Studies in the Utilization of Biobased Additives as Thermal Stabilizer for Plasticized PVC

Divalent metal (barium, cadmium, calcium and zinc) soaps of rubber seed oil and their binary mixtures (Ba/Cd and Ca/Zn) and epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5% epoxide content) and its admixtures with the single divalent metal soaps were evaluated as thermal stabilizer for dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC using changes in discolouration indices (yellowness index and UV absorption at 360nm) and initial rates of dehydrochlorination measured at 140 and 160oC. The results obtained showed that the divalent metal soaps were relatively effective in stabilizing the dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC against thermal degradation and that the binary soap mixtures enhanced the heat stabilizing effectiveness: marked reduction in the values of the discolouration indices; longer dehydrochlorination induction period and smaller values of rate constant of initial rate of dehydrochlorination. It was found that epoxidized rubber seed oil was less effective in comparison with the divalent metal soaps in stabilizing plasticized PVC against thermal degradation. These results show that the bio-based additives are compatible with dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC, stable to heat within the range of temperature used in the processing of plasticized PVC, inhibit/retard dehydrochlorination and reduce the extent of degradation.

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Stabilizing Effect of Biobased Additives on the Thermal Degradation of PVC

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.1.47 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

T.O. Egbuchunam ◽

F.E. Okieimen ◽

D.B. Balköse

Keyword(s):

Thermal Degradation ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Thermal Stabilization ◽

Aqueous Alcohol ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Methods ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Thermal Stabilizer ◽

Stabilizing Effect

Novel biobased additives prepared from rubber seed oil were evaluated as thermal stabilizer for PVC. Divalent metal (barium and cadmium) soaps of rubber seed oil were prepared by metathesis in aqueous alcohol and characterized by thermal methods (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry). The stabilizing effect of the soaps and their admixtures on the thermal degradation of PVC powder and plasticized PVC was examined by dynamic thermogravimetry and dehydrochlorination studies at 160oC using the Thermomat equipment. The metal soaps showed multiple decomposition endotherms but were generally stable (with weight loss less than 5%) within the temperature range (180 – 220oC) frequently used in the processing of PVC. Using the Broido model, values of apparent activation energy of decomposition of between 50 and 200 kJmol-1 were obtained for the soaps. The biobased additives were found to be relatively effective in stabilizing PVC in powder and plasticized forms against thermal degradation. Using inhibition/retardation time, temperature of incipient decomposition, and temperature at which various extents of decomposition was attained as indices of thermal stabilization, the results from this study indicate a potential for the application of the biobased additives as thermal stabilizer for PVC in rigid and flexible formulations.

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Thermophysical Properties of Pongama Honge Oil Methyl Ester and Rubber Seed Oil Methyl Ester for Wide Temperature Range

International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems ◽

10.4273/ijvss.11.4.23 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Shaik Moulali ◽

Y.V. Hanumantha Rao ◽

Vinay Atgur ◽

G. Manvendra ◽

G.P. Desai

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Thermal Degradation ◽

Specific Heat ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Edible Oils ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Honge Oil Methyl Ester

Thermal energy is used in the process of heating, cooling and product design purpose. In this work, two non-edible oils are considered and their thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal degradation are experimentally determined as a function of temperature using, guarded hot plate method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravtic analyser (TGA). Miniature difference between the obtained and actual thermal conductivity values are influenced by the fatty acid composition. In the present work Pongamia Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME) and Rubber Seed Oil Methyl Ester (ROME) are studied and their properties are determined experimentally for a temperature range of 25 to 80C. It has been observed that thermal conductivity of HOME decreases from 0.168 to 0.124 W/mK and for ROME thermal conductivity decreases from 0.143 to 0.113 W/mK. Thermal degradation and specific heat were studied using TGA and DSC. Specific heat was studied in the range from 35 to 120 C. For HOME, the specific heat varies from 2.345 to 2.64 kJ/kgK. For ROME, the specific heat varies from 1.572 to 1.992 kJ/kgK.

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The Epoxidized Vietnam Rubber Seed Oil as a Secondary Plasticizer/Thermal Stabilizer in PVC Processing

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2021/5525547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Thuy ◽

Vu Minh Duc ◽

Nguyen Thanh Liem

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Sample Weight ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Plasticized Pvc ◽

Secondary Plasticizer ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Thermal Stability Of

The epoxidized rubber seed oil (EeRSO) was a mixture of epoxidized triglyceride, and epoxidized methyl ester of free fatty acids was used as a secondary plasticizer for PVC. An increase in tensile properties was observed by substituting the 10 phr DOP plasticizer with the EeRSO in PVC formulation. A leaching test was performed in five media to evaluate the plasticizing effect. The sample weight increased slightly after soaking in water and 30 wt.% acetic solution, decreased slightly in 10 wt.% KOH solution, and reduced sharply and strongly in sunflower oil and n-hexane. The 10 phr EeRSO in PVC formulation has presented an improvement in migration, volatilization characteristics, and thermal property of PVC. After 72 hours of soaking in n-hexane, the shore A hardness of the EeRSO plasticized PVC sample increased by 14.5% while the PVC sample without EeRSO was blistered and its shore A hardness could not be measured. This was the clearest evidence for the positive effect of EeRSO as a secondary plasticizer. The morphology of the fractured surface of the samples after immersing in n-hexane was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis showed the role of EeRSO in significant improvement in thermal stability. In general, EeRSO not only acts as a primary plasticizer to improve the migration, extraction, and volatilization characteristics but also contributes to the thermal stability of PVC.

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Thermal Degradation of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Reinforced with Organomodified Kaolin Intercalates

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1163.48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1163 ◽

pp. 48-58

Author(s):

Chinedum Ogonna Mgbemena ◽

Ikuobase Emovon

Keyword(s):

Thermal Degradation ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

No Value ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Tea Seed Oil ◽

Sem Micrograph ◽

Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

In this study, Natural Rubber Vulcanizates (NRV) reinforced with organomodified kaolin was developed. The NRV were subjected to thermal degradation to ascertain its suitability for high-temperature automotive applications. Kaolin intercalation was achieved using derivatives of Rubber seed oil (Hevea brasiliensis) and Tea seed oil (Camellia sinensis) in the presence of hydrazine hydrate as co-intercalate. The developed Natural Rubber Vulcanizates were characterised using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra obtained for the organomodified natural rubber vulcanizates revealed the presence of carbonyl groups at bands 1564cm-1 and 1553cm-1 which is an indication of organomodified kaolin intercalation within the Natural Rubber matrix for kaolin intercalates of Rubber seed oil and Tea seed oil respectively while no value was reported for the Natural Rubber vulcanizates obtained from the pristine kaolin filler. TGA results indicated that NRV developed from kaolin intercalates of Rubber seed oil (RSO) with onset degradation and final degradation temperatures of 354.2°C and 601.3°C were found to be the most thermally stable of the Natural Rubber Vulcanizates investigated. The SEM micrograph revealed that the kaolin nanofillers in Rubber Seed Oil modified Natural Rubber Vulcanizates were well dispersed as compared to that of Tea Seed Oil modified Natural Rubber Vulcanizates.

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