Orthogonal Test Design for Optimization of Emulsifying Effectiveness of Phytosterol Adding to Milk Using Tween as Emulsifiers

2013 ◽  
Vol 700 ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
Guo Wei Shu ◽  
Ji Li Cao ◽  
He Chen ◽  
Yuan Tan ◽  
Ling Ma
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design ◽  
Tween 40 ◽  
Tween 60

Effect of four emulsifiers including Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80 on emulsifying effectiveness of phytosterol adding to milk was studied by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The concentrations of four emulsifiers were all 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.7%. The optimal emulsified conditions showed as follows: the optimal concentrations of Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80 were 0.40%, 0.40%, 0.20% and 0.30%, respectively, the emulsification R reached 1.043 under the conditions mentioned above.

Effect Of Surfactant Chain Length On Emulsification Dynamics Of Self Emulsifying Formulation Of Poorly Soluble Drug

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Chouhan ◽  
Lalit Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Globule Size ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Tween 40 ◽  
Poorly Soluble Drug ◽  
Tween 60

Aim: In this work the aim was to study the chain length of surfactant on the self emulsifying system of a poorly soluble drug, aceclofenac. The selection of almond oil as a lipid vehicle was done on basis of solubility and compatibility of the vehicle with the drug. Methods: The effect of varying chain length of different surfactants of Tween series namely Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80 was evaluated on self emulsifying efficiency by constructing pseudoternary diagrams. PEG-400 was used as co-surfactant in a definite ratio with all the surfactants to minimize their concentration. The best self emulsifying ability was exhibited by Tween 80: PEG-400 combination followed by Tween 60: PEG-400, Tween 40: PEG-400, Tween 20: PEG-400. This observation indicates that as the chain length of Tweens increases their ability to form a good microemulsion increases if same co-surfactant is used. Results: However it has also been found that the presence of unsaturated bond in Tween 80 provides it an elasticity which supports good intermixing of oil and water and leading to formation of a fine microemulsion. Six different formulations were prepared using combination of almond oil, Tween 80, PEG-400 and the drug aceclofenac. Conclusion : The formulations were subjected to various evaluation parameters such as dispersibility, transmittance, pH, globule size, polydispersibility, zeta potential, viscosity, refractive index and in vitro dissolution. The best formulation was found to have globule size of less than 100 nm, zeta potential of -3.35 ± 0.60 mV which indicates formation of a microemulsion of aceclofenac with good stability.

Surfactants for the Effective Recovery of Salmonella in Fatty Foods

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-Y. D'AOUST ◽  
C. MAISHMENT ◽  
P. STOTLAND ◽  
A. BOVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
False Negative Results ◽  
Tween 60

Inhibitory concentrations of 8 surfactants were determined for Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis. Pure culture work resulted in the exclusion of Tween 20, Teepol 610 and Brij 35 and retention of Tergitol-7 (T-7), Tween 80 (TW 80), Triton X-100 (TX), Myrj 52S (M), and Arlacel 80 + Tween 60 (AT) for a study on the quantitative recovery of Salmonella in 45 naturally contaminated fatty foods. Replicate food samples (100 g) were preenriched overnight at 35 C in nutrient broth supplemented with 3%(w/v) surfactant except AT (10%). Serial dilutions of preenrichment cultures were selectively enriched overnight in tetrathionate brilliant green (43 C) and selenite cystine (35 C) broths and streaked on bismuth sulfite and brilliant green sulfa agar media. Recovery with all test surfactants was comparable to that obtained with nutrient broth controls; of 270 preenrichment cultures tested, only 7 false-negative results attributable to TX (3), AT (2), M (1), and nutrient broth control (1) were obtained. None of the surfactants consistently yielded greater populations of Salmonella for given foods or food categories; median counts for preenrichment cultures were 104–105 salmonellae/ml for low and high moisture foods and 106–107 salmonellae/ml for animal feeds. These results suggest that use of surfactants to facilitate detection of Salmonella in fatty foods is not warranted.

scholarly journals Orthogonal test design for optimizing the extraction of total flavonoids from Flos pueraria

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Fei ◽  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Chen Qingjie ◽  
Ouyang Changhan ◽  
Zhang Ruixue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design

Numerical Simulation of Natural Ventilation in Large-Scale Industrial Workshops Based on Orthogonal Test Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Long ◽  
Jinming Feng ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Shiping Jin ◽  
Yan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design ◽  
Cfd Method

In this paper, orthogonal test design method and the CFD method were used to study the different building envelopes, and the outdoor environment of natural ventilation effect of single span of high temperature industrial workshop. Firstly, 18 ventilation models of workshop with heat source were constructed with orthogonal test design. Secondly, 18 ventilation models of workshop with heat source were simulated with CFD method. Finally, the order of the influencing factors on the ventilation of workshop was obtained through multiple index range analysis of the orthogonal experiment results according to the average temperature inside the workshop. Then the optimal combination of the best ventilation effect was selected. The research results can provide effectively theoretical basis for the future industrial plant ventilation design and optimization.

scholarly journals Optimization of hot-water ice-coring drills

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
An Liu ◽  
Rusheng Wang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Orthogonal Test Design ◽  
Nozzle Configuration

Abstract Hot-water ice-coring drills are often used to recover ice core samples from desirable depths in conjunction with full-scale hot-water drilling systems. However, the recovered cores exhibit varying qualities. The coring performance of a hot-water ice-coring drill depends significantly on the structure of the coring drill head (nozzle angle, diameter and number). To discover the most significant factor affecting ice-coring performance, nine types of drill heads were designed and tested in this study according to the orthogonal test design. Results indicated that the nozzle angle is the most significant factor that affects the coring quality and the optimal angle is ~15°. The number of nozzles is the second most important factor; a large number assists in obtaining ice cores of high quality. The optimal nozzle configuration to recover good quality cores are the following: the nozzle diameter, number of nozzles and nozzle angle are 1 mm, 60 nozzles and 15°, respectively, with the maximum diameter and 2 mm, 60 nozzles and 15°, respectively, with the maximum length.

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