Deviation of Mass-Density Allometry in Ramet Populations of Switchgrass

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5316-5319
Author(s):  
Xin Guo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Competitive Mechanism ◽  
Density Relationship ◽  
Packing Process ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Local Crowding ◽  
Size Heterogeneity

We studied a ramet population of switchgrass, caespitose in appearance, and proved the absence of density-dependent mortality. We present a deviation of mass-density allometry based on spatially explicit densities along the vertical space of the population. The number of ramets in the mean-ramet-height space explains the variation in the average weight of whole ramets (M) more accurately, with an asymptote towards critical self-thinning trajectory for such a mass-density relationship. With the development of size heterogeneity, a ‘vertical packing’ process appears in the population. We define the process as a similar ‘self-thinning’ trajectory, through the initial crowding of ramets in the mean-ramet-height space and continued transferring into the upper space and the lower space. The process presents a possibly competitive mechanism of self-thinning, local-competition-driving size deviation and vertical space packing. Here, log10 (M) = 2.91 - 1.25 log10 (NL). Local crowding degree (NL) is the number of ramets per unit area (m2) in the mean-ramet-height space class. Similar ‘self-thinning’ occurs in the ramet population, but it just indicates how those ramets escape out of the mean-ramet-height space class, and therefore how the mean weight of whole ramets increases. Self-thinning should be the result of local competition among effective number of individuals in a population, rather than apparent crowding degree presented by whole individuals. The critical mass-density allometry based on whole individuals should be only a special case.

scholarly journals Comparison of electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
B. Saidu ◽  
A.J. Ishaq ◽  
H.M. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Dahiru ◽  
A.M. Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standing Position ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
One Way Anova

The study was conducted due to the economic importance of horses and shortage of information on electrocardiographic parameters of horses in Sokoto, Nigeria. This study established the normal electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto and statistically compared the values. The study used forty horses comprising of 20 racing and 20 non-racing horses with mean age of 8 ± 0.5 years and average weight of 200 ± 2.0 kg. ECG was recorded using the base apex system with the animals in standing position using single lead channel ECG recorder (EDAN VE-100 manufactured by Edan instruments China). The paper speed was set at 25mm/s while the sensitivity of the machine was adjusted to 10 mm/mV. The durations and amplitudes of P, R and T, the durations of Q and S and the durations of PR, QRS and QT intervals were all determined. These parameters were determined for the three standard limb leads (I, II and III) as well as the augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). Descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16 was used to calculate the means and standard error of mean at 95 % confidence interval. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between the values of the racing and non-racing horses. The highest values of P amplitude, R amplitude, Q amplitude, QRS complex and P-R interval were recorded in racing horses, while highest T wave amplitude was recorded in non-racing horses. Highest duration of P wave, T wave and QRS was recorded in racing horses while highest duration of Q wave was recorded in non-racing horses. Significant difference was found in the T amplitude in racing horses in lead aVF. The mean heart rate for the racing and non-racing horses was 80.3 ± 8.4 and 63.1 ± 9.2 beats/minute respectively. Higher values recorded in racing horses indicates that exercise has influence on electrical activities in horses. Keywords: Electrocardiograph, Non-racing horses, Parameters, Racing horses, Sokoto

scholarly journals Effect of Red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) on growth and survival of the pacific shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in simultaneous polyculture under marine conditions//Efecto de la tilapia roja (Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus) en el crecimiento y supervivencia del camarón (Litopenaeus vannamei) en policultivo simultáneo bajo condiciones marinas

Biotecnia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Alejandro Mcdonal-Vera ◽  
Wilfrido M. Contreras-Sánchez ◽  
Neil J. Duncan ◽  
Kevin Fitzsimmons ◽  
Maria J. Contreras- García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Mean

