Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity in SWC in a Pinus koraiensis-Dominated Broadleaved Mixed Forest Gap in Xiao Xinganling’ Mountains, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3342-3346
Author(s):  
Wen Biao Duan ◽  
Li Xia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Forest Gap ◽  
Ne China ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity ◽  
The Difference

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in SWC within 0-20 cm (upper layer) and 20-40 cm (lower layer) in a Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest gap in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of NE China was analyzed by using classical statistics and geographical statistics. The results indicated that the variation regularity in SWC within 0-20 cm was different from that within 20-40 cm during the growing season, the difference in SWC between the two layers reached significant level at P<0.01; the variability degree in SWC within every layer fell into medium variation. Spatiotemporal heterogeneity in SWC occurred with different degree during the study period. Autocorrelative spatial heterogeneity in SWC constituted the main part of total SWC heterogeneity. For SWC spatial distribution within different layer, the patches at medium and lower ranks dominated in forest gap, the patches at higher rank only distributed within 0-20 cm.

Spatial Variability in Physical Soil Properties in a Pinus koraiensis-Dominated Broadleaved Mixed Forest Gap in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4761-4765
Author(s):  
Wen Biao Duan ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Li Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Forest Gap ◽  
Anisotropic Structures

Locations of sampling points in Pinus koraiensis-dominated broadleaved mixed forest gap in Xiao Xing’an Mountains of Northeast China were determined by grid method. Spatial variability in physical soil properties (PSPs) at those locations in 2 depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm was analyzed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics. The results indicated that soil water content (SWC), saturated moisture capacity, capillary water-holding capacity and porosity were higher in 0–20 cm than in 20–40 cm except for bulk density. PSPs in 0–20 cm had relatively higher ranges and coefficients of variation. The total and autocorrelative spatial heterogeneity in PSPs were larger in 0–20 cm than in 20–40 cm. SWC had a strong anisotropic structure in an easterly and northerly direction, but porosity exhibited isotropy structure in the same directions. With increasing spatial distance, the three other PSPs presented anisotropic structures. Within spatial autocorrelative range, the interactive effect between semivariograms of PSPs in 0–20 cm was not significant. For spatial distribution of PSPs in 2 different depths, the patches with the middle and lower ranks dominated in the forest gap. Patches with higher rank were only distributed in 0–20 cm and were located north of the forest gap.

Effects of soil characteristics on forest gap regeneration in different types of natural Pinus koraiensis mixed forest

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
刘少冲 LIU Shaochong ◽  
陈立新 CHEN Lixin ◽  
段文标 DUAN Wenbiao ◽  
张超 ZHANG Chao ◽  
李少博 LI Shaobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Forest Gap ◽  
Gap Regeneration ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerong Wang ◽  
Yue Sun ◽  
Mo Zhou ◽  
Naiqian Guan ◽  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

scholarly journals Needle δ13C and mobile carbohydrates in Pinus koraiensis in relation to decreased temperature and increased moisture along an elevational gradient in NE China

Trees ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caifeng Yan ◽  
Shijie Han ◽  
Yumei Zhou ◽  
Xingbo Zheng ◽  
Dandan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Ne China

scholarly journals Forest Soil Respirations are More Sensitive to Nighttime Temperature Change in Eastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong SHI ◽  
Ke LI ◽  
Yongming WANG ◽  
Bede S. MICKAN ◽  
Weikang YUAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Apparent Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference

Soil respiration is one of the main fluxes in the global carbon cycle. The effect of temperature on soil respiration is well understood. The response of soil respiration to temperature warming is called apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration, which is an important parameter in modeling soil CO2 effluxes under global climate warming. The difference of Q10 between daytime and nighttime was hardly reported although attentions are attracted by the differences of temperature change and its effects on vegetation productivity. In this study, we investigated the Q10 of soil respiration in daytime and nighttime by modeling empirical functions based on the in situ measurement of soil respiration and temperature in temperate and subtropical forests of eastern China. Our results showed that the Q10 of soil respiration is higher in nighttime with the mean value of 2.74 and 2.35 than daytime with the average of 2.49 and 2.18 in all measured months and growing season, respectively. Moreover, the explanatory rate of soil temperature to soil respiration in nighttime is also higher than in daytime in each site in both all measured and growing seasons. The Q10 and explanatory rate of soil temperature to soil respiration in nighttime is 1.08 and 1.15 times in daytime in growing season. These findings indicate that soil respiration has a bigger sensitivity to temperature in nighttime than daytime. The change of soil temperature explains more variation of soil respiration in nighttime than daytime.

scholarly journals Response Patterns of Vegetation Phenology along Urban-Rural Gradients in Urban Areas of Different Sizes

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Luo ◽  
Yuqing Zhang ◽  
Dongqi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Vegetation Phenology ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Urban Size ◽  
The Difference

