Development of a Technique for the Calibration of HPGe Detector to Estimate Radionuclides Present in Steel Samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 766-770
Author(s):  
Sarbjit Singh ◽  
Amol Mhatre
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Efficiency Calibration ◽  
Detector System ◽  
Steel Disk ◽  
System A ◽  
Disk Sample

The quantitative assay of radionuclides present in steel samples is required for the environmental safety as well as in the process control and quality control of the finished products. The standard sources should also be prepared in the required size and shape as that of the sample, for the efficiency calibration of the HPGe detector system. A method was developed and tested to use 152Eu point source for the determination of efficiency of an extended steel disk source using HPGe detector system. Standard point sources of 152Eu were prepared by transferring known amount of 152Eu activity by weight. Standard steel disk sources of required dimensions were also prepared by distributing uniformly the standard activity of 152Eu on both sides of the inactive steel disk. The extrapolated efficiency of the steel disk sample was determined using the efficiency of the 152Eu point source and it was compared with the efficiency determined using the standard sources of 152Eu prepared on the steel disks. The two efficiency calibration curves matched very well within the experimental limits. Using this efficiency calibration, a few steel samples were analyzed for the radionuclides present in them. The detections limits for most of the nuclides were much less than the specified limits. The method can further be extended for other types of geometries with suitable modifications for the changes in thickness and attenuation corrections.

Determination of efficiency of an aged HPGe detector for gaseous sources by self absorption correction and point source methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. T07006-T07006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sarangapani ◽  
M.T. Jose ◽  
T.K. Srinivasan ◽  
B. Venkatraman
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Absorption Correction

scholarly journals Determination of relative and absolute efficiency functions in the range of 122 keV ÷ 8.5 MeV of HPGe detector

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Son An Nguyen ◽  
Lanh Dang ◽  
Minh Van Truong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Neutron Activation ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Absolute Efficiency ◽  
Gamma Sources ◽  
Reaction 35Cl

Construction of detector is necessary. However, on large energy range the manufacturers could not also support the explicit function of relative and absolute efficiencies of detectors. One of the reasons is a restriction of energy range of gamma sources (normally < 3 MeV). This paper presents the results of construction of relative and absolute efficiency functions within a range from 122 keV to 8.5 MeV. The sources are used combining 152Eu point source and 36Cl activated isotope by thermal neutron captured reaction 35Cl of Dalat nuclear reactor (DNR) by 35Cl(n, γ)36Cl reaction. This result can be applied in determining quantitative analysis of samples of neutron activation and radioactivity chemistry

scholarly journals Far-Infrared Properties of Markarian Galaxies with Multiple Nuclei

1989 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
J. M. Mazzarella ◽  
G. D. Bothun
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Ultraviolet Excess ◽  
Multiple Nucleus ◽  
Point Source Catalog

We have coadded the IRAS data on a sample of 188 multiple-nucleus and morphologically peculiar Markarian galaxies noted as “interacting” in the compilation of Mazzarella and Balzano (1986). We have increased the number of objects in this sample with 60μm and 100μm IRAS detections by a factor of two from what is available in the Point Source Catalog, allowing the determination of far-infrared (FIR) luminosities and colors for over 130 morphologically peculiar Markarian galaxies. The galaxies in this sample have diameters less than 2′, and thus were seen as point sources by IRAS. All far-infrared properties discussed here apply to the entire multiple-nucleus or peculiar system. These data provide a unique opportunity to study the far-infrared properties of mergers which have prior indications of starburst or Seyfert activity as evidenced by their ultraviolet excess.

Analysis of the Influence of Spot Diameter of Point Sources on HPGE Detector Γ-Ray Efficiencies Simulation for Volume Source

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zining Tian ◽  
Xiaoping Ouyang ◽  
Ming Zeng ◽  
Zhiwei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Ideal Point ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Small Disk ◽  
Spot Diameter

The concept of transforming the detector efficiency of ϕ 75mm×20mm 13737Cs gas sample to a virtual 137Cs point source simulation, in order to facilitate efficiency evaluations for different source location, was proposed for the HPGe detector. The virtual point source usually has spot diameter, so, analysis of the influence of spot diameter of point source was studied in the present work. It was found that the point source model does not seem to fit too well to the experimental data, for the small source-to-detector distances. A multi-parameter polynomial expression describing the dependence of the count rate versus the source-to detector distance was fitted to the experimental data. The point source (ϕ 4.0mm) and small disk source (ϕ 20mm) were used in this experimental simulation, and their result discrepancy was 5.6%. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to study above experiment process, the discrepancy was 2.6%. For another simulation, the point source (ϕ 4.0mm) and ideal point source (ϕ 0.0mm) were used in Monte Carlo simulation, and their result discrepancy was zero. So, for the whole gas sample simulation, the influence of spot diameter of point source can be neglected in this simulation method.

Resilience among adolescents within the child protective services system: A focus on environmental safety

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia R. Pannia ◽  
Christine M. Wekerle ◽  
Randy Waechter ◽  
Eman Leung ◽  
Maria M.N. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Child Protective Services ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Protective Services ◽  
System A

Sources of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in the Catchment Area of Neusiedlersee/Fertö, Austria/Hungary

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. v. d. Emde ◽  
H. Fleckseder ◽  
N. Matsché ◽  
F. Plahl-Wabnegg ◽  
G. Spatzierer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The One

Neusiedlersee (in German) / Fertö tó (in Hungarian) is a shallow lake at the Austro-Hungarian border. In the late 1970s, the question arose what to do in order to protect the lake against eutrophication. A preliminary report established the need for point-source control as well as gave first estimates for non-point source inputs. The proposed point-source control was quickly implemented, non-point sources were - among other topics - studied in detail in the period 1982 - 1986. The preliminary work had shown, based on integrated sampling and data from literature, that the aeolic input outweighed the one via water erosion (work was for totP only). In contrast to this, the 1982 - 1986 study showed that (a) water erosion by far dominates over aeolic inputs and (b) the size of nonpoint-source inputs was assessed for the largest catchment area in pronounced detail, whereas additional estimates were undertaken for smaller additional catchment areas. The methods as well as the results are presented in the following. The paper concludes with some remarks on the present management practice of nonpoint-source inputs.

Water quality modeling in the watershed-based approach for waste load allocations

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruochuan Gu ◽  
Mei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Water Quality Modeling ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Waste Load

The conventional method for waste load allocations (WLA) employs spatial-differentiation, considering individual point sources, and temporal-integration, using a constant flow, typically 7Q10 low flow. This paper presents a watershed-based seasonal management approach, in which non-point source as well as point sources are incorporated, seasonal design flows are used for water quality analysis, and WLA are performend in a watershed scale. The strategy for surface water quality modeling in the watershed-based approach is described. The concept of seasonal discharge management is discussed and suggested for the watershed-based approach. A case study using the method for the Des Moines River, Iowa, USA is conducted. Modeling considerations and procedure are presented. The significance of non-point source pollutant load and its impact on water quality of the river is evaluated by analyzing field data. A water quality model is selected and validated against field measurements. The model is applied to projections of future water quality situations under different watershed management and water quality control scenarios with respect to river flow and pollutant loading rate.

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