Research on the Natural Gas Enrichment Regularity of Es1 Layer in Yangxin Subsag of Jiyang Depression

Natural gas resource of Es1 layer in Yangxin subsag is very abundant. Natural gas formation, enrichment conditions and regularity are analyzed in this paper. Geochemistry analysis shows that natural gas resource of Es1 layer in Yangxin subsag belongs to biological origin gas. The sedimentary environment, ground temperature, gas source rock and preservation condition of the study area is advantageous, which provide a guarantee for natural gas generation and preservation. Research shows that natural gas enrichment in the lower part of Es1 layer because of limestone reservoir development, and on the horizontal direction natural gas is mainly enrichment in the eastern nose structure zone and southern slope zone. The both zones are the preferred zone for natural gas exploration in the study area.

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Interaction between source rock and evaporite: A case study of natural gas generation in the northern Dongying Depression

Chinese Journal of Geochemistry ◽

10.1007/s11631-010-0075-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 75-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiang Jin ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Guoqi Song ◽

Li Wang ◽

Lamei Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Source Rock ◽

Gas Generation ◽

Dongying Depression

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Significance and evolution characteristics of the isobutane/n-butane ratio of natural gas

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598719880648 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 494-518

Author(s):

Nian Liu ◽

Nansheng Qiu ◽

Zhenming Li ◽

Chuan Cai ◽

Xinjie Shan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Mathematical Models ◽

Source Rock ◽

Ordos Basin ◽

The United States ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Initial Increase ◽

Gas Field ◽

Gas Source ◽

Carbonium Ion

In previous studies, two conflicting conclusions existed, which were: (a) the isobutane/n-butane ratio of natural gas increases with the increasing maturity (Ro) of source rocks and (b) decreases with the increasing Ro. In this paper, the correlations between the isobutane/n-butane ratios, dryness of natural gases, and the Ro values of source rocks of 77 gas samples from Cretaceous and Tertiary in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, Triassic Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin, Carboniferous–Permian in Sulige and Yulin gas field, Ordos Basin, China, and 80 shale gas samples from Mississippian Barnett Shale in the Fort Worth Basin, the United States are analyzed to reveal the evolution of the isobutane/n-butane ratios, then mathematical models of the isobutane/n-butane ratios and Ro are attempted to be established. Results show that the isobutane/n-butane ratio initially increases and then decreases with increasing Ro, both coal-derived gas and oil-type gas. Diverse types of kerogens may be responsible for the different corresponding Ro values when the isobutane/n-butane ratios of gases reach their maximum values. The initial increase in the isobutane/n-butane ratios with increasing Ro is the reason that isobutane is mainly generated at a higher rate by carbonium ion reaction of α-olefins with protons during kerogen primary cracking at lower maturity, whereas free radical reactions to form n-butane relatively quickly during oil cracking at higher maturity and isobutane cracked at a higher rate during the wet gas cracking stage may result in the terminal decreases in the isobutane/n-butane ratios. Besides, mathematical models of the isobutane/n-butane ratios of different types of natural gas and maturity are established. Therefore, the maturity of gas source rock can be obtained quickly based on the models using the isobutane/n-butane ratio combined with other component information (such as dryness, wetness, etc.), which is of great significance to the characterization of natural gas maturity and gas source rock correlation.

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Reservoir solid bitumen-source rock correlation using the trace and rare earth elements–implications for identifying the natural gas source of the Ediacaran-Lower Cambrian reservoirs, central Sichuan Basin

Marine and Petroleum Geology ◽

10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2021.105499 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105499

Author(s):

Lianqiang Zhu ◽

Guangdi Liu ◽

Zezhang Song ◽

Wenzhi Zhao ◽

Qiang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Source Rock ◽

Lower Cambrian ◽

Sichuan Basin ◽

Solid Bitumen ◽

Gas Source ◽

Central Sichuan Basin

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A Semi-Physical Modeling of the Combustion Chamber and Inlet Manifold of a 2 MW Natural Gas Generation Engine

International Review on Modelling and Simulations (IREMOS) ◽

10.15866/iremos.v13i1.18748 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Guillermo Valencia ◽

Jorge Duarte Forero ◽

Carlos Acevedo

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Combustion Chamber ◽

Physical Modeling ◽

Gas Generation ◽

Inlet Manifold

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Coupling between Source Rock and Reservoir of Shale Gas in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, South China

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14092679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2679

Author(s):

Yuying Zhang ◽

Shu Jiang ◽

Zhiliang He ◽

Yuchao Li ◽

Dianshi Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Source Rock ◽

Shale Gas ◽

Sichuan Basin ◽

Gas Content ◽

Potential Zone ◽

Hydrocarbon Generation ◽

Gas Generation ◽

Longmaxi Formation ◽

Siliceous Shale ◽

Organic Pores

In order to analyze the main factors controlling shale gas accumulation and to predict the potential zone for shale gas exploration, the heterogeneous characteristics of the source rock and reservoir of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin were discussed in detail, based on the data of petrology, sedimentology, reservoir physical properties and gas content. On this basis, the effect of coupling between source rock and reservoir on shale gas generation and reservation has been analyzed. The Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation black shale in the Sichuan Basin has been divided into 5 types of lithofacies, i.e., carbonaceous siliceous shale, carbonaceous argillaceous shale, composite shale, silty shale, and argillaceous shale, and 4 types of sedimentary microfacies, i.e., carbonaceous siliceous deep shelf, carbonaceous argillaceous deep shelf, silty argillaceous shallow shelf, and argillaceous shallow shelf. The total organic carbon (TOC) content ranged from 0.5% to 6.0% (mean 2.54%), which gradually decreased vertically from the bottom to the top and was controlled by the oxygen content of the bottom water. Most of the organic matter was sapropel in a high-over thermal maturity. The shale reservoir of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation was characterized by low porosity and low permeability. Pore types were mainly <10 nm organic pores, especially in the lower member of the Longmaxi Formation. The size of organic pores increased sharply in the upper member of the Longmaxi Formation. The volumes of methane adsorption were between 1.431 m3/t and 3.719 m3/t, and the total gas contents were between 0.44 m3/t and 5.19 m3/t, both of which gradually decreased from the bottom upwards. Shale with a high TOC content in the carbonaceous siliceous/argillaceous deep shelf is considered to have significant potential for hydrocarbon generation and storage capacity for gas preservation, providing favorable conditions of the source rock and reservoir for shale gas.

