Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Alkyl Polyoxypropylene Sulfonate for Chemical Combination Flooding

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
You Yi Zhu ◽  
Zhang Lei Ning ◽  
Qing Feng Hou ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Guo Qing Jian
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Ultralow Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Formation

A serious of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was synthesized. The O/W interfacial activity of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial tension of Indonesia crude oil/formation water could reach ultralow level (10-3mN/m order of the magnitude) under weak alkali (Na2CO3) concentration from 0.4wt% to 1.0wt% with C16PO8S, C16PO10S, C18PO8S and C18PO10S alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate respectively. These surfactants showed good interface activity and salt and divalent cation tolerance ability. Combinations of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfanate homologies with different carbon chain length could significantly improve the interface activity. The IFT of Indonesia oil/formation water could reach ultralow interfacial tension under alkali free conditions. The combination of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant with petroleum sulfonate could improve the salt tolerance ability of formula.

Research on the Interfacial Tension between Anion Gemini Surfactant Solution and Crude Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Shan Fa Tang ◽  
Xiao Dong Hu ◽  
Xiang Nan Ouyang ◽  
Shuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Oil Water

Both transient-state and steady-state interfacial tension (IFT) between anion Gemini surfactants solution and crude oil were measured. The effects of various parameters such as anion Gemini surfactant molecular structure, concentration, category of crude oil and salinity of water medium on the interfacial tension between crude oil and water were investigated in detail. The results reveal that when the length of the carbon chain or the carbon number of spacer is constants, the increase of either carbon number of interval groups or length of carbon chain is favorable to decrease the interfacial tension. AN12-4-12 has the lowest interfacial tension. As the concentration of anion Gemini surfactant increasing, the interfacial tension between crude oil and water decreases. Anion Gemini surfactants which have a larger carbon number of interval group and longer hydrophobic carbon chain have a better interfacial activity. AN12-4-12 has the best interfacial activity. When the concentration of AN10-4-10, AN12-4-12 reaches up to 2000 mg•L-1, it can lower the steady-state oil-water IFT to 10-3mN•m-1. Different kinds of crude oil have different effects of decreasing IFT and different interfacial activity for the same anion Gemini surfactant. The Critical Micelle Concentration (352mg•L-1, 487mg•L-1) of AN8-4-8 and AN12-4-12 between thin oil and water interface is obviously lower than those (1000mg•L-1, 3000mg•L-1) between mixed heavy oil and water interface. But molecular structure still has a larger influence on interfacial tension than category of crude oil. The IFT between AN12-4-12 solutions and mixed heavy oil lower an order of magnitude than that between AN8-4-8 solutions and mixed heavy oil. As the solution salinity increased, the interfacial tension between anion Gemini surfactant solution and thin oil decrease rapidly. The longer the hydrophobic carbon chain is, the more obvious the effect of salinity is. The salinity is not less than 1.2×105mg•L-1, AN12-4-12 can decrease the oil-water interfacial tension to 2.2×10-3mN•m-1, while AN8-4-8 only makes that reduce to 9.7×10-3mN•m-1.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

Effect of carbon chain length on biological activity of novel palladium (II) complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Jun Gao ◽  
Hong Fu ◽  
Ming-Chang Zhu ◽  
Chi Ma ◽  
Shi-Kai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

scholarly journals Studies on Surfactants, Cosurfactants, and Oils for Prospective Use in Formulation of Ketorolac Tromethamine Ophthalmic Nanoemulsions

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 467
Author(s):  
Shahla S. Smail ◽  
Mowafaq M. Ghareeb ◽  
Huner K. Omer ◽  
Ali A. Al-Kinani ◽  
Raid G. Alany
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Log P ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Ketorolac Tromethamine ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Tween 60

Nanoemulsions (NE) are isotropic, dispersions of oil, water, surfactant(s) and cosurfactant(s). A range of components (11 surfactants, nine cosurfactants, and five oils) were investigated as potential excipients for preparation of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) ocular nanoemulsion. Diol cosurfactants were investigated for the effect of their carbon chain length and dielectric constant (DEC), Log P, and HLB on saturation solubility of KT. Hen’s Egg Test—ChorioAllantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay was used to evaluate conjunctival irritation of selected excipients. Of the investigated surfactants, Tween 60 achieved the highest KT solubility (9.89 ± 0.17 mg/mL), followed by Cremophor RH 40 (9.00 ± 0.21 mg/mL); amongst cosurfactants of interest ethylene glycol yielded the highest KT solubility (36.84 ± 0.40 mg/mL), followed by propylene glycol (26.23 ± 0.82 mg/mL). The solubility of KT in cosurfactants was affected by four molecular descriptors: carbon chain length, DEC, log P and HLB. KT solubility was directly proportional to DEC and the HLB yet, inversely proportional to carbon chain length and log P. All surfactants, except Labrasol ALF, were non-irritant. The majority of cosurfactants were slightly irritant, butylene glycol was a moderate irritant, pentylene and hexylene glycols were strong irritants. These findings will inform experiments aimed at developing NE formulations for ocular administration of KT.

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