Computational Simulation of Boil-Off Gas Formation inside Liquefied Natural Gas Tank Using Evaporation Model in ANSYS Fluent

2013 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shukri Zakaria ◽  
Kahar Osman ◽  
Mohd Noor Asril Saadun ◽  
Muhammad Zaidan Abdul Manaf ◽  
Mohd Hafidzal Mohd Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Evaporation Model ◽  
Gas Formation ◽  
Lng Tank

Research on the waste energy and emission has been quite intensive recently. The formation, venting and flared the Boil-off gas (BOG) considered as one of the contribution to the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission nowadays. The current model or method appearing in the literature is unable to analyze the real behavior of the vapor inside Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) tank and unable to accurately estimate the amount of boil-off gas formation. In this paper, evaporation model is used to estimate LNG Boil-Off rate (BOR) inside LNG tank. Using User Define Function (UDF) hooked to the software ANSYS Fluent. The application enable drag law and alternative heat transfer coefficient to be included. Three dimensional membrane type LNG cargos are simulated with selected boundary condition located in the United States Gulf Coast based on average weather conditions. The result shows that the value of BOR agrees well with the previous study done with another model and with International Marine organization (IMO) standard which is less than 0.15% weight per day. The results also enable us to visualize the LNG evaporation behaviors inside LNG tanks.

Competitive position of the expanded Panama Canal in the shipment of liquefied natural gas

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 1154-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Carral ◽  
Javier Tarrío-Saavedra ◽  
Diego Crespo-Pereira ◽  
Marina Fernández-Campoamor ◽  
Rodolfo Sabonge
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Gas Injection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Panama Canal ◽  
Order Book ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Competitive Position ◽  
Alternative Routes

The appearance of new gas extraction technologies has led to surplus production in the United States (Gulf of Mexico). At the same time, energy consumption in Asia has increased significantly and Japan has introduced important changes to its post-Fukushima energy policies. Taken together, these factors have resulted in an imbalance in production and consumption between the Atlantic and Pacific Maritime Areas. Over the same period of time, the Panama Canal expansion opened, permitting transit by liquefied natural gas vessels for the first time. These developments are reflected in the current order book for liquefied natural gas carriers, which is composed entirely of ships in the new Neopanamax category. The canal transit fees and new propulsion systems for these ships—dual fuel diesel electric and electronically controlled gas injection—significantly impact the price of cargo at the destination. This study conducts a sensitivity analysis of the variables for transportation costs in order to determine the expanded Canal’s competitive position. In addition, the study uses a Monte Carlo simulation to obtain the most representative values for total cost based on factors such as the type of propulsion and fuel as well as the distance traveled. The analysis clearly demonstrates the competitiveness of exporting liquefied natural gas via the Panama Canal from terminals in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean to consumers in Asia, as well as the competitiveness of the canal itself versus alternative routes. With respect to propulsion systems, the study demonstrates the greater competitive advantage of electronically controlled gas injection propulsion.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF ARCTIC LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS SUPPLIESTO THE ASIAN-PACIFIC REGION COUNTRIES UNDER THE END OF THE “TRADE WAR” BETWEEN THE USA AND CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2/2020) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
M. V. Ulchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region

Currently, the Asia-Pacific market is a priority goal for almost all major producers of liquefied natural gas(LNG). This is due to the relatively high price that local consumers are willing to pay, as well as the accelerated growth rate of natural gas consumption. At the same time, China is the main driver of growth in demand for LNGin the world, has concluded a trade agreement with the United States, which involves the purchase of energy resources worth more than $ 52 billion over two years. Given the decline in LNG prices, as well as increased competition, the issue of the prospects for sales of Russian Arctic gas on the market of the Asia-Pacific region becomes particularly relevant.The study provides a generalized assessment of the needs of the main importers of LNG ––China, South Korea and Japan, with a planning horizon of 4–5 years. The relatively high growth rates of the economy, partial rejection of nuclear energy, struggle to improve the environmental situation, as well as the desire to diversify supply routes explain the needs of the countries in the Asia-Pacific region for additional volumes of LNGin the near future. The analysis showed that both Japan and South Korea are interested in increasing the volume of imports of Russian arctic LNG, whose key advantages over most competitors are the price and relative proximity of sales markets. At the same time, the reduction in the number of operating gas drilling rigs in the United States indicates that it will not be possible to maintain the growth rate of LNG production at the level of 2018 and 2019.