In the present investigation, we evaluated if the presence of tilapia affects growth and survival of shrimp during pre-growth and grow-out phases. In both experiments, we used a random-blocks design in a single earth pond (0.75 ha) that was prepared and divided into nine (7 x 30 m) enclosures that were considered to be three blocks of three enclosures each. Each randomly stocked block consisted on Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (30 shrimp/m2) and three different densities (0.0, 0.25 and 0.50 fish/m2) of red tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) to give three different treatments with three replicates. The results from the pre-growth and grow-out experiments followed the same trend. In both cases, we found no significant statistical differences (P>0.05) in the final average weight of the shrimp. However, the experimental blocks had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the mean sample weight of shrimp. Shrimp in blocks B and C were significantly bigger than shrimp from block A (P<0.05). For both experiments, we found no effect of the presence of tilapias on survival or growth of shrimp.RESUMENEvaluamos si la presencia de tilapias libres afecta el crecimiento y la supervivencia de camarones en fase de preengorda y engorda. Para ambos experimentos, utilizamos un diseño de bloques al azar en un estanque rústico (0.75 ha) que fue preparado y dividido en nueve encierros (7 x 30 m), se formaron tres bloques con tres encierros cada uno. Cada encierro dentro de cada bloque fue aleatoriamente seleccionado para sembrar camarón blanco del Pacífico, Litopenaeus vannamei (30 camarones/m2) y tres diferentes densidades (0.0, 0.25 y 0.50 peces/m2) de híbrido de tilapia roja (Oreochromis mossambicus x Oreochromis niloticus) para formar tres tratamientos con tres réplicas. Los resultados del experimento de pre-engorda y engorda siguieron la misma tendencia. En ambos experimentos no encontramos diferencias estadísticamente en el crecimiento de los camarones ni en las tilapias. Sin embargo, los bloques experimentales presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0.05) en el peso promedio final. Los camarones de los bloques B y C fueron estadísticamente más grandes (P<0.05) que los del bloque A. Para las dos etapas de crecimiento de los camarones, no se observó un efecto de la presencia de tilapias sobre la sobrevivencia o crecimiento de los camarones.

ETHEPHON AS A CHEMICAL HARVESTING AID FOR THE LATE SEASON HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY COVILLE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. FORSYTH ◽  
D. L. CRAIG ◽  
R. STARK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Solids Content

Single applications of ethephon (1,000 pm) were made at three treatment dates to 20-yr-old Coville highbush blueberry plants. Berry weight, titratable acid, soluble solids content and yield were recorded. Average weight per berry was not consistently different in treated berries than in untreated but in both years the second and third sprays decreased the mean berry weight faster than occurred in the controls or first spray. Total yield was only slightly affected by treatment, indicating that a yield reduction would not be expected through the use of ethephon. Ethephon increased the rate at which the soluble solids and titratable acid (as citric) reached the normal level for ripe fruit.

scholarly journals Satellite galaxies in the Illustris-1 simulation: anisotropic locations around relatively isolated hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereasa G Brainerd ◽  
Masaya Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Stellar Surface ◽  
Surface Mass ◽  
Degree Of Anisotropy ◽  
Surface Mass Density ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satellite Galaxies ◽  
Stellar Masses

ABSTRACT We investigate the locations of satellite galaxies in the z = 0 redshift slice of the hydrodynamical Illustris-1 simulation. As expected from previous work, the satellites are distributed anisotropically in the plane of the sky, with a preference for being located near the major axes of their hosts. Due to misalignment of mass and light within the hosts, the degree of anisotropy is considerably less when satellite locations are measured with respect to the hosts’ stellar surface mass density than when they are measured with respect to the hosts’ dark matter surface mass density. When measured with respect to the hosts’ dark matter surface mass density, the mean satellite location depends strongly on host stellar mass and luminosity, with the satellites of the faintest, least massive hosts showing the greatest anisotropy. When measured with respect to the hosts’ stellar surface mass density, the mean satellite location is essentially independent of host stellar mass and luminosity. In addition, the satellite locations are largely insensitive to the amount of stellar mass used to define the hosts’ stellar surface mass density, as long as at least 50–70 per cent of the hosts’ total stellar mass is used. The satellite locations are dependent upon the stellar masses of the satellites, with the most massive satellites having the most anisotropic distributions.

scholarly journals Determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen values with the radioimmunoassay method in healthy females dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ledecky ◽  
A. Valencakova-Agyagosova ◽  
J. Lepej ◽  
Z. Frischova ◽  
S. Hornak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Cancer Markers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method ◽  
Healthy Females

