scholarly journals Stabilizing Effect of Biobased Additives on the Thermal Degradation of PVC

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
T.O. Egbuchunam ◽  
F.E. Okieimen ◽  
D.B. Balköse
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Aqueous Alcohol ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Methods ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Thermal Stabilizer ◽  
Stabilizing Effect

Novel biobased additives prepared from rubber seed oil were evaluated as thermal stabilizer for PVC. Divalent metal (barium and cadmium) soaps of rubber seed oil were prepared by metathesis in aqueous alcohol and characterized by thermal methods (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry). The stabilizing effect of the soaps and their admixtures on the thermal degradation of PVC powder and plasticized PVC was examined by dynamic thermogravimetry and dehydrochlorination studies at 160oC using the Thermomat equipment. The metal soaps showed multiple decomposition endotherms but were generally stable (with weight loss less than 5%) within the temperature range (180 – 220oC) frequently used in the processing of PVC. Using the Broido model, values of apparent activation energy of decomposition of between 50 and 200 kJmol-1 were obtained for the soaps. The biobased additives were found to be relatively effective in stabilizing PVC in powder and plasticized forms against thermal degradation. Using inhibition/retardation time, temperature of incipient decomposition, and temperature at which various extents of decomposition was attained as indices of thermal stabilization, the results from this study indicate a potential for the application of the biobased additives as thermal stabilizer for PVC in rigid and flexible formulations.

Studies in the Utilization of Biobased Additives as Thermal Stabilizer for Plasticized PVC

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 335-344
Author(s):  
F.E. Okieimen ◽  
T.O. Egbuchunam ◽  
D.B. Balköse
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Divalent Metal ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Thermal Stabilizer ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Metal Soaps

Divalent metal (barium, cadmium, calcium and zinc) soaps of rubber seed oil and their binary mixtures (Ba/Cd and Ca/Zn) and epoxidized rubber seed oil (4.5% epoxide content) and its admixtures with the single divalent metal soaps were evaluated as thermal stabilizer for dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC using changes in discolouration indices (yellowness index and UV absorption at 360nm) and initial rates of dehydrochlorination measured at 140 and 160oC. The results obtained showed that the divalent metal soaps were relatively effective in stabilizing the dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC against thermal degradation and that the binary soap mixtures enhanced the heat stabilizing effectiveness: marked reduction in the values of the discolouration indices; longer dehydrochlorination induction period and smaller values of rate constant of initial rate of dehydrochlorination. It was found that epoxidized rubber seed oil was less effective in comparison with the divalent metal soaps in stabilizing plasticized PVC against thermal degradation. These results show that the bio-based additives are compatible with dioctylphthalate plasticized PVC, stable to heat within the range of temperature used in the processing of plasticized PVC, inhibit/retard dehydrochlorination and reduce the extent of degradation.

Thermophysical Properties of Pongama Honge Oil Methyl Ester and Rubber Seed Oil Methyl Ester for Wide Temperature Range

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Moulali ◽  
Y.V. Hanumantha Rao ◽  
Vinay Atgur ◽  
G. Manvendra ◽  
G.P. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Honge Oil Methyl Ester

Thermal energy is used in the process of heating, cooling and product design purpose. In this work, two non-edible oils are considered and their thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal degradation are experimentally determined as a function of temperature using, guarded hot plate method, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravtic analyser (TGA). Miniature difference between the obtained and actual thermal conductivity values are influenced by the fatty acid composition. In the present work Pongamia Honge Oil Methyl Ester (HOME) and Rubber Seed Oil Methyl Ester (ROME) are studied and their properties are determined experimentally for a temperature range of 25 to 80C. It has been observed that thermal conductivity of HOME decreases from 0.168 to 0.124 W/mK and for ROME thermal conductivity decreases from 0.143 to 0.113 W/mK. Thermal degradation and specific heat were studied using TGA and DSC. Specific heat was studied in the range from 35 to 120 C. For HOME, the specific heat varies from 2.345 to 2.64 kJ/kgK. For ROME, the specific heat varies from 1.572 to 1.992 kJ/kgK.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization and Stydy thermal stabilization effect of calcium complex of anthocyanin on the poly (vinyl chloride)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2063 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Hikmat A Ali ◽  
Hussein A Shnawa ◽  
Dhiaa A Abidalimam
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Stabilizer ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Stabilization Effect ◽  
Degradation Reaction ◽  
Dehydrochlorination Reaction