scholarly journals Using Concepts from the Study of Social Movements to Understand Community Response to Liquefied Natural Gas Development in Clatsop County, Oregon

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Tran ◽  
Casey L. Taylor ◽  
Hilary S. Boudet ◽  
Keith Baker ◽  
Holly L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Project Outcomes ◽  
Political Opportunities

Shifts in natural gas supply and demand since the early 2000s have triggered proposals for import and export terminals in coastal locations around the United States. Demand for such facilities is likely to grow with increasing rates of natural gas exports. Clatsop County, Oregon, is one such location that experienced over 10 years of debate surrounding the development of these facilities. The first liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility was proposed in this area in 2004; the final was withdrawn in 2016. While residents expressed both support and opposition early on, opposition dominated by the end. Drawing on insights from the literature on social movements, we conduct a case study of community response to LNG proposals in Clatsop County. We show how opponents were able to successfully frame the potential risks of LNG in a manner that had strong community salience, allowing them to appropriate resources and create political opportunities to advance their cause and influence local and state decisions. Engaging with this case provides an opportunity to observe the behavior and decisions of both opponents and supporters over time, and how they affected project outcomes. LNG proposals in Oregon have been among the most controversial cases of LNG development in the United States. As shale gas development continues to grow, understanding the conflicts involved with its associated infrastructure is critical to creating a more just and equitable energy system.

Boil-Off Gas Formation inside Large Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Tank Based on Specific Parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 690-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Shukri Zakaria ◽  
Kahar Osman ◽  
Md. Nor Musa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Lng Tank

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) fleets are coasting with various condition and behavior. These variable leads to different type of LNG fleets build every year with unavoidable generated Boil-off Gas (BOG). Estimation of BOG generated inside LNG tank play significant role in determines the ship specification and management method of BOG including venting, propulsion or requalification. Hence, in the present study, the right choices of boundary condition and parameter have been implementing in order to have good estimation amount of BOG evaporates for specific LNG tank. Three dimensional model of cargo with capacity 160000 m3 LNG carrier are simulate using ANSYS Fluent with specific ambient air temperature of 5oC and ambient seawater temperature of 0oC have been chosen as a calculation case, gain the total heat transfer rate and Boil-off Rate (BOR). The result shows that the calculation model and simulation are feasible with typical LNG fleet specification and International Marine Organization (IMO) standard.

scholarly journals LIFE CYCLE GREENHOUSE GAS PERSPECTIVE ON EXPORTING LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FROM THE UNITED STATES: 2019 UPDATE

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Roman-White ◽  
Srijana Rai ◽  
James Littlefield ◽  
Greg Cooney ◽  
Timothy J Skone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas

Property Risk Assessment for Liquefied Natural Gas Liquefaction Plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Orme ◽  
Mauro Venturini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Probable Maximum Loss ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Lng Liquefaction

Abstract Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) liquefaction plants have become increasingly important as natural gas is exported from the United States of America to markets world-wide. Downtime of any part of the process train (gas turbine, compressors, controls, etc.) due to failure of one or more of its components can result in high costs. The total cost of loss is of great concern to the LNG industry as it moves towards increased LNG exports with required operational efficiency, and downtime reduced to a minimum. This paper reports the application of a methodology of property risk assessment, providing insight into the use of PML (Probable Maximum Loss) and MFL (Maximum Foreseeable Loss) risk measures. Major sources of risk are analyzed, drawing from both technical literature and operational information on typical large LNG liquefaction plants. The outcome of this paper is an estimation of the economic loss associated with property risk for two hypothetical LNG liquefaction plants, based upon sample plants located in North America and characterized by different capacity. These plants represent recently built and commissioned plants and are chosen to take advantage of current technology and plant capacities.