The aim of this study was to determine reference values of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in 32 clinically healthy bitches. The average age of the bitches in each group was as follows: small breeds 3.50 &plusmn; 2.30, medium breeds 3.83 &plusmn; 3.21, large breeds 6.00 &plusmn; 3.22 and giant breeds 2.40 &plusmn; 2.43. The average weight in each group was as follows: 1<sup>st</sup> group 7.94 kg &plusmn; 1.84, 2<sup>nd</sup> group 22.38 kg &plusmn; 2.77, 3<sup>rd</sup> group 35.94 kg &plusmn; 7.16, and 4<sup>th</sup>&nbsp;group 52.75 kg &plusmn; 5.04. The cancer markers were determined using human kits. The mean values of the carcinoembryotic antigen markers &plusmn; SD were as follows: 1<sup>st</sup> group 0.18 &plusmn; 0.03, 2<sup>nd</sup> group 0.20 &plusmn; 0.03, 3<sup>rd</sup> group 0.22 &plusmn; 0.01, 4<sup>th</sup> group 0.18 &plusmn; 0.04. The statistical significance for the carcinoembryonic antigen markers was P = 0.0042**. The values of cancer antigen markers &plusmn; SD were: 4.90 &plusmn; 1.04, 4.80 &plusmn; 1.13, 5.90 &plusmn; 1.22, and 4.72 &plusmn; 0.97, respectively. The cancer antigen values were statistically insignificant (P = 0.1762). Based on obtained values of the mean 95%, we expect a standard for carcinoembryonic antigen of 0.00&ndash;0.23 ng/ml and for cancer antigen 0.0&ndash;7.00 IU/ml. The results of the present study show that it is possible to use human kits for the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer antigen in clinically healthy bitches using the radioimmunoassay method. &nbsp;

Assessment of markers of bone formation under controlled environmental factors and their correlation with serum minerals in adult sheep as a model for orthopaedic research

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
I R Dias ◽  
C A Viegas ◽  
J T De Azevedo ◽  
E M Costa ◽  
P Lourenço ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Serum Electrolyte ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Serum Minerals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bone Healing Process ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

Summary Eighteen healthy skeletally mature (3 years old) ewes, with an average weight of 45 kg, of the Portuguese Churra da Terra Quente breed were used to evaluate the normal values of total and bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase serum activities (ALP and BALP, respectively) and serum osteocalcin (OC) and their correlation with the serum minerals - calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and ionized calcium (Ca2+). The sheep were maintained under controlled environmental conditions (constant diurnal photoperiod cycle and identical husbandry and feeding) for six weeks before the collection of the blood samples. The measurement of the total ALP and serum minerals was performed with automated biochemistry analysers using the BioMérieux® kits, the serum electrolyte Ca2+ Diametrics Medical, Inc® specific cassettes and the BALP and OC METRATM kits from QUIDEL® Corporation. The mean ± standard deviation values obtained were: total ALP 90.17 ± 85.72 U/L, BALP 15.0 ± 5.44 U/L, ratio BALP/ total ALP 29.28 ± 24.22, OC 13.02 ± 1.87 ng/mL, Ca 2.57 ± 0.37 mmol/L, P 2.13 ± 0.42 mmol/L, Mg 1.04 ± 0.13 mmol/L, Ca2+ 1.29 ± 0.04 mmol/L. Significant correlations were observed between the total ALP and Ca ( r = 0.5939; P = 0.05) and OC and Ca ( r = 0.5706; P = 0.05). Reference to the serum values of bone turnover parameters in sheep could be of great value in research and could provide complementary non-invasive information on the bone healing process, particularly with regard to obtaining an early prognosis of fracture healing.

Mass–density relationship changes along salinity gradient in Suaeda salsa L.

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Genxuan Wang ◽  
Kefeng Zheng ◽  
Weiping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Density Relationship

A New way to Estimate the Mean Mass Density Associated with Galaxies

1977 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. L1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seldner ◽  
P. J. E. Peebles
Keyword(s):  
Mass Density ◽  
The Mean
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