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Emissions Effects of Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation: Comparing Battery and Flywheel Storage to Natural Gas

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14030549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 549

Author(s):

Eric Pareis ◽

Eric Hittinger

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Storage Systems ◽

Storage System ◽

The United States ◽

Frequency Regulation ◽

So2 Emissions ◽

Gas Generation ◽

Electrical Generation

With an increase in renewable energy generation in the United States, there is a growing need for more frequency regulation to ensure the stability of the electric grid. Fast ramping natural gas plants are often used for frequency regulation, but this creates emissions associated with the burning of fossil fuels. Energy storage systems (ESSs), such as batteries and flywheels, provide an alternative frequency regulation service. However, the efficiency losses of charging and discharging a storage system cause additional electrical generation requirements and associated emissions. There is not a good understanding of these indirect emissions from charging and discharging ESSs in the literature, with most sources stating that ESSs for frequency regulation have lower emissions, without quantification of these emissions. We created a model to estimate three types of emissions (CO2, NOX, and SO2) from ESSs providing frequency regulation, and compare them to emissions from a natural gas plant providing the same service. When the natural gas plant is credited for the generated electricity, storage systems have 33% to 68% lower CO2 emissions than the gas turbine, depending on the US eGRID subregion, but higher NOX and SO2 emissions. However, different plausible assumptions about the framing of the analysis can make ESSs a worse choice so the true difference depends on the nature of the substitution between storage and natural gas generation.

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Light hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics and their application in Upper Paleozoic, Shenmu gas field, Ordos Basin

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1177/0144598716679962 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 103-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wenxue Han ◽

Shizhen Tao ◽

Guoyi Hu ◽

Weijiao Ma ◽

Dan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Ordos Basin ◽

Light Hydrocarbon ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Gas Field ◽

Gas Source ◽

Upper Paleozoic ◽

Methyl Cyclohexane ◽

Normal Stage

Light hydrocarbon has abundant geochemical information, but there are few studies on it in Shenmu gas field. Taking Upper Paleozoic in Shenmu gas field as an example, authors use gas chromatography technology to study light hydrocarbon systematically. The results show that (1) The Shenmu gas field is mainly coal-derived gas, which is mixed by partial oil-derived gas due to the experiment data. (2) Based on K1, K2 parameter and Halpern star chart, the Upper Paleozoic gas in Shenmu gas field belongs to the same petroleum system and the depositional environment of natural gas source rocks should be homologous. (3) The source rocks are mainly from terrestrial higher plant origins and belong to swamp facies humic due to methyl cyclohexane index and Mango parameter intersection chart, which excluded the possibility of the Upper Paleozoic limestone as source rocks. (4) The isoheptane ranges from 1.45 to 2.69 with an average of 2.32, and n-heptane ranges from 9.48 to 17.68% with an average of 11.71%, which is below 20%. The maturity of Upper Paleozoic gas in Shenmu gas field is low-normal stage, which is consistent with Ro data. (5) The Upper Paleozoic natural gas in the Shenmu gas field did not experience prolonged migration or secondary changes, thus can be analyzed by light hydrocarbon index precisely.

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Using natural gas generation to improve power system efficiency in China

Energy Policy ◽

10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.066 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 116-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Junfeng Hu ◽

Gabe Kwok ◽

Wang Xuan ◽

James H. Williams ◽

Fredrich Kahrl

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Power System ◽

System Efficiency ◽

Gas Generation

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Computational Simulation of Boil-Off Gas Formation inside Liquefied Natural Gas Tank Using Evaporation Model in ANSYS Fluent

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.839 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 393 ◽

pp. 839-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Mohamad Shukri Zakaria ◽

Kahar Osman ◽

Mohd Noor Asril Saadun ◽

Muhammad Zaidan Abdul Manaf ◽

Mohd Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi

Keyword(s):

Natural Gas ◽

Gulf Coast ◽

Current Model ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

The United States ◽

Liquefied Natural Gas ◽

Ansys Fluent ◽

Evaporation Model ◽

Gas Formation ◽

Lng Tank

Research on the waste energy and emission has been quite intensive recently. The formation, venting and flared the Boil-off gas (BOG) considered as one of the contribution to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission nowadays. The current model or method appearing in the literature is unable to analyze the real behavior of the vapor inside Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tank and unable to accurately estimate the amount of boil-off gas formation. In this paper, evaporation model is used to estimate LNG Boil-Off rate (BOR) inside LNG tank. Using User Define Function (UDF) hooked to the software ANSYS Fluent. The application enable drag law and alternative heat transfer coefficient to be included. Three dimensional membrane type LNG cargos are simulated with selected boundary condition located in the United States Gulf Coast based on average weather conditions. The result shows that the value of BOR agrees well with the previous study done with another model and with International Marine organization (IMO) standard which is less than 0.15% weight per day. The results also enable us to visualize the LNG evaporation behaviors inside LNG tanks.

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