material layer and 12 from the corresponding surface layer and 4 groundwater samples are collected. The Tessier sequential extraction method is applied to analyze different speciation of Pb in soil, and Risk Assessment Code (RAC) and Ratio of Secondary Phase and Primary Phase (RSP) are both applied to evaluate Pb contamination degree and ecological risks. The results show that: the concentration of Pb in soil samples exceeds the soil Pb background values of Fujian Province, and the overall concentration of Pb shows a rising trend from the surface to parent material layer, then their accumulated pollution index range from 5.4 to 54.9 in surface layer and 4.7 to 68.1 in parent material layer. Coefficients of variation of Pb in surface and parent material layer are 79% and 86%, respectively. The lead in soil can be divided into 3 chemical speciation containing T1 (exchangeable speciation and carbonate bounded form), T2 (potential ecological risk form) and T3 (residual speciation) and Pb in soil mainly exists in T2 and T3. There shows a significant positive correlation between T2 or T3 and the total amount of Pb in soil. Pb concentration in groundwater has exceeded limited value of Standards for Drinking Water Quality. RAC and RSP ecological risk assessment results indicate that: environmental risk level of RSP is higher than it of RAC, and the contamination degree and potential environmental risk level of parent material soil are higher than them of surface soil applied by the two assessment methods.

Role of pH on Metribuzin Dissipation in Field Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Ladlie ◽  
William F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5(4H)one] residue analysis of soil samples showed greater amounts of residue extractable at soil pH 6.7 than 4.6. Metribuzin leaching increased with increasing soil pH. Metribuzin disappearance from soil followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The half-life of metribuzin decreased as soil pH increased and increased at all soil pH levels as depth of sampling increased. The decreased activity and decreased rate of metribuzin dissipation at lower soil pH is apparently due to protonation and increased adsorption.

scholarly journals Environmental risk assessment of metformin and its transformation product guanylurea. I. Environmental fate

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 844-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürg Oliver Straub ◽  
Daniel J. Caldwell ◽  
Todd Davidson ◽  
Vincent D'Aco ◽  
Kelly Kappler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Transformation Product

scholarly journals Estimation of Residues of Carbofuran and Its Metabolites in Sugarcane and Soil by Derivatization with 1-Fluoro-2,4-Dinitrobenzene and Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detection

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raminderjit S Battu ◽  
Rajinder L Kalra ◽  
Ranjit S Dhillon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Order ◽  
Cane Juice ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Acidic Alumina ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract Residues of carbofuran and its metabolites were studied in sugarcane plants and soil after application at 1 and 2 kg/ha. The residues of carbofuran and its metabolites were extracted by refluxing with 0.25N HCl, partitioned into dichloromethane, and cleaned up on acidic alumina. The respective 7-phenols of carbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, and 3-hydroxycarbofuran were destroyed by treatment with ceric ammonium sulfate, and the residues were derivatized with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The derivatives were estimated by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The concentration of 3-hydroxycarbofuran in sugarcane plants remained higher and persisted longer than that of the parent compound. Carbofuran-derived residues were not detected in cane juice. Soil samples were found to contain only carbofuran, which declined at a very fast rate that followed a first-order kinetics rate of reaction.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dissipation Behavior, Residues, and Dietary Risk Assessment of Fludioxonil in Cherry via QuEChERS Using HPLC-MS/MS Technique

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3344
Author(s):  
Shunyu Yao ◽  
Zixi Zhao ◽  
Wang Lu ◽  
Xin Dong ◽  
Jiye Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Dietary Risk ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Dietary Risk Assessment ◽  
Control Post

The chemical fungicide fludioxonil is widely used to control post-harvest fungal disease in cherries. This study was implemented to investigate the dissipation behaviours and residues of fludioxonil on cherries. A reliable and efficient analytical method was established. Cherry samples from four product areas were analyzed by QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS methods with acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99), accuracy (recoveries of 81–94%), and precision (relative standard deviation of 2.5–11.9%). The limits of quantification (LOQs) and limits of detection (LODs) of cherries were 0.01 mg/kg and 0.005 mg/kg. The dissipation of fludioxonil on cherries followed first order kinetics with half-lives of 33.7–44.7 days. The terminal residues of fludioxonil were all lower than 5.00 mg/kg, which is the MRL recommended by the European Commission. According to Chinese dietary patterns and terminal residue distributions, the risk quotient (RQs) of fludioxonil was 0.61%, revealing that the evaluated cherries exhibited an acceptably low dietary risk to consumers.