Prospects for Shipping of Liquefied Natural Gas

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 351-378
Author(s):  
George L. Stiehl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Free World ◽  
World Today ◽  
Energy Consuming

Natural gas comprises approximately 20 percent of the more than 200 quadrillion Btu's of energy consumed annually in the free world today. This paper examines energy requirements of major energy-consuming areas such as the United States, Western Europe and Japan, indicating the probable demand for natural gas through 1985. Implications of this demand in terms of importation of liquefied natural gas are measured to determine probable future requirements for LNG carriers.

Study on Vehicular LNG Tank

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
Rong Li ◽  
Tuo Li ◽  
Ju Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Lng Tank ◽  
Insulation Performance

The vehicular LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas) tank is a key component in the land transportation of-163°C LNG. The cryo-insulation performance of vehicular tank directly affects the security of LNG transport greatly. Based on a 40m3 vehicular LNG tank, a structural design of the vehicular LNG tank is completed, which includes its body,nozzles,heat-insulating layer,sealing devices,saddles and so on. With the safety requirements of less than 2% LNG evaporation rate, the leakage heat of LNG tank is analyzed completely. Then, a heat-insulating layer outside of LNG tank is completed with thermal design. Finally, with thermal software, the effectiveness of heat-insulating layer is proved.

Research on Infrared Thermal Imaging Technique for the Sidewall of LNG Storage Tank

2014 ◽  
Vol 511-512 ◽  
pp. 425-428
Author(s):  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Wen Da Zhu ◽  
Gong Sheng Yang ◽  
Jing Peng Yan ◽  
Nan Jin Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽  
Lng Tank

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is obtained by cooling the gas temperature to -162 degree. Problems with the steel cans, the insulation layer or the concrete tank of the LNG tank can lead to changes of the temperature, local temperature decreases, and the safety of the tank is threatening. Through the combination of many sets of infrared thermal imager to monitor the temperature of the LNG storage tank’s sidewall, analyze the heat imagine, establish the corresponding relationship between the locations on the sidewall of the LNG tank and on the heat imagine, determine the position of the temperature point on the tank wall. Infrared thermal imaging technique for the sidewall of LNG storage tank can find out the heat abnormal conditions and fixing the temperature drop area in time, and provide powerful guarantee for the safe storage of the liquefied natural gas.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LNG MARKET TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RUSSIAN ARCTIC LNG PROJECTS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1/2021) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Michael V. Ulchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Near Future

Currently, natural gas is considered by most countries as the main source of energy, since it is the cleanest of all hydrocarbon fuels. So, the countries of the European Union have already announced their intention to completely abandon coal, in the production of electricity, in favor of natural gas by 2030. A similar policy is being pursued by the countries of the Asia-Pacific region, although they do not specify any specific deadlines. At the same time, natural gas is transported in two ways — using a pipeline and in liquefied form. The main advantage of the second method is that after liquefaction, the gas can be delivered to any point of the planet where there is a demand for it. Currently, the growth rate of the liquefied natural gas market is such that in 15–20 years it will not only catch up with the pipeline market, but also surpass it The paper identifies the key producers and exporters of liquefied natural gas, as well as assesses their potential opportunities in terms of increasing the volume of natural gas production and LNG production. The analysis showed that at the beginning of 2021, the main LNG exporters are Australia, Algeria, Indonesia, Malaysia, Qatar, Nigeria, Russia and the United States. At the same time, Qatar, Russia and the United States have real opportunities to increase export volumes. Australia is also able to increase production volumes, as it has reserves and spare production capacity, but due to the significantly increased domestic demand for LNG, it is likely that it will not be able to do this in the near future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document