On the basis of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index time series data and multisource data, such as nighttime light data and China City Statistical Yearbook data, we investigated the differences in vegetation phenology along urban-rural gradients in urban areas of different sizes between coastal and inland cities in Liaoning Province, China. The results showed that the following: (1) the iterative extraction of urban built-up areas using the threshold method based on nighttime light data combined with the definition of urban built-up areas had high accuracy. (2) Additionally, we found that the start of the growing season (SOS) in Liaoning Province occurred between day 100 and day 180, while the end of the growing season (EOS) occurred between days 260 and 330. The difference in the SOS between coastal cities (i.e., Dalian, Yingkou, Panjin, Jinzhou, Huludao, and Dandong) and inland cities (i.e., Chaoyang, Fuxin, Tieling, Shenyang, Fushun, Liaoyang, Benxi, and Anshan) was 1.70 days. However, the difference in the EOS was more significant, i.e., the EOS in coastal cities occurred 4.47 days later than that in the inland cities. (3) In urban areas of different sizes, the ∆SOS and ∆EOS of inland cities had negative correlations with urban size. Specifically, when the urban size increased 10-fold, the ∆SOS and ∆EOS advanced by 10.03 and 5.71 days, respectively. In contrast, the ∆SOS and ∆EOS of coastal cities had positive and negative correlations with the urban size, respectively. Specifically, when urban size increased 10-fold, ∆SOS was delayed by 11.29 days while EOS was advanced by 8.83 days.

Effect of Crop Presence on Persistence of Atrazine, Metribuzin, and Clomazone in Surface Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Gallaher ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
The Difference

Atrazine, metribuzin, and clomazone half-lives averaged over treatments and seasons were approximately 27, 22, and 55 d, respectively. Clomazone dissipation was not affected by the presence or absence of a soybean crop. Atrazine and metribuzin dissipation was not affected by crops in 1992, but was more rapid in no-crop plots than in cropped plots in 1993. The difference may have been the result of higher soil water content with no-crop (a few weeds present) in 1993 than either corn or soybean. Lower soil moisture may have slowed soil microbial activity, thus suppressing atrazine and metribuzin degradation in the 1993 growing season. Few significant correlations were found between herbicide half-life or herbicide concentration and cocklebur growth, although one would expect these to be an index of activity.

scholarly journals A Novel Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Forest State Based on Unit Circle

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ganggang Zhang ◽  
Gangying Hui ◽  
Gongqiao Zhang ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Zhonghua Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Unit Circle ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Circle Method ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Arc Length ◽  
Closed Graph

Comprehensive evaluation of forest state is the precondition and critical step for forest management. To solve the problem that the radar plot and unit circle only focus on the value of each the evaluation index, this paper proposes a novel method for comprehensively and simultaneously evaluating the functionality and inhomogeneity of forest state based on the modified unit circle method. We evaluated the forest state of the Quercus aliena BL. var. acuteserrata Maxim. ex Wenz. broad-leaved mixed forest in the Xiaolong Mountains Forest Area of Gansu Province and the Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province in China. According to the principle of comprehensive, scientific and operability, 10 evaluation indices on forest structure and vitality were selected to construct the evaluation indicator system. Each index was normalized based on the assignment method and ensured to be strictly positive based on reciprocal transformation method. The areas and arc length of the closed graph, formed by connecting every two adjacent indicators, in the radar plot and unit circle were extracted. Based on the isoperimetric theorem (isoperimetric inequality), a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed. Compared with radar chart and unit circle method, each index in the newly proposed unit circle method is represented by an independent sector region, reflecting the contribution of the index to the overall evaluation result. Each index has the same relative importance weight, contributing to the estimation the relative sizes of each aspect of forest state. The unique area and arc length of the closed graph help summarize the overall performance with a global score. The expression effect of improved unit circle has been enhanced, and as an English proverb put it, “A picture is worth a thousand words.” The new proposed method simultaneously evaluates the functionality and inhomogeneity of the forest state and it is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of forest state problems and the decision-making of forest management.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness of Mycosphaerella graminicola Isolates from Susceptible and Partially Resistant Wheat Cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Christopher C. Mundt
Keyword(s):  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Epidemic Development ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Collection Date ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Pathogen Aggressiveness

The selective effect of quantitative host resistance on pathogen aggressiveness is poorly understood. Because two previous experiments with a small number of bread wheat cultivars and isolates of Mycosphaerella graminicola had indicated that more susceptible hosts selected for more aggressive isolates, we conducted a larger experiment to test that hypothesis. In each of 2 years, six cultivars differing in their levels of partial resistance were planted in field plots, and isolates were collected from each cultivar early and late in the growing season. The isolates were inoculated as populations bulked by cultivar of origin, field replicate, and collection date on seedlings of the same six cultivars in the greenhouse. The selective impact of a cultivar on aggressiveness was measured as the difference in aggressiveness between early and late isolates from that cultivar. Regression of those differences on disease severity in the field yielded significance values of 0.0531 and 0.0037 for the 2 years, with moderately resistant cultivars selecting for more aggressive isolates. In a related experiment, the protectant fungicide chlorothalonil was applied to plots of two susceptible cultivars to retard epidemic development. When tested in the greenhouse, isolates of M. graminicola from those plots were significantly more aggressive than isolates from the same cultivars unprotected by fungicide.

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