scholarly journals Environmental risk assessment of metal-contaminated areas using different bioassays

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Oľga Šestinová ◽  
Jozef Hančuľák ◽  
Lenka Findoráková
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Average Percentage

Mining activities in the areas Krompachy and Rudňany-Markušovce were focused on mining and processing of copper and mercury ore and left harmful effects on the region of Eastern Slovakia. The aim of this study is using different screening methods (XRF, Phytotoxkit and earthworm bioassays) for environmental risk assessment of metal-contaminated areas. Elemental analysis by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry indicated severe pollution of studied soils by Cu, Ni, As and Hg, which exceeded limit values. Significant positive correlation is found between Pb and Zn occurrence in the agricultural soil from Krompachy: Kluknava, and for the contents of particular metals in soil from permanent grass vegetation in Kolinovce locality, namely between Pb and Ni, Pb and Zn, and between Hg and Zn contents. A 7-day bioassay and avoidance test with the Dendrobaena veneta was used to assess the environmental risk of heavy metals in soils. The earthworms mortality was very little influenced by metals in Krompachy soils, but rather affected by Rudňany soils tailing. Phytotoxkit results for soils from Krompachy showed inhibition in germination by 32 % and 29 % for Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum, respectively. Results of the average percentage of growth inhibition by Lepidium sativum was 28 % and 24 % for Sinapis alba. On the other hand, soil samples from Rudňany tailing showed 56 % of germination inhibition by Sinapis alba, and 49 % for Lepidium sativum, respectively. Results of the average percentage of grow the inhibition by Lepidium sativum was 48 %, and 52 % for Sinapis alba Rudňany tailing soils. The significant results (P < 0.05) of the avoidance percentages of Dendrobaena  veneta for tested soils were within the range 80 – 100 % in soils Rudňany-Markušovce tailing after 48 h. The variable toxicity of contaminated soils demonstrated the efficiency and usefulness of the Phytotoxkit and earthworm bioassays as a useful tool for evaluation of soil ecotoxicity. The results supported the expected negative impact of the soil samples on the region Eastern Slovakia.

Persistence and Movement of Diuron and 3,4-Dichloroaniline in an Orchard Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Khan ◽  
P. B. Marriage ◽  
W. J. Saidak
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Carry Over

The movement and persistence of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and its degradation product, 3,4-DCA (3,4-dichloraniline) were studied in an orchard soil which had received diuron annually at the rate of 4.5 kg/ha for 7 yr. Accumulation of residues was not observed at significant levels although carry-over of the herbicide occurred between years. The bulk of the herbicide residue was confined to the upper 15 cm of soil. The degradation rate of diuron generally followed first-order kinetics and the residual levels of diuron in the soil were highly phytotoxic to oat (Avena sativaL.) plants during the 3 yr after the last application. The levels of 3,4-DCA were low in all soil samples (< 21 ppb) and its relative distribution in the soil profile was similar to that of diuron.

Photo-catalytic degradation of gaseous pollutants in paper mills of southern China

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Tong ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Xiaoquan Chen ◽  
Wenhao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Catalytic Degradation ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

Studies were undertaken to evaluate gaseous pollutants in workplace air within pulp and paper mills and to consider the effectiveness of photo-catalytic treatment of this air. Ambient air at 30 sampling sites in five pulp and paper mills of southern China were sampled and analyzed. The results revealed that formaldehyde and various benzene-based molecules were the main gaseous pollutants at these five mills. A photo-catalytic reactor system with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was developed and evaluated for degradation of formaldehyde, benzene and their mixtures. The experimental results demonstrated that both formaldehyde and benzene in their pure forms could be completely photo-catalytic degraded, though the degradation of benzene was much more difficult than that for formaldehyde. Study of the photo-catalytic degradation kinetics revealed that the degradation rate of formaldehyde increased with initial concentration fitting a first-order kinetics reaction. In contrast, the degradation rate of benzene had no relationship with initial concentration and degradation did not conform to first-order kinetics. The photo-catalytic degradation of formaldehyde-benzene mixtures indicated that formaldehyde behaved differently than when treated in its pure form. The degradation time was two times longer and the kinetics did not reflect a first-order reaction. The degradation of benzene was similar in both pure form and when mixed with formaldehyde.

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