Effect of Crop Presence on Persistence of Atrazine, Metribuzin, and Clomazone in Surface Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Gallaher ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
The Difference

Atrazine, metribuzin, and clomazone half-lives averaged over treatments and seasons were approximately 27, 22, and 55 d, respectively. Clomazone dissipation was not affected by the presence or absence of a soybean crop. Atrazine and metribuzin dissipation was not affected by crops in 1992, but was more rapid in no-crop plots than in cropped plots in 1993. The difference may have been the result of higher soil water content with no-crop (a few weeds present) in 1993 than either corn or soybean. Lower soil moisture may have slowed soil microbial activity, thus suppressing atrazine and metribuzin degradation in the 1993 growing season. Few significant correlations were found between herbicide half-life or herbicide concentration and cocklebur growth, although one would expect these to be an index of activity.

Assimilation of surface soil moisture to estimate profile soil water content

2003 ◽  
Vol 279 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C Heathman ◽  
Patrick J Starks ◽  
Lajpat R Ahuja ◽  
Thomas J Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of distributed in situ soil moisture measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Brocca ◽  
M. Galli ◽  
M. Stelluti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Moisture Distribution

Abstract. Surface soil moisture content is highly variable in both space and time. Remote sensing can provide an effective methodology for mapping surface moisture content over large areas but ground based measurements are required to test its reliability and to calibrate retrieval algorithms. Recently, we had the opportunity to design and perform an experiment aimed at jointly acquiring measurements of surface soil water content at various locations and remotely sensed hyperspectral data. The area selected for the experiment is located in central Umbria and it extends for 90km2. For the area, detailed lithological and multi-temporal landslide inventory maps were available. We identified eight plots where measurements of soil water content were made using a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR). The plots range in size from 100m2 to 600m2, and cover a variety of topographic and morphological settings. The TDR measurements were conducted during four days, on 5 April, 15 April, 2 May and 3 May 2004. On 3 May the NERC airborne CASI 2 acquired the hyperspectral data. Preliminary analysis concerning the matching between the landslides and the soil moisture were reported. Statistical and geostatistical analysis investigating the spatial-temporal soil moisture distribution were performed. These results will be compared with the data of surface temperature obtained from the remotely sensed hyperspectral sensor.

The use of hydromulches in organic farming: Effect on different soil parameters in Central Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Sara González-Mora ◽  
Concepción Atance ◽  
Manuel Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Soil Microbial

<p>In recent years, the problem arising from the weed control in perennial crops is increasing, both in young woody crops during the first years of cultivation and in established plantations. The control of weeds through herbicides, the most widespread practice, presents many inconveniences, among which we can mention the appearance of weeds resistant or tolerant to them, crop phytotoxicities, especially in young plantations, or the significant reduction in the active materials allowed. Another aspect to take into account is the search for techniques that allow saving crop water consumption by reducing soil evaporation</p><p>Therefore, in this work we evaluate the effect of three mixtures based on by-products derived from the agricultural sector, mixed with a binder and recycled paper paste and applied in liquid form on the ground with subsequent solidification (hydromulch), on different soil parameters (soil water content, temperatura and flow of CO<sub>2</sub>) in a young olive plantation in containers of 700 liters capacity. Additionally, two control treatments were included (manual weeding and a no-weeding treatments).</p><p>In summary, and as preliminary results, hydromulches increased the soil water content, reduced slightly the soil temperature in the summer season and increased the flow of CO<sub>2</sub>, indicative of a higher soil microbial activity, closely related with the air temperature and the soil moisture. These preliminary results position hydromulches as an interesting alternative to herbicides and the conventional plastic mulches.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: hydromulches, soil CO<sub>2</sub> flow, soil temperatura, soil water content.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong>: Project RTA2015-00047-C05-03 - INIA (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness).</p>

scholarly journals Effects of Monoculture, Crop Rotation, and Soil Moisture Content on Selected Soil Physicochemical and Microbial Parameters in Wheat Fields

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marais ◽  
M. Hardy ◽  
M. Booyse ◽  
A. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Soil Microbial