Abstract In this study, calcium complex of anthocyanin was synthesized from anthocyanin, a flavonoid type natural phenolic product, which was extracted from eggplant peel. The structure of Ca-anthocyanin was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Its efficiency as bio-based thermal stabilizer to stabilize poly (vinyl chloride) was investigated and compared to that of Reapak B-NT/7060, a Ca/Zn-based commercial stabilizer. The influence of Ca-anthocyanin complex on the thermal degradation reaction of PVC was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicated that the Ca-anthocyanin complex is an efficient thermal stabilizer and it reduces the rate of dehydrochlorination reaction of PVC already at a concentration as small as 2 phr, part per hundred of PVC resin. The thermal degradation reaction of PVC through the first degradation stage is clearly limited by the addition of Ca-anthocyanin complex as single (primary) stabilizer. Its efficiency is similar to that of Reapak B-NT/7060 used as reference stabilizer and it can enhance the performance of commercial stabilizer when used as co-stabilizer at mixing ratio (1:1). This study has allowed verifying and validating the usefulness of environmental friendly thermal stabilizer for PVC with very evident stabilization effect.

Thermal Degradation of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates Reinforced with Organomodified Kaolin Intercalates

2021 ◽  
Vol 1163 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Chinedum Ogonna Mgbemena ◽  
Ikuobase Emovon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
No Value ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Tea Seed Oil ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

In this study, Natural Rubber Vulcanizates (NRV) reinforced with organomodified kaolin was developed. The NRV were subjected to thermal degradation to ascertain its suitability for high-temperature automotive applications. Kaolin intercalation was achieved using derivatives of Rubber seed oil (Hevea brasiliensis) and Tea seed oil (Camellia sinensis) in the presence of hydrazine hydrate as co-intercalate. The developed Natural Rubber Vulcanizates were characterised using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra obtained for the organomodified natural rubber vulcanizates revealed the presence of carbonyl groups at bands 1564cm-1 and 1553cm-1 which is an indication of organomodified kaolin intercalation within the Natural Rubber matrix for kaolin intercalates of Rubber seed oil and Tea seed oil respectively while no value was reported for the Natural Rubber vulcanizates obtained from the pristine kaolin filler. TGA results indicated that NRV developed from kaolin intercalates of Rubber seed oil (RSO) with onset degradation and final degradation temperatures of 354.2°C and 601.3°C were found to be the most thermally stable of the Natural Rubber Vulcanizates investigated. The SEM micrograph revealed that the kaolin nanofillers in Rubber Seed Oil modified Natural Rubber Vulcanizates were well dispersed as compared to that of Tea Seed Oil modified Natural Rubber Vulcanizates.

OPTIMISATION OF ENERGY AND MATERIALS IN ACID ESTERFICATION OF RUBBER SEED OIL THROUGH RSM AND ANN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilse Sebastian ◽  
Vishnu Vardhan Reddy Mugi ◽  
C. Muraleedharan ◽  
Santhiagu A
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed

Experimental investigations to predict optimistic biodiesel(s) and its optimistic operating conditions by varying ignition delay period and fuel spray pressures for lower emissions and better performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (19) ◽  
pp. 3890-3902
Author(s):  
Vishal V Patil ◽  
Ranjit S Patil
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Ignition Delay Period

In this study, different characteristics of sustainable renewable biodiesels (those have a high potential of their production worldwide and in India) were compared with the characteristics of neat diesel to determine optimistic biodiesel for the diesel engine at 250 bar spray pressure. Optimistic fuel gives a comparatively lower level of emissions and better performance than other selected fuels in the study. Rubber seed oil methyl ester was investigated as an optimistic fuel among the other selected fuels such as sunflower oil methyl ester, neem seed oil methyl ester, and neat diesel. To enhance the performance characteristics and to further decrease the level of emission characteristics of fuel ROME, further experiments were conducted at higher spray (injection) pressures of 500 bar, 625 bar, and 750 bar with varying ignition delay period via varying its spray timings such as 8°, 13°, 18°, 23°, 28°, and 33° before top dead center. Spray pressure 250 bar at 23° before top dead center was investigated as an optimistic operating condition where fuel rubber seed oil methyl ester gives negligible hydrocarbon emissions (0.019 g/kW h) while its nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions were about 70% lesser than those observed with neat diesel, respectively.

High value polyurethane resins from rubber seed oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hong ◽  
Xiao-Qin Yang ◽  
Xianmei Wan ◽  
Zhifeng Zheng ◽  
Zoran S Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed
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