Different plants are known to have different soil microbial communities associated with them. Agricultural management practices such as fertiliser and pesticide addition, crop rotation, and grazing animals can lead to different microbial communities in the associated agricultural soils. Soil dilution plates, most-probable-number (MPN), community level physiological profiling (CLPP), and buried slide technique as well as some measured soil physicochemical parameters were used to determine changes during the growing season in the ecosystem profile in wheat fields subjected to wheat monoculture or wheat in annual rotation with medic/clover pasture. Statistical analyses showed that soil moisture had an over-riding effect on seasonal fluctuations in soil physicochemical and microbial populations. While within season soil microbial activity could be differentiated between wheat fields under rotational and monoculture management, these differences were not significant.

Using soil surface gray level to determine surface soil water content

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1527-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuanJun Zhu ◽  
YunQiang Wang ◽  
MingAn Shao
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Gray Level

Evaluating Surface-Soil Water Content by Measuring Reflectance

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Skidmore ◽  
J. D. Dickerson ◽  
H. Schimmelpfennig
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Surface Soil

scholarly journals An empirical model for describing the influence of water content and concentration of sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) in soil on the total net CO2 efflux

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fér ◽  
Radka Kodešová ◽  
Barbora Kalkušová ◽  
Aleš Klement ◽  
Antonín Nikodem
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

AbstractThe aim of the study was to describe the impact of the soil water content and sulfamethoxazole, SUL, (antibiotic) concentration in soil on the net CO2 efflux. Soil samples were taken from topsoils of a Haplic Fluvisol and Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples were packed into the steel cylinders. The net CO2 efflux was measured from these soil columns after application of fresh water or SUL solution at different soil water contents. The experiments were carried out in dark at 20°C. The trends in the net CO2 efflux varied for different treatments. While initially high values for water treatment exponentially decreased in time, values for solution treatment increased during the first 250–650 minutes and then decreased. The total net CO2 effluxes measured for 20 hours related to the soil water content followed the second order polynomial functions. The maximal values were measured for the soil water content of 0.15 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Fluvisol with water or solution, Haplic Chernozem with solution) and 0.11 cm3 cm−3 (Haplic Chernozem with water). The ratios between values measured for solution and water at the same soil water contents exponentially increased with increasing SUL concentration in soils. This proved the increasing stimulative influence of SUL on soil microbial activity.

scholarly journals Relating surface backscatter response from TRMM Precipitation Radar to soil moisture: results over a semi-arid region

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6425-6454
Author(s):  
H. Stephen ◽  
S. Ahmad ◽  
T. C. Piechota ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Precipitation Radar ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) carries aboard the Precipitation Radar (TRMMPR) that measures the backscatter (σ°) of the surface. σ° is sensitive to surface soil moisture and vegetation conditions. Due to sparse vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions, TRMMPR σ° primarily depends on the soil water content. In this study we relate TRMMPR σ° measurements to soil water content (ms) in Lower Colorado River Basin (LCRB). σ° dependence on ms is studied for different vegetation greenness values determined through Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). A new model of σ° that couples incidence angle, ms, and NDVI is used to derive parameters and retrieve soil water content. The calibration and validation of this model are performed using simulated and measured ms data. Simulated ms is estimated using Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model whereas measured ms is acquired from ground measuring stations in Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). σ° model is calibrated using VIC and WGEW ms data during 1998 and the calibrated model is used to derive ms during later years. The temporal trends of derived ms are consistent with VIC and WGEW ms data with correlation coefficient (R) of 0.89 and 0.74, respectively. Derived ms is also consistent with the measured precipitation data with R=0.76. The gridded VIC data is used to calibrate the model at each grid point in LCRB and spatial maps of the model parameters are prepared. The model parameters are spatially coherent with the general regional topography in LCRB. TRMMPR σ° derived soil moisture maps during May (dry) and August (wet) 1999 are spatially similar to VIC estimates with correlation 0.67 and 0.76, respectively. This research provides new insights into Ku-band σ° dependence on soil water content in the arid regions.

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